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Showing 41 results for Sit
Ahmad Daryani, Golam Hosein Ettehad,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Intestinal infestation is among the most common infections in the world, being responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal infestation and related risk factors among students of primary schools in Ardabil. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in 24 primary schools of Ardabil in 2003. A total of 1070 school children between 7-13 years of age (527(49.3%) boys and 543(50.7%) girls) took part in this study. Fecal specimens were collected by random sampling and were examined for ova, larva and cysts of intestinal parasites using direct wet mount and formalin-ether concentration methods. Results: A total of 1 0 species were identified, Giardia lamblia (14.2%), Blastocystis hominis (10.2%) and Entamoeba coli (4.1%) were the most common parasites, respectively, the over all prevalence rate for at least one parasite was 27.7%. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of parasites by sex, age, class grade and rate of infection (p>0.06). Conclusion: This study indicated that there is a high rate of intestinal infestation rate among primary school students. So health education about personal hygiene is necessary for the students and their parents, especially mothers.
Parviz Molavi, Hosein Mohammadnia, Roohollah Arab , Akbar Atadokht ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Tension headache is one of the most common types of headaches that millions of people suffer from it. So far different treatments have been used to confront with tension headaches. According to the studies, tension headaches usually respond well to nonpharamacological treatment. The objective of this survey is the comparison between efficacy and effectiveness rate of SIT and medical treatment for tension headache treatment. Methods: In this study, 30 patients who had referred to neurology clinic of Alavi Hospital and private clinics, during the months of June and July in 2003, with chronic tension headache complaint, were selected randomly. These 30 patients were entered to two study groups and the third control groups. The patients in the first and second group received SIT and medical treatment respectively. The third group was considered as the control group and received no intervention. Indices of headache (frequency, severity and duration) were evaluated in 3 stages (Before treatment, after treatment and within one-month follow up period) by using a headache record device for all of patients. The collected data were analyzed by inferential statistical SIT methods, variance analysis and LSD pair comparison. Results: The data found from ANOVA methods (Analysis of variance) showed that both methods (Stress inoculation training and medical treatment) are effective in the treatment of chronic tension headache, but comparison between two groups showed that the group who received SIT had a significant difference compared to the group who received medical treatment in terms of efficacy rate on duration and consistency of headache symptom (p<0.05). In other indices of headache (freauency and severity), there was no significant difference between these two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that effiectiveness rate of stress inoculation training is more effective than medical treatment of tension headache (in terms of headache symptoms duration and consistency).
Firooz Amani , Jafar Bashiri , Ahmad Sabzevari, Babak Gharoosi , Negin Nahanmoghaddam,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Tuberculosis has been the most common fatal disease among adults. It was ranked as the 7th most prevalent disease in the Global Burden of disease. It was also predicted to retain similar rank based on the Disability-Adjusted life Years (DALY) Criteria in the year 2020, whereas this rink has decreased for other infectious diseases. Tuberculosis varies in socio-demographic characteristics in different geographic areas. Therefore understanding its pattern could be useful in designing a preventive strategy. This study was conducted to identify socio-demographic pattern of this disease on the basis of smear. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in Ardabil city by reviewing 232 samples of patients who were under treatment for TB during last four years. Information was collected from patients’ records which were kept in Ardabil health center. The Data were analyzed through SPSS. Results: 37.5% of cases were male and the rest were female. 86 of subjects had positive smear, 44 negative smear and 98 were diagnosed as extra pulmonary tuberculosis and 4% as relapse. The average age of cases was 42 with SD=19.4 ranging between 2 and 86 years. Positive smear’s pulmonary TB more prevalent in urban areas than rural areas while negative smear’ pulmonary TB and relapse were more frequently observed in the rural areas. Smear positive was 59.3% smear negative was 59.1% and extra-pulmonary TB 67.3% were more common in women than men. However, relapse rate was equal in both sexes. Conclusion: the average age of our subjects was compatible to the findings of other studies.66% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis had positive smear which is close to 65% that was reported in the national program for prevention of TB. The ratio of positive smear’ pulmonary TB to extra-pulmonary and negative smear’s pulmonary TB was 60% which differs to the expected ratio of one. Relapse rate was 1.7% which is less than expected rate (4%). This shows that DOTS was a successful program.
Esmaeil Pesianian, Ali Movaffagi , Abdolnaser Rafi, Mohammadali Hosseinpour Feizi ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Ultrasound waves are extensively used for therapeutic application in physiotherapy. The therapeutic effects of ultrasound often result from the increasing temperature in the exposed tissues, although the nonthermal effects, such as cavitation have an important therapeutic role, the amount of heating depends upon the intensity and frequency of ultrasound. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of alterations in intensity and frequency of therapeutic ultrasound on chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Methods: This study which was a longitudinal and semi experimental one, was carried out in vivo condition as pre and post treatment. Twenty individuals were selected nonrandomly out of the patients referring to the physiotherapy unit. The studied samples were provided into four stages of before the treatment, the end of the fifth session, the end of the tenth session and a week after the end of the treatment, respectively. The treatment was carried out using ultrasound waves in different intensities and frequencies and the results obtained before the treatment were compared with three stages after the treatment. The results were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Friedman statistical tests. Results: The mean of the total number of chromosome aberrations at the first stage before exposure was 0.45 percent that in comparison comparing with the second stage after exposure it reached 1.62 percent (p=0.02), at the third stage to 3.23 percent (p=0.008) and at the fourth stage to 1.59 percent. A significant increase was observed between increase of ultr asound intensity and chromosom al aberrations frequency (p=0.002). Conclusion: It seems that exposure to therapeutic ultrasound waves with high intensities leads to an increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the individuals undergoing exposure. However, increasing the frequency of these waves did not have significant effects on chromosome aberrations of the studied specimens.
Sima Khavandizadeh Aghadam , Samira Shahbazzadegan , Behnam Mahfoozi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background & objective: Different studies have been emphasized the effects of maternal position on labor and delivery these effects isn’t less important than medical and midwifery factors. This study is a quasi- experimental. This study wants to the effects of Maternal elective position during active phase on the process and outcome of Labor and delivery in primigravida women. Methods: The of the study were 150 women 75 women in case group (women in the elective Position) and 75 women in whom allowed to cuoie their labor control group in . All women were between 18-30 years, term pregnancy (hist and second s ??), interval of poin in second sreye of labor, the first and minu as scores, mother’s sansfa??? Of delivery experwones, onest of breasr feedy have recorded. Results: The results of the study showed that the elective and freedom of position significantly reduced length of active phase (p=0/002), need for oxytocin augumentation (p=0/0058), pain intensity (p=0/026), ceasarean section (p=0/0393) and increased APGAR score in the first minute (p<0/01), early onset of breast feeding (p=0/0015) and Mothers’ satisfaction of delivery experience (p=0/0001). Duration of second stage and fifth minute Apgar were not different in two groups. Conclusions: This study showed that the Maternal elective position has positive e of resuly of deliveris and the first minuts Apgar score during active phase is good for deliveries and health
Eiraj Sayadrezai, Esmaeil Farzaneh , Ahad Azamy , Afsaneh Enteshari Mogaddam, Samira Shahbazzadegan, Reza Mehrgany,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Suicide is an important problem for social safety and health. This phenomenon is costly for remedy and also is against Islamic values and ethics. Recognizing some risk factors of forecasting after epidemiologic studies on people whom attempted to suicide could prepare and present outlines and proper guides for preventing by health and social planners. This research is purposed on suicide epidemiologic study to obtain full and enough data about deceased people by suicide in Ardebil province. Methods: The subjects of this descriptive, analytic and sectional research were 64 deceased people by suicide from 2003-2008, who were registered in Bualy, Fatemu, Alavi Hospital and Forensic Medicine of Ardabil Province. The Data was gathered by a researcher designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The highest rate of suicide belonged to age rank of 15-24 years (43.8 %), which occurred in female (62.5 %), married people (57.8 %) urban society (65.6 %) and patient without past chronic physical illness or psychiatric history and without pre-attempt suicide. Self poisoning by drugs and toxins were the most common used method in this case (90.6 %). Orderly the most common used drugs were Organo-Phosphorate Toxins, Tricyclic Antidepressants and Aluminum Phosphid. Conclusion:This research is indicating various risk factors such as sex, age, marriage status, residing place of society and easy access to drugs and toxins. According to obtained results, it is better or proper to accomplished related education and training of preventation and interference of mental health in second and third decades of life with allocation of much time for females (especially married). We suggest paying more attention to education, preventation, diagnosis and treatment of poisoning especially poisoning by most common drugs and toxins.
Firouz Amani, Sadollah Mohammadi , Afshin Shaker, Samira Shahbazzadegan,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Using of drugs arbitrarily leads to failure of treatment and causes side effects in prolonged time. The aim of this study was to survey prevalence of arbitrary drug use and the factors affecting it. Methods: Three hundred students participated in this cross-sectional and descriptive study in Ardabil (Islamic Azad, Mohhaghegh Ardabili, Payame-Noor and Medical Sciences Universities) during 2010. The samples were selected randomly from four universities and data were collected by questionnaire and then, analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics such as chi-square test. Results: The average of students’ age was 20.64±2 years. 23.3% of them were married from whom 92.2% were non-medical students and 7.1% were medical students. 76.7% of all students were single. 83% of all students were using drugs arbitrarily. The highest mean score for student attitude was reflected to safety of used drugs. Lack of time to visit a physician, believing the safety of many drugs and selling of drugs without prescription were the most common causes in arbitrary drug use among students. Conclusion: Regarding to the high arbitrary drug use among students, it is necessary to make a new policy for education and correct informing of students in order to reduce self-treatment.
Babak Nakhostin-Roohi, Nasrin Vaezi ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Effects of new educational programs on health and physical fitness promotion is an important issue which needs regular evaluations. Physical fitness has many advantages such as cardio-respiratory health promotion, prevention of some diseases and improvement of quality of life. On the other hand, it has been shown that there is significant relationship between waterpipe smoking and cancer, cardiovascular as well as pulmonary diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between addiction to waterpipe smoking and cardio-respiratory fitness and body composition of physical education students in Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch. Methods: One hundred and eighty-one physical education students participated in this study. All subjects were selected by cluster sampling method. Cardio-Respiratory fitness (using Cooper test), Body Mass Index (BMI), Fat percent (using 2-point Lohman equation), addiction to waterpipe smoking, smoke exposure and awareness of waterpipe effects on athletic performance (using questionnaire) were evaluated. Results: The body composition of the most students was not suitable (50.3% extra fat), but the cardio-respiratory fitness of male students was better than that of female students. Furthermore, In spite of decrease in waterpipe smoking in comparison to last year (13.3% versus 35.6%), many non-smoking students are exposed to waterpipe smoke (21.0%) and some of them (48.1%) had little information about the harmful effects of waterpipe smoking on athletic performance. Conclusion: According to results of this study improvement in cardio-respiratory fitness and body composition of physical education students and enhancement of their information about side-effects of waterpipe smoking should be emphasized
Maryam Ehsani, Khadijeh Hatamipour, Maryam Sedaghati , Atefeh Ghanbari,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Pain is one of the most common problems for which human have always been looking for efficient treatment. Several different factors may cause pain, but one of the most widespread reason is the application of some treatments and nursing measures such as intramuscular injection. The present study was designed to compare between the intensity of pain due to intramuscular injection by two different methods: Z- track and Air lock method. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 volunteer female nursing students were included. The subject was injected with one milliliter of sterilized water two times within 24 hours: the first injection by Z method and the second one by the Air lock method. The intensity of pain was measured two times by a scale graded from zero to ten. The results were compared by using descriptive statistics and independent t-test by SPSS 12 software. Results: Our findings showed that the mean of pain intensity in Z method was 1.80 ± 1.90, and raised to 3.13 ± 2.33 in Air lock method. Moreover, the intensity of pain in these two different methods had significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicated that the pain caused by Z method is less than the pain felt through Air lock method. With respecting to these results the Z method is proposed as preferred method for intramuscular injections.
Eiraj Feizi, Abbas Naghizadeh Baghi , Alireza Rahimi , Seddigheh Nemati,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Today obesity and depression are two important diseases which are growing all over the world and threat the human health. That how much these two affect each other is a major health question. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depression in female students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Method: In a descriptive study 230 female students were selected through classified random sampling and their height and weight were measured. To measure the rate of depression a Beck test, and to analyze the data a descriptive method, and finally to indicate the relationship between BMI and depression Pearson correlation through SPSS15 software were used. Results : 40% of the students in the depression test were in the normal level, 29% had mild depression, 24% moderate depression and 7% severe depression. In addition 77% of the students, regarding body mass index were in an acceptance level, 14% were overweight and 9% were underweight. Pearson correlation method showed that there was a positive significant relationship between BMI and depression among female students (p≤ 0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression in female students of university is 60% and the prevalence of obesity is 14% and there is positive significant relationship between BMI and depression.
Maryam Rafraf, Elaheh Mohammadi, Laya Farzadi, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Siyamak Sabour,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the major endocrine disorders among females. PCOS is associated with development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on glycemic status and high sensitive C-reactive protein in women with PCOS. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 61 PCOS patients. Subjects in ω-3 fatty acids (n=30) and placebo (n=31) groups take 4 ω-3 fatty acids capsules (each one contained 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg docosahexanoic acid) or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical measurments and food intakes were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results: ω-3 fatty acid supplementation caused significant decrease in serum levels of glucose, insulin (p < 0.001 for both) and insulin resistance (p = 0.002) at the end of the study in comparision with baseline values. This was also statistically significant compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant differences in serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein were obsereved in any of groups at the end of the study (p > 0.05). Conclusion: ω-3 fatty acid supplementation had some beneficial effects on glycemic status of PCOS patients and may be useful in prevention and control of metabolic conmplication of this syndrome.
Samira Rabiei , Fatemeh Sedaghat , Reza Rastmanesh,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Food consumption for its hedonic properties can result in caloric intake exceeding requirements and is considered as a major culprit in the rapidly increasing rate of obesity. We compared the dietary patterns and the hedonic questionnaire score in obese and non-obese women. We also investigated the relation between the score of this questionnaire and variety of food items. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 140 women aged 17-44 years that had referred to obesity club at district 4 of Tehran in 2011. Food intake and hedonic score were determined using validated semi-quantitative 168-item food frequency questionnaire and 21-item hedonic questionnaire, respectively. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between obesity and the dietary patterns identified by factor analysis and hedonic hunger score. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified as healthy and unhealthy patterns. The adjusted odds ratio of obesity didn’t show any significant trend in none of the dietary patterns. The mean hedonic questionnaire score was higher in case than control group, significantly (p<0.05). The adjusted odds ratio of obesity, for the second and the third tertiles of this questionnaire versus the first tertile of this, was 2.8 and 10.8, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that there is no difference between the dietary patterns of obese and nonobese women while there is a positive association between hedonic hunger and obesity. It seems that hedonic hunger may lead the obese women to consume unhealthy food choices.
Majid Mobasseri, Armin Sadeghi, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Samira Pourmoradian,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background: Obese patients are at high risk of numerous chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, dyslipidemia and stroke. Recently researchers focused on complementary medicine along with routine treatments to reduce obesity complications. Therefore we aimed to investigate the effects of omega 3 fatty acids supplementation on serum lipid profiles, C-peptide and fasting blood glucose in obese individuals. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial 56 obese volunteers with the mean age of 33.94±8.15 years were assigned into the supplemented (n=30) and placebo (n=26) groups, given two omega 3 fatty acids soft gel (360 mg EPA and 240 DHA) or placebo respectively for 4 weeks. At the onset and the end of the intervention, blood samples were collected after overnight fasting and serum lipid profiles, C-peptide and fasting blood glucose were measured. Data were analyzed with SPSS program and p-value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Results: In comparison with placebo group, omega 3 supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the mean triglyceride (108.37±11.22 mg/dl vs 148.84±59.40 mg/dl). After 4 weeks, the mean C-peptide concentrations increased in both groups but elevation in omega 3 group was more dramatic (p<0.01). However, we didn’t find any significant changes in the mean total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C levels. Conclusion: Our finding indicated that 4 weeks Omega 3 supplementation leads to amelioration in some of serum lipid profiles indices and insulin secretion in obese individuals. Although, further studies are needed to achieve precise results.
Fatemeh Hadadi, Azar Sabokbar, Mahrouz Dezfulian ,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Trichophyton rubrum is one of the most common pathogeniccause of dermatophytosis. One of the drugs which have been prescribed widely for fungal infections is terbinafine which belongs to allylamines group of antifungal agents. Recently molecular typing methods have been developed for answering the epidemiological questions and disease recurrence problems. Current study has been conducted on 22 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum obtained from patients randomly. Our aim was the investigation of correlation between genetic pattern and sensitivity to Terbinafine in clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum. Methods: Firstly the genus and species of isolated fungi from patients have been confirmed by macroscopic and microscopic methods, then, the resistance and sensitivity of isolates against drug have been determined using culture medium containing defined amount of drug. In next step fungal DNA has been extracted by RAPD-PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA) with random sequences of 3 primers. Results: Each primer produced different amplified pattern, and using each 3 primers differences have been observed in genetic pattern of resistant and sensitive samples using each 3 primers, but there was no bond with 100% specificity. Conclusion: The 12 sensitive isolates which didn’t grow in 0.1 mg concentration of drug, also had limited growth at the low concentration of drug. Ten resistant isolates which grew in 0.1mg/ml of drug, in lower concentration of drug were resisted. RAPD analysis for molecular typing of Trichophyton rubrum seems to be completely suitable.
Akbar Atadokht, Sajjad Basharpoor, Neda Rahimi, Elmira Nouri, Parviz Molavi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Chronic psychiatric patients not only become inactive members of community but also the heavy costs of their maintenance and rehabilitation burden on society and their family. According to importance of subject, this study aimed to investigate the role of percieved social support in predicting positive and negative syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 124 patients have been selected among patients with schizophrenia hospitalized in Issar Psychiatric Hospital and Rehabilitation Centers in first 3 mounths of 2014 in Ardabil, Iran and completed Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and a researcher made demographic checklist. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis on SPSS-16 software and P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 36.34±9.09 and their education level was mostly (58%) primary or illiterate. Results showed that there is a negative relationship between patients positive symptoms index and their family, some others and total social support (p<0.01) and also between negative symptoms index and patients friends, some others and total social support (p<0.05). Results of multivariate regression analysis showed that 11% of positive and negative symptom syndrome are explained by percieved social support in patients with schizophrenia (p<0.01). Conclusion: Percieved social support has relationship with positive and negative syndrome of patients with schizophrenia and measures to increase resources of social support and promotion of patients percieved social support can be used as an effective intervention by clinicians, patients and their family.
Hamidreza Rahimi , Mohsen Dehghani , Pirasteh Norouzi, Mojghan Fazli ,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Intestinal parasitic infections are the most health threatening agents around the world, developing countries in particular. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia and Enterobiusvermicularis among the children of kindergartens in Shahroud, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study from 811 children of 15 kindergartens fecal samples were collected by way of census in 2013. Thisworkwas conductedwith education of parentsandtheirfull consent . All samples were examined at Central Laboratory of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences based on formalin ethyl acetate method. In addition direct smear was also applied for the watery and loose samples. Finally, collected scotch tape samples were examined microscopically. Descriptive statistics indices including means , standard deviations, and frequencieswere used for reporting the results .
Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the children of Shahroud's kindergartens was 22.2%. Also, the prevalence of the infections among males and females were 24.1% and 20.4%, respectively. The highest prevalence of infections were belongs to Giardia lamblia and Endolimax nana (7.4 and 4.8%), respectively. Also, Trichomonashominis had the lowest prevalence (0.5%). Prevalence of infection caused by Enterobiusvermicularis was (2.1%), the average agesof children infected by Enterobiusvermicularis and Giardia were 5.1 and 4.7, respectively. There was no difference in order of parasites infection on the basis of gender.
Conclusion: The prevalence of infection caused by Enterobiusvermicularis among the children was considerably low. Also, the prevalence of Giardia lamblia was lower than the average of its prevalence in countrywide scale. Although the health services have been effectively enhanced, the prevalence of intestinal parasites, Giardia lamblia in particular, is still problematic.
F Hadadi, A Sabokbar, M Dezfulian , A Bakhtiari ,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Trichophyton rubrum is one of the most common pathogenic causes of dermatophytosis. One of the drugs prescribed for fungal infections is fluconazole which belongs to Azoles group of antifungal agents. Recently molecular typing methods have been developed for answering the epidemiological questions and disease recurrence problems. Current study has been conducted on 22 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum obtained from patients randomly. Our aim was the investigation of correlation between genetic pattern and sensitivity to Fluconazole in clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum .
Methods: Firstly the genus and species of isolated fungi from patients have been confirmed by macroscopic and microscopic methods. Then, the resistance and sensitivity of isolates against drug have been determined using culture medium containing defined amount of drug. In next step fungal DNA has been extracted by RAPD-PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA) with random sequences of 3 primers.
Results: Each primer produced different amplified pattern, and differences have been observed in genetic pattern of resistant and sensitive samples using each 3 primers, but there was no bond with 100% specificity.
Conclusion: The 12 sensitive isolates which didn’t grow in 50µg/ml concentration of drug, also had limited growth at the lower concentration of drug. Ten resistant isolates which grew in 50µg/ml of drug, also showed resistant to lower concentration of drug. There are differences in genetic pattern of resistant and sensitive samples. RAPD analysis for molecular typing of Trichophyton rubrum seems to be completely suitable.
A Naghizadeh Baghi , M Khanbabazadeh Ghadim , E Samari,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: The most obvious indicators of a country's growth and development are technological capabilities and its scientific research . Therefore, any attempt to clarify the status of research and facing obstacles is important. The aim of this study is to investigate the problems and obstacles of knowledge from the viewpoint of faculty members of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: In a descriptive and survey study, sample contains 126 faculty members in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were selected using Morgan and Krejcie table of sample size determination. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire with two parts, i.e. demographic information and the Questionnaire of Research Barriers by Sotoodehasl et al. (2014) including 39 items on a 5 point Likert Scale continuum. A One-Sample T-Test, an independent samples T-Test, and an ANOVA test were used for the data analysis.
Results: The mean of the area of problems related to preparation of research project and development was 2.86 which is less than the conceptual mean but is not statistically significant (p=0.056). However in the other three areas, i.e. the means of problems in the implementation of the project, administrative and managerial problems, and individual problems were greater than the conceptual mean and the differences were statistically significant (p≤0.05). The mean of questions in the four areas was 3.23 which is greater than the conceptual mean and the difference is also significant (p=0.001).
Conclusion: In the investigation of areas, the most important problems and research barriers from the viewpoint of faculty members are weak teamwork at the university, large bulk of work and different expectations from the faculty members and lack of proper research environment.
Mohsen Rahimi, Mehdi Mohseni, Hojjat Bostan, Sajjad Parsipour, Enayat Darabi , Tahere Mohammadzadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Parasitic infections are among important health problems all over the world especially in developing countries. Considering the epidemiological importance of parasitological diseases and necessity to evaluation the parasites prevalence in different areas and populations, current study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients admitted to the laboratories of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran.
Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study in which stool examination reports of all referred patients (70978) to central and emergency laboratories of Baqiyatallah hospital were evaluated during 2010-2014. In this course, at least one stool sample of patients was assessed by direct smear and formalin-ethyl acetate methods. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS 16. Chi-square test was used for comparison of the prevalence.
Results: From 70978 patients, 42421(59.77%) and 28557(40.23%) were male and female, respectively. From 2617 infected individuals, 1841(70.3%) and 776 (29.7%) were males and females, respectively. The prevalence of pathogen and non-pathogen intestinal parasites was 2283(87.23%) and 334(12.76%) respectively. Also the prevalence of intestinal helminthes and protozoa in infected population was 0.42% and 99.57%, respectively. Blastocystis hominis and then Giardia lamblia were the prevalent parasites.
Conclusion: In current study the prevalence of parasites is lower than those reported in other investigations. Differences in geographical location, sample size, duration and type of study (prospective or retrospective) and study population may be effective agents. The higher prevalence of "Blastocystis hominis" in comparison with other parasites can attract more attention to improve the quality of laboratory and clinical diagnosis of this protozoa
Maryam Fallah, Sajjad Basharpoor, Aboulfazl Bagheri ,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: One of the difficulties of community of dentists, especially dentists dealing with children, is the pain and fear of dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of systematic desensitization and distraction on reducing fear and pain in children with dental problems.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study designed with pretest-posttest multi groups according to control group. For this purpose, 45 children with dental problems referred to the dental clinic of Ardabil was selected and divided into three groups of 15 people: systematic desensitization (n=15), distraction (n=15) and control group (n=15). All of three groups answered to dental fears survey and numeric scale of pain as pre-test. Then, the therapeutic method of systematic desensitization and distraction was performed on two experimental groups. After completion of the treatments, three groups answered to dental fear survey and numeric scale of pain. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for the analysis of the data.
Results: The results showed a significant difference in the score of post-test between three groups in pain (F=197.27; p<0.001) anddental fear (F=178.36; p<0.001). LSD post hoc test results showed that systematic desensitization method was more effective in reduction of pain and the distraction method was more affective in reduction of dental fear.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that psychological interventions of distracting and systematic desensitization can be used to reduce fear and pain at pediatric clinics.
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