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Showing 2 results for Salmonella Typhi
Zhinoos Bayatmakoo , Roshanak Bayatmakoo ,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objective: The emergence of multi-drug resistant salmonella strains h ave made t h e treatment of typhoid fever difficult all over the world. It is even more complicated w h en t h e hi g h cost of newly marketed antibiotics, their side effects and arising bacterial resistance to them are considered. Knowledge of antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of salmonella can make prevention of side-effects and emergence of resistance as well as the treatment measures more effective in this region. Methods : This descriptive study was performed in a 6-year period between 1992-97 on 397 patients who were culture positive (blood and stool) in terms of typhoid. The drug resistance was determined based on the anti-biogram of salmonella separated from blood and stool culture of the patients. Results: The total number of patients was 397 (237 males, 160 females). All of the subjects were above 12 years old. The resistance of strains of salmonella separated from the blood and stool culture to an antibiotic was 76.9 and 79.6 percent respectively. Resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol was highest among others. There were 60 strains with multi-drug resistance 34 of which (8.57% of all patients) were separated from blood culture and 26 (6.55% of all patients) from stool-culture. The amount of microorganisms multi-drug resistance separated from blood and stool was 6.55% and 8.57% respectively (15.12% in total). Conclusions : Using antibiotics without the knowledge of bacterial resistance and sensitivity can complicate the issue.
Mohaddeseh Haji Ghasemi, Mostafa Govahi, Mojtaba Ranjbar,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and the presence of antibacterial compounds in plants, in this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Physalis alkekengi on some pathogenic bacteria was investigated.
Methods: In this experimental study, the dried fruits of the Physalis alkekengi were purchased from a medicinal plant shop and after extraction, the antibacterial effect of the aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of the plant against standard strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. Antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts were determined using serial dilution and disk diffusion methods.
Results: In the disk diffusion method, all concentrations of the methanolic extract of Physalis alkekengi had an inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract was considerably higher than the aqueous extract. The lowest inhibitory concentration of the methanolic extract was 12.5 mg/ml, and the minimum lethal concentration was 25 mg/ml. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plant had the minimal effect on the standard strain of Staphylococcus aureus.
Conclusion: Aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts showed different levels of antibacterial properties in a concentration-dependent method. Therefore, the inhibitory effects against each bacterium can probably be attributed to the activity of the active ingredients of the plant, the extraction method, and the properties of the solvent used.
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