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  Backgrond & Objectives: Perioperartive shivering is a common complication which interferes with monitoring of patients and it increases oxygen consumption (up to 500%) which can be life-threating in patients with a low cardio pulmonary reserve. This study compared the efficiency and complications of two perioperative antishivering drugs. (Tramadol and Meperidine).

  Methods: All of the 70 patients under went cesarean section with spinal Anesthesia, were categorized in two groups of 35 persons, and treated as clinical trial, double blind with tramadol and meperidine. Then they were compared in terms of the interval between administration of drugs and stoping of shivering and their complications.

  Results : The mean age in patient were 27 years, youngest one was 17 and the oldest was 39 years. The average interval of stopping of shivering during tramadol using (2.57 min) is less than meperidine (6.24 min). The frequency of nausea and vomiting in meperidine group was more than that of the tramadol group. Regarding the incidence of pruritus and sedation after using of drug in both groups, there was no considerable difference between them. Respiratory and pulse rate changes, and decreasing of arterial oxygen saturation in post injection period to preinjection period of meperidine, didn't show any significant changes. In systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes, there was no significant change in both groups.

  Conclusion: Perioperative shivering treatment by tramadol is better than meperidine because of its faster onset of stopping of shivering and its low complications in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.

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  Background & objectives: Eisenmenger syndrome associated with pregnancy increases the maternal morbidity and mortality . Therefore, in the most of such patients the termination of pregnancy is recommended.

  Case report: A 29 -year-old woman at the 7 ^th week of gestational age was candidate for therapeutic abortion with history of Eisenmenger syndrome due to atrial septal defect (ASD) . Spinal a nesthesia was performed in sitting position at the L4-5 interspace with 10 mg of bupivacaine . The p atient was laid in the supine position after 2 minutes. The surgery lasted about an hour . Blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly during operation.

  Conclusion : Modified s pinal anesthesia with bupivacaine is recommended for therapeutic abortion in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome.

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Background & objectives: This study was designed to compare the effect of general and spinal anesthesia on hemoglobin and hematocrit values in women following cesarean section.

Methods: This clinical trial study performed on 88 ASA class 1 pregnant women who were candidate for elective cesarean. Forty six patients received general anesthesia with isoflorane 0.75, N₂O 50% and O₂ and also 42 patients received spinal anesthesia with 12 mg of bupivacaine. The patients with a systemic disease or other causes of intraoperative excessive bleeding were excluded. All the operations were performed by same surgeon. Pre- and post-operative Hb and HCT values and Apgar score were recorded in both groups.

Results: Previous cesarean section history was the cause of surgery in 21 patients in group one and 22 patients in group two. Both groups were similar in age, weight, height and parity. The preoperative mean Hb or HCT values did not differ significantly between two groups. In both groups, postoperative mean Hb and HCT values were decreased significantly. Postoperative Hb and Hct reduction was significantly higher in general anesthesia group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding Apgar score.

Conclusion: This study showed higher postoperative Hb and Hct reduction in general anesthesia than spinal anesthesia.

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Background & objectives: Pain is one of the most common post-operative complications of cesarean section, which is very important for mother in nursing a baby and breastfeeding. Finding ways to overcome this pain has always been a concern for researchers. Considering the application of plants in traditional medicine as sedatives, this study evaluated the effect of Dill seed oil on post-operative pain in patients with spinal anesthesia.
Methods: This double-blind, clinical trial was conducted on pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and referred to Hajar hospital in Shahrekord, Iran during 2015-2016.  By simple random sampling, the patients were divided into two groups. In the first group, 10 cc Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seed oil was prescribed at intervals of half an hour and one  hour before spinal anesthesia and half an hour , one hour and two hours after spinal anesthesia. In the second group, placebos (standard treatment) were prescribed at the same intervals. Pain and vital signs, including blood pressure, nausea , vomiting, heart rate, bleeding , use of narcotics and NSAID and any additional medications (such as atropine and ephedrine)  were recorded and rechecked during surgery , thirty minutes after spinal anesthesia and  one hour, four hours and twelve hours  after cesarean section.
Results: The findings showed a significant difference between the two groups in the third stage of the study (4 hours after cesarean section) only in respiratory rate and in the fourth stage of the study (12 hours after cesarean section) in all vital signs (p<0.05). Also, the pain and nausea rate in the third and fourth stages of the study in the case group (Dill seed oil) were lower than those of the control group, indicating a significant difference in the pain level (p<0.05). The bleeding rate and use of NSAIDs and opioids twelve hours after caesarian section in the case group were significantly lower than those of  the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: considering the effect of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seed oil on reducing pain, bleeding rate and use of narcotics and NSIADs, it can be used in women undergoing cesarean section.