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Showing 10 results for Prevalence
Maziyar Hashemilar , Nayereh Aminisani , Darioush Savadi Oskoui , Mahzad Yosefian ,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Studying the epidemiology and impact of headache can help improve patient care, estimation of burden of disease and classification systems. Migraine is common worldwide and has a geographically variable prevalence in the world. Moreover, its peak of incidence is the age of 20-30. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of migraine among the medical students in order to plan for future health interferences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 631 students filled out a questionnaire designed according to the criteria of the international headache society. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (release 12) and descriptive statistics. Results: 76.6% of the subjects were female and 23.4% of them were male. The females were 20.6 and males were 21.4 years old on average. The total prevalence of migraine was 7.3% (1.6% with aura, 5.4% without aura and 0.3% with both of them). Moreover, females, single subjects and students of medicine, except the migraine with aura that was more prevalent among students of associate degrees. A positive family history of headache was found in 45.6% of the students. 65.2% of those suffering from migraine had not referred to a physician and were unaware of their headache. Conclusions: Compared to similar researches there is a low prevalence of migraine among the students but most of the students do not take measures to cape with and treat them in the proper manner. This requires necessary health interferences.
Ali Majidpour, Yosof Hamidzadeh Arbaby, Nateg Abbasgholizadeh , Esmaeil Salehy,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Authorities and scholars believe that determining cigarette smoking status of individuals and groups and finding reasons of smoking plays an important role in manipulating and facing with this dirty habit. The present study is an attempt to determine the rate of prevalence and the causes inducing smoking among students of Ardabil university of medical sciences. Methods:This survey was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Of 1300 medical sciences students, 1106 ones volunteered to participate in this study. The data were collected using a questionnaire and were analyzed in SPSS. Results: 154 students (13.9%) had experienced cigarette smoking previously and 82 students (7.2%) were already a smoker. Intimacy with smokers, self-gratification and acquiring enjoyment, educational failures, vague future career and smoking for entertainment were the most important factors inducing smoking. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking prevalence rate in this study was relatively low in comparison with similar studies. However, regarding the critical social status of these students, some serious measures should be taken to inform them about the dangers of smoking and at the some time some facilities should be provided for students, which can be of great help in this regard.
Soltanali Mahboob, Majid Mohamad Shahi , Abolhasan Shakeri, Alireza Ostad Rahimi , Seyedjamal Ghaem Maghami , Fatemeh Haidari,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (6-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Goiter prevalence in school age children is an indicator of the severity of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDS) in the society and a goiter prevalence ≥5 % in school age children indicates a public health problem. In area of mild to moderate IDDS, measurement of thyroid volume by ultrasonography through observation is preferrable to population for grading goiter. Considering the importace of this issue, because of being mountainous and lack of this method's application for determining the incidence of goiter this study was desinged. Methods: In this descriptive – analytical study, thyroid volumes of 230 boys between 12 to 15 years old were measured by portable ultrasonograph in Tabriz. Also urinary iodine concentrations were determined by method A (Sandell-kolthoff reaction). Results: Mean of subjects’ thyroid volume was 8.12 ±2.21 ml and with latest references of Iran and WHO/NHD, goiter prevalence was taken based age 51.7 % and based surface body 81.1 %. Urinary iodine median of tested samples was 15.2µg/dl and iodine deficiency prevalence was 29.1 % . There was no significant correlation between urinary iodine and thyroid volume. Conclusion: Large thyroid volume of middle school boys in Tabriz is probably due to iodine intake deficiency in the first years of their life. Also, the role of goitrogenic factors and effect of climate condition on thyroid volume and goiter prevalence of middle school boys in Tabriz shouldn't be ignored. Further studies are recommended for determination of a local reference for thyroid volume Also it is necessary to be sure from consumption of iodine salt and its standardization.
Asghar Mohammadpooras, Ali Fakhari , Fatemeh Rostami , Rezagholi Vahidi, Saeid Dastgiri ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Limited information is available on adolescent’s substance abuse in Iran. The aim of this study is to estimate prevalence of substance abuse among the sample of sophomore male students in Tabriz city, and to evaluate the associated factors. Methods: Of all sophomore male students in Tabriz, 1785(13.7%) were randomly sampled, and a self-administered questionnaire with 48 questions was distributed to students in February and March 2005. The questions aimed to obtain information on substance abuse, smoking, self-confidence, tendency toward smoking and risk-taking behaviors as well as demographic information. The influence of different factors on substance abuse was evaluated with a logistic regression model. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 16.3±0.87 (min. 15, max. 19) years. Among 1785 students 226(12.7%) had the experience of taking alcohol and 36(2.0%) had used substances. The results indicate that, older age (OR= 1.55), having general risk taking behavior (OR= 1.70), higher smoking stage (OR= 3.70), having masochism (OR= 1.22), high socioeconomic class (OR= 1.62), and use of illicit substances (OR= 5.72) were factors associated with prevalence of the use of alcohol. Also higher smoking stage (OR= 3.26), high socioeconomic class (OR= 1.52), and the use of alcohol (OR= 7.81) were factors associated with prevalence of the use of substances. Conclusion: This study showed the low prevalence of substance abuse, and determined some of its risk factors among students. This study may be supportive of interventions that target multiple behaviors. The findings of this study is important for public health officials however, more studies are necessary to generalize the findings.
Roya Motavalli, Leila Alizadeh, Maryam Namadi Vosoughi, Samira Shahbazzadegan,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Induced and unhealthy abortion is common condition in the worldwide, particularly in developing countries as Iran which accompanies with maternal mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to obtain the prevalence, risk factors and complications of induced abortion. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted in 1200 women, who referred to health centers of Ardabil. The eligible participants were included by random sampling. We used a prepared questionnaire with questions on demographic characteristics, pregnancy history and contraception methods. To determine the validity and reliability of questionnaire the content validity and re-test methods were used respectively. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software (pakage 16) using t-test and chi-square. Results: The prevalence of induced abortion was 8.3%. The main reason was represented having desired number of children. Other reasons were economic hardship situation, low pregnancy interval, undesirable fetus gender, parents age, academic education and occupation of mother and increased duration of being married (p<0.0001). The complication of induced abortion were vaginal bleeding (70/5%), bleeding and infection (7/4%), and hospitalization (49/5%). Conclusion: According to the results of this research it is expected that authorities and health personnel detect the high risk group of society and present necessary education and individual consultations to more awareness and change their attitude and beliefs on acute complication resulted from induced abortion.
Fariba Sadeghi Movahed, Parviz Molavi , Mehdi Samadzadeh, Bita Shahbazzadegan , Raheleh Askari Moghadam ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a heredity and psychological disorder that often continues to adulthood and causes great number of emotional, social, educational and occupational problem for college students. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ADHD among students residing in the dormitory of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross sectional study, all students in the dormitory of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were included. They filled the Self reporting Conner’s ADHD questionnaires. Data were extracted and analyzed with SPSS. Results: During this study, the prevalence of ADHD was 8.6 percent. The males show more involvement rate than females. The students with ADHD showed more incidences of smoking and psychotropic drug consumption. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of ADHD among the college students, early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD seems to be necessary.
Saeideh Asdagh, Sara Nuroloyuni, Firooz Amani, Tarlan Sadeghimazidi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Dental caries is one of the most chronic diseases in children. Various factors were effective in incidence andprevalence of dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine the dental caries prevalence among 6-12 yearsold school children in Ardabil city.
Methods : In this descriptive–cross sectional study a total of 847 school children (444 girls and 403 boys) were randomly selected from public and private schools in all over of Ardabil city.Clinical examination of children have been done for dental caries according to world health organization (WHO) criteria including determination of DMFT, dmft, DMFS and dental caries prevalence. Data were analysedin SPSS.16 by statistical methods.
Results: Total prevalence of dental caries was 79.7% in children with 71.1 % in permanent and 88.3 % in primary dentition. The mean of dmft, DMFT, DMFS indexes were 2.74± 0.09, 1.6±0.1, and 3.5± 0.1, repectively.Results showed that there was a significant relation between DMFT, dmft and DMFS and age group.
Conclusion : Results showed that the dental caries prevalence among 6-12 years-old school children in Ardabil city was higher than the world standard. Therefore, improving the existing dental services, programing and performing education, prevention and treatment programs for oral health between school children seems tobe necessary in the future.
Parviz Molavi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Ali Khaleghi, Mehryar , Nadr Mohammadi Moghadam ,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Considering the importance of prevalence studies in disease management, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Ardabil province.
Methods: In this study, 1035 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 were selected using cluster random sampling and examined with a digital version of the K-SADS in terms of psychiatric disorders. In the present work, 24 types of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents were evaluated. Sampling was done in the general population and interviews were conducted at the door of the house. Assessments were carried out by experienced psychologists. The point and interval prevalence (with 95% confidence interval) were calculated for disorders. Data were analyzed using SPSS ( v.22) software.
Results: Hyperactivity, oppositional defiant, enuresis, and separation anxiety disorders had the highest prevalence in the studied sample. In contrast, psychosis, autism and panic disorders had the lowest prevalence. Depression had a moderate prevalence (1.7%) among other disorders. The overall prevalence of disturbances was 31.7%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Ardabil children and adolescents was high. According to this rate, etiologic studies are necessarily needed for disorders with have high prevalence and health systems should design and manage preventive plans for the general public.
Ms Shadi Sabetghadam, Afsaneh Keramat, Mina Malary, Sedighe Rezaie Chamani,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Abstract
Introduction & objectives: Vaginismus is an uncontrolled contraction of the outer third muscle of the vagina that prevents intercourse. Based on the DSM-V-TR system, this disorder is associated with dyspareunia and "Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder". The purpose of this overview was to summarize population-based studies that reported the prevalence of vaginismus in the general population and to discover the discrepancies between studies.
Methods: This systematic review study was conducted on published articles on the prevalence of vaginismus in the world and in English. In selecting the articles, the keywords including Vaginismus, Prevalence, Incidence, Sexual Dysfunction, Genito-Pelvic Pain, Penetration Disorder with all possible combinations were systematically searched in the google scholar, science direct, PubMed, Cochrane databases. No search time limit was set to retrieve all relevant articles published by September 21, 2018.
Results: Of the 10 studies, 4 articles reported prevalence of vaginismus in the general population. In selected studies, the incidence of vaginismus in the general population of women was reported 0.4% to 8%.
Conclusion: Different prevalence rates have been reported in different studies for vaginismus. In this review study, it was not possible to Meta-analyze and determines the overall prevalence due to the heterogeneity of the prevalence reports and different study methods.
Saba Ramezanzadeh, Golam Reza Barzegar, Hamid Oveisi Oskouei, Majid Pirestani, Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei, Farzaneh Jafarian, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Opportunistic pathogens such as Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, Blastocystis, etc. cause various gastrointestinal and non-digestive diseases in people with HIV. These symptoms are especially severe in people with HIV who have a CD4 count of less than 200. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections in people living with HIV in Tabriz.
Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on137 people with HIV referred to Behavioral Disease Counseling Centers in Tabriz, 2019-2021. Then, after receiving written consent, fecal samples were collected and evaluated for the detection of parasitic infections using direct methods, Ziehl-Neelsen and Trichrome Weber stain.
Results: A total of 137 stool samples were collected, including 93 males and 44 females. Most of them were in the age range of 20-60 years. The overall frequency of parasitic infections was 57.7% and the highest prevalence was related to Blastocystis 24.1% and Cryptosporidium 14.6%.
Conclusion: Due to the relatively high prevalence of parasitic infections, especially Blastocystis and Cryptosporidium in people with HIV in Tabriz, which can endanger the health of these patients, essential interventions, including personal hygiene training to control and prevent infection with these pathogens, seem to be necessary.
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