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Showing 15 results for Uti
Gholam Hosein Ettehad , Ali Hosseinkhani , Elias Hashemi ,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (6-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. One of the most frequent form of UTI is asymptomatic bacteriuria. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in female students of Babol Islamic Azad University. Methods: This research was carried out on 207 female students from Babol Islamic Azad University in 2002. The age ranges of the students were between 18-29 years. Mid-stream urine (MSU) was collected from students. Urinalysis and bacteriological identification culture of MSU were done twice on all specimens. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was determined by dividing the total number of observed bacteriuria by the total number of samples. Results: Bacteriological tests of MSU revealed that 19 (9.2%) cases were positive for asymptomatic bacteriuria. The microbe most frequently causing asymptomatic bacteriuria was staphylococcus saprophyticus in 7 (36.8%) cases Escherichia coli in 6 (31.6%) cases and Klebsiella in 3 (15.8%) cases. Conclusion: Asymptomatic bacteriuria was highly prevalent in our study. Therefore, young women must consider general health rules about genitourinary system to avoid asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Esmaeil Pesianian, Ali Movaffagi , Abdolnaser Rafi, Mohammadali Hosseinpour Feizi ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Ultrasound waves are extensively used for therapeutic application in physiotherapy. The therapeutic effects of ultrasound often result from the increasing temperature in the exposed tissues, although the nonthermal effects, such as cavitation have an important therapeutic role, the amount of heating depends upon the intensity and frequency of ultrasound. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of alterations in intensity and frequency of therapeutic ultrasound on chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Methods: This study which was a longitudinal and semi experimental one, was carried out in vivo condition as pre and post treatment. Twenty individuals were selected nonrandomly out of the patients referring to the physiotherapy unit. The studied samples were provided into four stages of before the treatment, the end of the fifth session, the end of the tenth session and a week after the end of the treatment, respectively. The treatment was carried out using ultrasound waves in different intensities and frequencies and the results obtained before the treatment were compared with three stages after the treatment. The results were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Friedman statistical tests. Results: The mean of the total number of chromosome aberrations at the first stage before exposure was 0.45 percent that in comparison comparing with the second stage after exposure it reached 1.62 percent (p=0.02), at the third stage to 3.23 percent (p=0.008) and at the fourth stage to 1.59 percent. A significant increase was observed between increase of ultr asound intensity and chromosom al aberrations frequency (p=0.002). Conclusion: It seems that exposure to therapeutic ultrasound waves with high intensities leads to an increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the individuals undergoing exposure. However, increasing the frequency of these waves did not have significant effects on chromosome aberrations of the studied specimens.
Hadi Peeridoghaheh, Marziyeh Aligholi, Mohammadhosein Dehghan, Parviz Maleknejad,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in Iran and is endemic in all parts of the country. Patients recorded in 1988 were 71,051(132. 4 per 100,000). Brucella species are facultative intracellular bacteria, and therefore a limited number of antibiotics are effective against these organisms. The aim of this study was the
evaluation of in vitro sensitivity of various antimicrobial agents against 47 brucella melitensis strains isolated from blood culture.
Methods: The susceptibility of 47 Brucella melitensis isolates derived from clinical samples were tested in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tested antimicrobials were measured by the agar dilution method.MIC90 and MIC50 values were defined as the lowest concentration of the antibiotic at which 90 and 50 percent of the isolates
were inhibited, respectively. The NCCLS criteria for slow growing bacteria were considered to interpret the results.
Results: Tetracycline (MIC50: 0.13μg/ml, MIC90: 0.25 μg/ml) and streptomycin (MIC50:0.003 μg/ml, MIC90:0.25 μg/ml) had the lowest MICs in vitro against the B. melitensis strains. Norfloxacin had the highest (8 μg/ml) MIC90 value. More than half
isolates presented reduced susceptibility to rifampin (MIC value: 2μg/ml).
Conclusion: Brucella isolates remain susceptible in vitro to most antibiotics used for treatment of brucellosis. There is no significantly important resistance problem for antibiotics targeted against Brucella species in Iran. However, since rifampin is commonly used for prevalent diseases such as tuberculosis, the regional susceptibility pattern of rifampin should be assessed periodically.
Vahed Alaei, Farhad Salehzadeh,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (9-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Identifying urinary tract infection, especially in infants and young children is very important from the viewpoint of start of treatment, and if it is delayed probably the children are affected by risk of failure to thrive, sepsis and chronic problems such as renal scars, increase of arterial blood pressure and renal failure. Increasing usage of antibiotics, result in AB resistance microorganism. This study was done because of bacterial differences in resistance in different regions and the change in the rate of resistance in UTI. Methods:This research is a descriptive-prospective study 510 children under the age of 12 as the study samples were chosen. These children were referred to clinics of Ardabil Aliasghar and Sabalan Hospitals in 2006. Their urine culture colony was above 100000. Data gathering was accomplished by their parents through questionnaire and interview's then gathered Data were analyzed by computer software programs of the SPSS and Excel. Results:Findings of research showed that symptoms of malodorous urine (54.7%) in children under 12 months, dysuria (58.9%) in 1-3 years age groups, frequency (54.8%) in 3-6 years old groups dysuria (49.2%) in 6 years old groups and above were most prevalent symptoms which were reported. From the viewpoint of gender differences UTI in girls was 4 times more than that of boys that this difference in 1-3 years old groups was highest range (4.8 to 1). About antibiotical resistancy of microorganisms, Ampicillin with 78.9% resistance, Co-trimoxazole with 66%, Cephalexin with 62.8% and cephazoline with 33.3% were most resistant antibiotics respectively. E-coli resistance against gentamicine was 15.8%, that compared with other microorganisms is very high and its resistance against ceftriaxon was 8%, which is low compared with other microorganisms. Conclusion: Findings of research showed the variety of UTI symptoms in children and also showed that drug resistancy against Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole, Cephalexin and cephazoline is high.
Sadegh Hazrati , Mansoor Rezazadeh Azari , Hadi Sadeghi , Soheila Rahimzadeh, Naser Mostaed,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Long term exposure to high levels of cement dust is one of the most important environmental risk factors in cement industries that adversely affect employee's respiratory system. Provided that achieving sustainable development mainly relies on healthy workers, this study aimed at assessing cement dust concentration and its free SiO2 content in an Iranian Portland Cement Industry. Methods: In a cross - sectional study, airborne dust levels was investigated by collecting 64 personal and 35 environmental samples at both inhalable and respirable dust sizes. Dust concentrations were determined by deploying personal samplers in the breathing zone of workers. SiO2 fractions were also measured in 4 samples collected from different part of the factory. Results: Arithmetic average concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust in personal sampling campaign were 58 and 13 mg m-3, respectively. Respective values for inhalable and respirable dust in environmental sampling campaign were 154 and 27 mg m-3. Dust concentrations in 90% of environmental samples and 80% of personal samples exceeded those occupational exposure limit values set for inert dusts i.e. Portland Cement. The average free SiO2 fraction in analyzed samples was 2.86% varying from 2.33% in "packing and loading" area to 3.67 % in "raw mill" section. Conclusion: Free SiO2 fraction as well as the concentrations of cement dust in this study is much higher than those of occupational exposure limit proposed by Iranian Technical Committee of Occupational Health.
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani , Masoud Khorasani , Hadi Piri Dogahe, Mahdi Shirzad Siboni,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: E. coli is an opportunistic and pathogenic bacterium in human. It is a fecal contamination indicator of the water. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of ultra violet radiation in disinfection of E. coli in aquatic environments in a batch system. Methods: At first, reactor was designed and made. The effects of pH, exposure time and initial inoculum were studied. Kinetic parameters were obtained by application of zero, first and second - order equations . Results: The result showed that removal efficiency decreased with increase of initial inoculumand the kinetics of disinfection was described by first-order model. The result also showed that removal efficiency augmented with increasing exposure time and pH . Conclusion: The results of this study shows that ultra violet radiation can be used as an effective disinfection method for E. coli in aquatic environments.
Mehrnaz Mashoufi, Robab Nazari, Roghayieh Shirinkam Chouri, Afshan Sharghi, Afrouz Mardi, Maryam Azari ,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Bacterial vaginosis is a condition which is determined by changes in microbial ecosystem of vagina and is considered as a preventable risk factor for preterm delivery. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of bacterial vaginosis screening program in routine prenatal care and its effect on decreasing preterm labor. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 474 pregnant women at gestational stage between 2007 and 2008. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: intervention group and control group. Screening was performed in intervention group with Amsel's criteria (3 of 4 needed for diagnosis). Positive cases were given clindamycin cream (2%) for one week. The outcome of the delivery was assessed in both groups afterward. Data were analyzed by SPSS11 software using descriptive statistics. Results: There was no significant difference between two groups regarding pregnancy rank, wanted and unwanted pregnancy, insufficient weight gain, mother vaccination and complication of pregnancy. Bacterial vaginosis was observed in 17 out of 216 (8%) in the intervention group and then treated. Prevalence of preterm delivery in the intervention and control groups were 3 (1.4%) and 12 (4.7%), respectively. The relative risk was protective (RR: 0.3, DR: 0.033, NNT: 30). Conclusion: Screening and treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women could significantly decrease the rate of preterm delivery.
Hosein Douste Kami , Adalat Hosseinian , Effat Mazaheri, Naser Aslanabadi , Samad Ghaffari , Bahram Sohrabi , Eiraj Mohammadzadeh , Farhad Pourfarzi , Naser Moaiiednia ,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Coronary bifurcation lesions are important, complex lesions with different therapeutic strategies. In this study, patients with Coronary bifurcation lesions were treated and clinical results in these patients were followed during the nine-month period. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed between January 2007 to December 2008 at Tabriz Shahid Madani Cardiovascular Center. We have studied 96 patients (83 male and 13 female). Patients on the basis of one or two stents were placed in one group and the other groups were divided based on the use of Drug Eluting Stent and Bare Metal Stent. After diagnostic angiography if coronary bifurcation lesions were present based on Medina classification, appropriate angioplasty treatment was carried out. In a situations including chest pain, electrocardiographic changes or the objective evidence of ischemia and indication of angiography, appropriate diagnostic tests during follow up period were done. Clinical outcomes including acute coronary events were recorded. And result analyzed using SPSS version 16 . Chi-square ، Fisher and T tests were used to compare the relationship between variables. Results: In this study 86.5% was male and 13.5% female. The mean age of these patients was 56±9.9 years old. The most prevalent risk factor was HTN with 41.7% incidence and 55.2% of patient had chronic stable angina and 26% of them had history of acute myocardial infarction, 7.2% with history of PCI and 5.2% with history Of CABGS. Most prevalent site of bifurcation was ALD/diagonal with 65.5% incidence. The most prevalent complication was mild bleeding from puncture site with 10.4% and 5.2% of patients had mild hematoma. Among patients with two stents versus one stent presence of AMI presentation with CSA, ST Elevation in ECG was statistically significant. Also involvement of SB (side branch) lesions lengths at SB, kissing ballooning after implantation of two stents were statistically significant. Among patients with DES versus BMS usage of stent in RCA, LAD, lesion lengths at PMB (proximal main branch), DMP (distal main branch) and SB, procedure time, radiation dose, fluoroscopy time were statistically significant. Among two groups MACE (major acute coronary event) in two stents patient between 1-3 month and total MACE at first 6 month were statistically significant Conclusion: The age of patients treated with CBL was low, also more usage of BMS and stenting of BFLs with two BMS had weak results in this study but surprisingly total results of BMS and DES did not have significant difference after 9 months follow up between two groups.
Fatemeh Rahimikian, Forooq Talebi, Shahnaz Golian Tehrani, Abbas Mehran,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Birth in the 21st century is characterized by interventions. That interventions increase the risk for mother and baby without improving outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of physiological birth and routine normal delivery on some of maternal and fetus outcomes. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 160 pregnant women. The participants were allocated in two groups of physiological birth (n=80) and routine normal delivery (n=80). Inclusion criteria were as following: Apgar score between one and five dilatation between three and four cm maternal age between 18-35 years gestational age between 37-40 weeks cephalic presentation and neonatal birth weight of 2500-4000 gr. Physiological birth care included labor begins on its own, freedom of movement throughout labor, continuous labor support, spontaneous pushing, no separation of mother and baby. Routine birth cares include routine interventions in labor or birth. Rate of cesarean, Apgar score and neonatal intensive care unit were evaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16. The t-test, chi-square and Mann Whitney were the statistical tests of choice. Results: Rate of cesarean was significantly different between two groups (p=0.005). First minute Neonatal Apgar score was significantly different (p=0.011), but fifth minute Apgar was similar in both groups (p=0.470). The transmission to neonatal intensive care unit had also significant difference among two groups (p=0.029). Conclusion: The present study showed that the physiological birth is safe. It seems that the physiological birth decreases the rate of cesarean and transmission to neonatal intensive care unit, also improves the first minute neonatal Apgar scores.
Parviz Amri Maleh, Mojdeh Camvar ,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Eisenmenger syndrome associated with pregnancy increases the maternal morbidity and mortality . Therefore, in the most of such patients the termination of pregnancy is recommended. Case report: A 29 -year-old woman at the 7 th week of gestational age was candidate for therapeutic abortion with history of Eisenmenger syndrome due to atrial septal defect (ASD) . Spinal a nesthesia was performed in sitting position at the L4-5 interspace with 10 mg of bupivacaine . The p atient was laid in the supine position after 2 minutes. The surgery lasted about an hour . Blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly during operation. Conclusion : Modified s pinal anesthesia with bupivacaine is recommended for therapeutic abortion in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome.
Soheila Molaei, Abdolhosein Dalimi, Mehdi Mohebali, Zabihollah Zareii, Behnam Mohamadi, Behnaz Akhondi, Amrollah Azarm,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease and is considered as the most important disease in dogs. The disease has been reported in North West and South of the country, in Iran. In addition to stray dogs, some apparently healthy dogs can be contaminated without showing any sign or symptoms in this area. In the present study, canine visceral leishmaniasis was investigated in dogs lacking clinical signs in Meshkinshahr city in Ardabil, Iran.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted during 2011-2014. A total of 110 serum samples collected from dogs either having or lacking clinical signs and tested by direct agglutination test (DAT) assay. Then 10 dogs (41.6%) showing clinical signs and 15 dogs (17.4%) without any symptoms were autopsied and their spleens were sampled. The samples were used for smear preparation and culturing.
Results: Based on the results, among 24 dogs with clinical signs 20 cases (83.3%) and of 86 dogs without signs, 16 cases (18.6%) found to be positive. On the other hand, smear and culture results were found to be positive in 100% and 60% of dogs with and without clinical signs, respectively. The interesting and impressive results of this study was that the dogs with symptoms but negative DAT and asymptomatic dogs with negative DAT were positive in parasitological tests.
Conclusion: This proves that asymptomatic dogs like symptomatic dogs can be effective in L. infantum infection and is able to maintain the transmission of the disease in endemic areas. On the other hand, a number of symptomatic dogs with negative anti-leishmania antibodies were positive in parasitological tests. Thus, this study also shows that although DAT is effective in determining asymptomatic dogs and canine visceral leishmaniosis control programs but it does not seem to be satisfying in endemic areas such as Meshkin-shahr. Thus in endemic areas, it is recommended that the low antibody titer should be considered.
Moien Zakavati, Shahram Habibzadeh, Saeed Sadeghieh, Perham Mohammadi, Sara Mostafalou,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Nowadays, bacterial resistance and the increase in the therapeutic costs are considered as the most important global concerns of medical care system regarding complicated infections. Imipenem is a member of the carbapenem class of beta-lactam antibiotics prescribed mostly in our hospitals because of its broad activity against bacterial infections. Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) process is an official, ongoing and systemic program that collects information in order to identify and improve the adverse effect of drugs and the cost of medicalization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the administration and use of imipenem in the educational Imam Khomeini hospital in Ardabil in 2018.
Methods: In this prospective, descriptive, cross- sectional study, 110 hospitalized patients, who received imipenem from September to December of 2018, were included in this study. Patient's demographic data, dosing, dosage adjustment in renal failure and other co-prescribed antimicrobial drugs were extracted from current medical file of hospitalized patients and evaluated with medical guidelines.
Results: 64% of patients received imipenem in the first day of hospitalization and 75.5% of patients were empirically received imipenem while antibiogram test was ordered for only 24.5% of patients. Serum creatinine were ordered for most of the patients, but correct dose regimens for patients who get non-empiric antibiotic therapy were only 25.5%.
Conclusion: High rate of empiric prescription without considering the result of antibiogram test and immediate initiation of antimicrobial therapy at the time of admission were the most important aspects of irrational use of imipenem observed in this study. Paying more attention to sampling, culturing and sensitivity test and prescription of imipenem based on specific guidelines are recommended.
Somayeh Toreyhi, Shahram Vahedi, Seyyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei, Ramtin Hadighi,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background & objectives: In recent years, more attention has been paid to the cognitive impairments of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and several studies have been conducted in this field. One of the areas that have been considered in these studies is the defect in executive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of executive functions in differentiation children with intestinal parasitic diseases and ADHD in Karaj city.
Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all children referred to the Radmin Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center of Karaj in 2019. Convenient sampling was performed on 120 children in groups of 40 members, including healthy children, children with ADHD and intestinal parasite infection group. Research tools included diagnostic interview, Conners grading scale, continuous performance test, n-back test and parasitic test. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using logistic regression and diagnostic analysis.
Results: Findings showed that logistic coefficients of active memory in children with intestinal parasite and active memory and attention retention in children with ADHD were significant. Also, healthy children and children with ADHD (85%) and children with intestinal parasitic disease (52.5%) had the highest accuracy in predicting respectively. based on the proposed model they were correctly classified.
Conclusion: Just as hyperactivity has a pattern of dysfunction performance in executive functions such as working memory and attentional retention, intestinal parasite-related diseases can also have such symptoms. In fact, the symptoms of a child with intestinal parasite are very similar to the symptoms of a person with ADHD, which can lead to errors in assessment and diagnosis.
Mehta Mir Hashemi, Abbas Tafakheri, Fatemeh Hajibabaee, Hadis Ashrafizadeh, Amir Ahmad Shojaei,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Futile or fruitless life-saving interventions are in conflict with the four principles of medical ethics, which are not only ineffective for the patients, but also have a high burden on society. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the causes of unsuccessful life-saving treatment and interventions from the point of view of care providers in the neurology and neurosurgery departments of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on 64 doctors and 72 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2018. A 25-item researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Spss-24 software and descriptive statistics tests were used to analyze data.
Results: The average age of doctors and nurses was 34.25±5.1 and 35.12±8.2 years, respectively. From the point of view of physicians and nurses, the most important reason for the ineffective provision of life-saving services was the lack of legal, moral and Islamic permission and guidelines to cut off life support devices and the lack of resuscitation in patients facing death (end stages of life).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that, from the point of view of nurses, the most common reasons for providing futile care and cure are the moral and humane obligation of the treatment and care team to provide ineffective life-saving interventions, and from the point of view of the physician, the lack of legal, ethical and religious permission and instructions to cut off life support devices in patients has resulted in death. Some of the causes of unnecessary care were presented in this study, and some of these causes cannot be solved without solving theoretical problems and practical expert studies. Developing guidelines to define futile treatment, especially in end-of-life care, and providing solutions to control and manage treatment and unsuccessful life-saving interventions seems necessary.
Melika Izadpanah,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Endometriosis is a long-term health condition that is known as a significant factor in women's infertility issues nowadays. Since many factors contribute to the development of this disease and because diagnosis is difficult and typically happens late in the progression of the disease, early detection is especially crucial. Extracellular micro vesicles called exosomes have diverse biological molecules and can alter the behavior of recipient cells, influencing angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Exosomes are significant in cell communication and could act as new biomarkers for early detection of endometriosis. Hence, exploring and comprehending the impact of exosomes on the development of endometriosis can create opportunities for studying potential diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic interventions to prevent the advancement of the condition. This article delves into new approaches to diagnose and treat endometrial disorders by highlighting the various functions of exosomes in endometriosis.
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