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 Background & Objectives: Spironolactone is a diuretic and antiandrogenic drug and is used in the treatment of hypertention 'secondary hyprealdosteronism congestive heart failure' cirrhosis of the liver, nephrotic syndrome 'androgenic alopecia' gynecomastia and hirsutism. In this research, the effects of spironolactone on the serum LH, FSH, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and changes in body weight and testicular tissue in adult male rats, were studied.

 Methods: For this purpose 190 10 g male wistar rats (n=40) were randomly divided into the following grups: control, sham operated (received water) and 25, 50, 100 mg/kg oral spironolactone treated groups. After 14 days body weight and testis weight under laboratory methods, were measured and blood samples were taken from heart and used for the measuring of LH/FSH/testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and then the rates' testes, in order to evaluate the histological changes, were removed and weighed and after obtaining tissue section and staining through HE, they were studied.

 Results: Serum LH level showed a significant increase and testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels showed asignigicant decrease in 100mg/kg spironolactone treated group ( p 0.05 ) and there was no significant difference among serum FSH level, body weight and testicular weight as compared to control group.

 Conclusion: It can be concluded that oral administration of spironolactone maximum dose for 14 days could increase serum LHlevel and decrease testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels.

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Background & objectives: Diabetes mellitus mediated by oxidative stress, creates serious metabolic disorders in testis. Kudzu root with an isoflavonin and saponin contents is often used as antidiabetic and antioxidant. This study aimed at preventing the oxidative effects of diabetes using Kudzu root.

Methods: In this study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups: control, diabetic and diabetic rats treated with Kudzu 50 and100 mg/kg. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 55mg/kg streptozocin. One week after injection, the rats started to receive Kudzu at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for five weeks by gavage. Testicular damage was examined by using hematoxylin-eosin staining protocol. Hormonal and blood biochemical factors were measured.

Results: The results of this study showed that diabetes causes a high blood sugar levels and reduces the spermatogonia and Sertoli cells with decreased spermatogenesis,sperm count and function. These effects were improved in the treatment groups. Decrease in blood sugar and increase in the number and motility of sperm cells and spermatogonic cells were also observed together with enhanced seminiferous tubule diameter and lower basement membrane thickness.

Conclusion: Kudzu with the ability to reduce blood sugar, improves diabetic-induced testicular damage and can have a therapeutic role in diabetes.v

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Background & objectives: exposure to lead has a wide range side effects on fertility. Vitamin D is one of the most important vitamins required for the body. This study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin D on spermatogenesis in male rats treated with lead nitrate.
Methods: In this experimental study, 25 adult male Wistar rats (250-300 gr) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=5). Control group without any treatment, the group receiving lead by gavage and experimental groups receiving lead plus vitamin D at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight by gavage  for 28 days. At the end of the study, after anesthetizing the rats, blood samples were collected directly from heart and serum levels of testosterone hormone, Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) andLuteinizing Hormone (LH) were measured. Histological studies were performed to count the spermatocyte and examine the diameter of the seminal tube. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA, at significance level of p>0.05.
Results: Compared to the control group,  the mean serum testosterone level in the lead group significantly decreased (p<0.001) and the mean LH and FSH serum levels significantly increased (p<0.001) . Also, spermatocytes and seminiferous tubule diameter significantly decreased (p<0.001). Vitamin D consumption reduced the effects of lead intake, and  this effectiveness was completely dose-dependent.
Conclusion: Our data showed that vitamin D has a significant effect on serum testosterone levels and gonadotropins.