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Showing 17 results for Pregnancy
Abbas Aflatoonian,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2003)
Abstract
Background & Objective : Even though the medical sciences have developed increasingly, ectopic pregnancy is still an important cause of maternal mortality. Despite many researches on medical therapy of ectopic pregnancy (EP), surgery is still the first management of patients with EP. Most of these patients have become pregnant for the first time and keeping their fertility in the future is very important. Surgery especially salpangectomy can do nothing to keep this fertility. It seems that efficacy of medical therapy of EP, especially in Iran is unknown. This research was conducted to determine the efficacy of medical therapy of EP with Methotrexate in some patients. Methods: In a prospective uncontrolled clinical trial study 26 patients with EP were hospitalized in Yazd Madar hospital. Six of them did not have any indications of medical therapy and were treated surgically.20 patients were treated with Methotrexate considering all the requirements. These patients received Methotrexate 1mg/kg daily. For the prevention of side effects, folinic acid with a dose of 0.1 Methotrexate was given. The efficacy of treatment was determined afterwards with the serial measuring of serum level. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square test and SPSS software. Results: The average age of these patients was 27.19 years and most of them had spotting as a symptom. They had been married for 6.9 years on average and most of these patients (42.3%) were experiencing their first pregnancy. Fourteen patients (53.8%) had a history of infertility and 26.9% had a history of abortion. 50% had experienced a previous abdominal surgery. Four patients had recurrent EP and the average of gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 6.2 weeks. Finally fifteen patients (75%) were treated successfully. Four out of five patients, who had a failed medical treatment, had a serum level higher than 1000 IU/L. Five out of eight patients, (62.5%) who were followed, experienced normal intrauterine pregnancy after one year of treatment. Conclusions: Medical therapy of Ectopic pregnancy with Methotrexate seems to be safe and effective but when serum level exceeds 1000 IU/L it is less likely to succeed.
Soheila Rabiey Poor , Shohreh Afshar Yavari ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Smoking is one of the major problems in the world today. It threatens people ’ s health. Pregnant women are no exception in this regard. Today, it is found that smoker women bear low birth weight babies, but the studies don ’ t offer clear findings about passive smoking in pregnancy and its effect on weight and height of newborns. This study is an attempt to determine the effects of passive smoking on the weight and height of the newborn babies. M ethods : This was a retrospective cohort study. We studied 100 pregnant mothers who were exposed to cigarette smoke and 100 others who were not. A checklist was completed in order to select those who could enter the study. A questionnaire was then filled out for both groups including the information related to the newborns ’ physical specifications. Results: This study showed that the average age of the mothers, their education, their husband ’ s education, number of pregnancies and the sex of babies born weren ’ t meaningfully different between the two groups. In the case group the mothers were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2.36 ± 2.28 hours on average and most of them (72%) were exposed to their husbands ’ cigarette smoke. The findings also indicated that difference in weight, height and head circumference among two groups ’ newborns were 11 grams, 0.15 cm and 0.02 cm respectively. The T-test indicated no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The study showed that the newborns ’ of mothers exposed to the smoke had lower weigh, height and head circumference than the babies ’ of the control group subjects although the difference was not statistically significant.
Abbas Aflatoonian , Hajar Hojat , Nasim Tabibnejad,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. 10% of maternal death is due to EP and only one-third of women with previous ruptured ectopic pregnancy could have a normal delivery in future. Research about prevalence and risk factors of this kind of pregnancy, could help early diagnosis and treatment of EP and improve the prognosis of fertility rate in the future. Methods: In this retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study, seventy-two patients with EP diagnosis admitted and treated in Yazd hospitals were studied. The data were collected using a questionnaire and hospital records. Sonography and laparoscopy confirmed the diagnosis. The data were analyzed by SPSS using Chi-Square test. Results: 11176 pregnancies were recorded in Yazd between March 1999 and March 2000 and seventy-two of these pregnancies were ectopic. So prevalence of EC in yazd was found to be 0.5%. Most of the patients (58 cuses) were 20 to 39 years old. 52.8% of the patients had primipar. 25% had a history of one to three times abortion. From 43 patients who used contraceptive, 19 ones used OCP (oral contraceptive). 39 patients had a history of previous surgery, 7 patients had a history of EP and 25 patients had a history of treatment of infertility. The most common symptom of patients was abdominal pain. Only 4 out of 72 patients were treated with a medical method using methotraxe and the rest of them were operated. Three out of these four patients were finally obliged to undertake surgery. Conclusion: The prevalence of EP was 0.5%, which is lower than the national scale.
Fariba Kahnamoei Aghdam , Mohammad Ali Mohammadi, Bahrooz Dadkhah, Firooz Asadzadeh , Melina Afshinmehr,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (6-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Unwanted pregnancy is a general and worldwide issue that has an impact on not only the women but the families and societies as well. It may be caused by a failure to use contraceptive methods and paying less attention to family planning methods. This may result in negative effects on community health. This study is an attempt in this regard. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study 600 pregnant women referring to health care centers in Ardabil were selected through cluster sampling (5 clusters). The data were collected in the form of questionnaires filled in by the researchers interviewing the subjects. These data were then analysed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The subjects ranged between 13 to 44 years old (Mean=25.13). Among them 93.5% were housewives and 18.5% were illiterate. Majority of them (72%) wanted to have two children. 30.8% of the present pregnancies were unwanted and 11.2% of the women had the experience before. Age average in unintentionally pregnant women was greater than that of intentionally pregnant ones (28.5 and 23.7 years old respectively). This difference was statistically significant. 75.7% of the unwanted pregnancies had happened despite using family planning methods. The rate of unwanted pregnancy among illiterate women was significantly greater than that among the educated ones (52.34% and 26.7% respectively). Also there was a significant relationship between the type of pregnancy on the one hand and the husbands’ education and the wife’s employment on the other (P<0.0001). Conclusion: With regard to 30.8% prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and irregular use of contraceptive methods, it can be claimed that training the pregnant women and providing them with necessary information have been insufficient. It seems necessary to teach them the methods of contraception and follow them up.
Sarie Golmohamadloo , Farzane Broomand, Mitra Asadi Afshar ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Unintended pregnancy is a worldwide problem. Despite abundant efforts by lranian family planning authorities during the last decade, unintended pregnancy and its consequences such as infected abortions is still a common problem. The aim of this descriptive study was to examine the causes of unintended pregnancy in Kosar Hospital, Urmia. M e thods : In this descriptive-analytical study the data were collected from 330 unintendedly pregnant women (out of 1830 pegnant women) visiting gynecology unit at Koshar Hospital in Urmia in 1999. These subjects were interviewed to fill out a questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS using t-test and Chi-square. Results: 83.6% of the cases were illiterate and 96.36% were housewives. 59.69% of the cases were above 30 79.09% had 3 or more children. The subjects used the following prophylaxy. Methods: thads. Pills (40%), withdrawal (25.5%), IUD (10%), injection (6.4%), minipills (4.5%), condom (3.6%) breast feeding (2.7%), rhythmic (0.9%) and tubectomy (0.6%). The remaining 5.8% had not used any prevention methods. We found a significant correlation between aging and number of unwanted pregnancies (P<0.0001 r = 0.44) and a negative meaningful correlation between literacy and rate of pregnancy (P<0.0001 r = 0.39). Reasons for failure were irregular use of pills, minipills or condom (90% each), unfamiliarity with prevention affter forgetting to take the pill (0.77%), IUD extraction, interrupted use of DMPA method and incorrect use of breast feeding method. Conclusion: This study reveals that desptie available prevention methods, due to lack of knowledge irregular use and misconceptions about complications of prevention methods, the subjects used unreliable methods which are more likely to lead to failure. Therefore, new measures should be taken in family planning centers to increase awareness among women concerning risk of unitended pregnancy.
Fariba Kahnamouei, Mohammadali Mohammadi, Farideh Mostafazadeh, Afshar Ebrahimi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (6-2007)
Abstract
Backgrond & Objectives: Oligohydramnios is a disorder which is followed by unpleasant outcomes for fetus that can lead to termination of pregnancy before term and preterm delivery. For these patients' increase in gestational period and prevention of preterm delivery is the most important act. In this study the effect of intravenous and oral hydration therapy in increasing duration of gestation in patient with oligohydramnios was evaluated. Methods: In this study, the population was devided into two case and control groups with 30 female individual who were found to have oligohydramnios in course of hospital admission according to on sonographic results. Patients were randomly put in case or control groups. Case group were given 3-4 liter normal salin for 1 week and then were given oral hydration solution until the end of pregnancy, In each group whenever it was found that pregnancy was not possible the pregnancy continuance was stopped. Data collection was through history, physical examination completing relevant questionnaire and findings of sonography and in order to see the relationship among finding s, kitest and t-test from SPSS software were used. Results: The age means of case and control groups were 25 and 24 respectively. The mean of pregnancy duration from the diagnosis time in case group was 30.2 weeks and in control group 31.8 weeks. The mean of pregnancy terminatior in case group was 34.6 weeks and in control group 34.2. In increasing duration of pregnancy in case and control group. It was concluded that intravenous and oral Hydration therapy cause incerease in duration of pregnancy in patients suffering from oligo Hydraminos. According to the results of this study and significance of the difference.
Giti Ozgoli , Samra Shahbazzadegan, Nayer Rassaian , Hamid Alave Majd,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : nausea and vomiting is one the most common problem during pregnancy. There are several reports about treating effect of acupressure for nausea and vomiting. Our propose was to investigate of p6 acupressure in reducing and relieving of symptoms of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Methods : A single blind clinical trial has been conducted in order to examine the effect of P6 acupressure on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in women referring to health center of Ardebil at 2005. 75 women complained of nausea and vomiting after being matched on the basis of the intensity of nausea and vomiting and pregnancy period were invited to participate in the study. Subjects were divided into three groups of treatment, placebo, and control (25 persons in each group), accidentally. Women in treatment group use acupressure wristbands with pressure to P6 acu-point, in placebo group use acupressure wristbands without pressure to P6 and control with no intervention. The symptoms were evaluated for 6 days and twice daily using a questionnaire inspired by Rhodes Inventory of Nausea and Vomiting. In the first 3 days all there groups equally filled the questionnaire and in the second 3days the treatment and placebo groups filled there out. Data of frequency, duration, and severity of nausea and frequency of vomiting were analyzed by Analysis of variance and Wilcoxon means were compared with Tukey and Kruskal-wallis tests. Results: Analysis revealed that the participants in three groups didn't have significant differences in regard to age (treatment 24.3 ±3.9 , placebo 24.9 ±4.3 , control 25.4 ± 3.3 year), gestational age (treatment 12.4 ±2.8 , placebo 12.9 ± 3.1, control 12.4 ±2.8 week) number of parity (treatment 1.7, placebo 1.6, control 1.4 times) education, job, number of pregnancy. The mean score of nausea severity decreased from 25.1 ±18.6 to 12.0 ±11.0 in treatment group, from 22.8 ± 14.6 to 16.1 ±12.31 in placebo group but increased from 16.3 ± 7.48to 17.5 ±8.92 in control group. The mean of vomiting frequency also decreased from 3.1 ± 3.33 to 1.5 ±1.66 and from 3.1 ± 4.30 to 1.9 ±3.68 in treatment and placebo group, respectively but its value changed from 1.2 ± 2.2 to 1.4 ± 1.4 in control group. Differences between pre-treatment and treatment period of nausea and vomiting symptoms was not significant in treatment group than placebo groups (p<0.043) and it was more in the placebo compared to control group (p<0.009). Comparing of means in treatment and placebo groups showed significant difference in nausea frequency and severity but not significant differences in duration of nausea and frequency of vomiting. Conclusion: P6 acupressure wristband is effective in the treatment compared to control and placebo for reduction of severity, duration and frequency of nausea and frequency of vomiting. The wristband without pressure to P6 acu-point also is affected in reducing nausea and vomiting symptoms but its effect is lower than P6 wristband.
Fariba Sadeghi Movahhed , Farideh Mostafazadeh, Mehrnaz Mashoufi ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common disease in psychiatry which increases anxiety in approximately 2% of the world population. Recent reports suggest that OCD starts in menstruation, Pregnancy, post-partum periods which causes failure in women's quality of life. The aim of study was to determine the onset of (OCD) in fertile women. Methods: In a descriptive study in 2006, 53 women with DSM-IV were interviewed for obsessive disorder at psychiatry clinic of Fatemi hospital. A questionnaire including two parts on demographic information and 8 questions on the onset of obsessive disorder in menstruation, pregnancy, puerperium periods was completed. Data were analyzed through SPSS. Results: In 3.8%, the onset of obsessive disorder was with the first menstruation period. In 12.5% it was during pregnancy. In 57.1% (4) of obsessive samples onset of obsessive was in second pregnancy. In 16.24% onset of OCD was after delivery. In 28.8% it was after first delivery and 30% after first delivery had affective disorders. Conclusion: The menstruation, pregnancy, post partum may be a periods of risk for recurrence or onset of obsessive compulsive disorder and women should be taken care of more in order to avoid disorders like depression. Midwife clinicians caring for women need to be aware of the impact of these symptoms and attention for mental health in women.
Farahnaz Seddighian , Haiedeh Samiai , Haiedeh Seddighian F, Bs1; Samiai H, Md2; Alaoddolehei ,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (6-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: During pregnancy, Hb and Hct are reduced, because of increase in maternal plasma volume. Pregnant women need more iron, because of the increase in blood volume, blood cells, the growth of fetus and placenta, iron supplementation is performed. This study, measured blood index after different doses of iron supplement prescribed in healthy pregnant women in order to prevent excessive iron intake. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 150 healthy pregnant women were selected who were divided in to two groups. One group took daily (as control) and the other intermittent (as case=3 times in week) iron supplement from the second trimester. Blood samples of all cases in the first second an third trimester were analysed for complete blood counts (CBC). The Data were analysed by SPSS. Results: The reduction of Hb, HcT and RBC at second trimester was significant compared to the first (p<0.05). This difference was not significant among two groups concerning the blood index. Conclusion: Since there was no significant difference in blood index among the case and control groups, so, to prevent the side effects of iron over load, it’s recommended, to use intermittent iron supplement in healthy pregnant women.
Roghaiyeh Bayrami , Niloofar Sattarzade, Fatemeh Ranjbar Koocheksarai , Mohammad Zakariya Pezeshki ,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Pregnancy is one of the most sensitive periods of lifetime and married life and sexuality may bring about numerous physical and psychological changes. Lack of attention to sexual matters during pregnancy may cause sexual dysfunction in each of couples. The aim of this study was identifying male sexual behavior and its relevant factors during the partner’s pregnancy. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study in which 350 men, whose wives were pregnant, were selected in two stratified stages. The instrument for data collection was Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale- male questionnaire. All data were analyzed by SPSS11.5. Descriptive information was used for describing the frequencies and also the x2 test was used for determining relation ship among variables. Results: The findings revealed that 21.3% of men in the first trimester, 19.3 in the second and 28.3 in the third trimester had sexual dysfunction. In each trimester, inability to reach orgasm was the most common sexual dysfunction in men. Frequency of vaginal coitus decreased in 64.9% of men and in 46.6 % of them fear from risk for fetus health during vaginal coitus was the essential reason for this reduction. There were significant differences between sexual dysfunction and fear from risk for fetus health and guilt feeling of sexual activity. Therefore decreased vaginal coitus caused sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: As men’s knowledge and attitudes about sexuality affect their sexual behavior during pregnancy it is crucial to provide proper consultation regarding sexual relations in prenatal care services.
Shahram Habibzadeh , Mohsen Arzanlou , Elham Jannati , Mahdi Asmar, Mahnaz Azari , Zahra Fardiazar,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : The early-onset form of GBS (Group B Streptococci) disease typically occurs in the first 24 hours of life, with fulminant sepsis or pneumonia and has associated to high mortality (5-20 %) and morbidity. In prenatal infections GBS is transmitted vertically to the newborn during labor and delivery from the vagina of a typically asymptomatic colonized woman. Preventive strategies can be done with screening program and this study has been done for determination of carriage prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of GBS in pregnant women of Ardabil. Methods :For determination of carriageprevalence 420 pregnant women selected stratified proportionally from 11 clusters of obstetric clinics of Ardabil. Sampling was done in pregnant women at 35-37 weeks' gestation with a vaginal and rectal swab for culture. Swabs were inoculated into a selective broth medium (Todd-Hewitt broth with colistin, 10mg/L and nalidixic acid 15 mg/L = LIM broth), incubated overnight at 35-37°C, and subcultured onto sheep blood agar. Isolated bacteria identified by standard microbiological tests. Results: Out of 420 subjects 62 positive cultures were established (14.8%), 19 of them (4.5%) from anus, 19 of them (4.5%) from vagina and 24 of them (5.8%) from both. All of isolates were sensitive to Ampicillin and Vancomycin. There were 1 case of resistance 15 case of semi sensitivity and 46 cases of sensitive versus Erythromycin, these pattern also checked for Clindamycin, and results were respectively 11, 5, 46. All isolated GBS were sensitive to penicillin among them 3 (4.83%) isolates showed reduced susceptibility. Conclusion: Because of high prevalence rate we recommend screening of all pregnant women for Group B Streptococcus at 35-37 weeks' gestation with a vaginal and rectal swab. Based on antibiogram drug of choice for treatment is Ampicillin, and in cases of drug hypersensitivity Vancomycin may be choice.
Gity Rahimi , Zahra Tazakori , Niloofar Shateri ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Preeclapsmia representing as one of the most important complications of pregnancy, affects up to 8% of all pregnancies nevertheless little has been known about its etiology. It is, however, generally accepted that the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is related to systemic maternal endothelial dysfunction. Homocysteine, a cytotoxic compound, adversely affects the endothelial system. Main objective of this study was to assess plasma levels of homocysteine in women with normal pregnancies and those who suffering from preeclapsmia . Methods: A case –control study was designed for 165 preeclamptic patients and 165 normal cases. Controls were matched for gestational age and age of mothers. Blood samples were obtained from patients attending Alavi hospital in Ardabil (after 6-8 hour NPO). Two milliliters blood was collected in tubes containing ice bag stored ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and homocysteine level was analyzed. Results: Mean levels of homocysteine were elevated in the preeclamptic cases compared to control group (7.4±3.3 vs. 4.09±2.3 _mmol/l, P < 0.001) the levels of BMI and Arms sizes have been shown to be different statistically in two groups and other variables revealed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion:It is concluded that in our study homocysteine Levels, BMI and Arms sizes are signiffantly effected patients with preeclampsia compared with control group and can increase the risk of developing severe side effect to mothers and neonates.
Maryam Nematollahzade , Raziyeh Maasoumi , Meynoor Lamyian, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Pregnancy accompanies with physical and psychological alternation during woman's life. These changes effluence the overall dimensions of couple’s life especially sexual relation. The aim of this study was to investigate the women’s attitude and sexual function during pregnancy. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 329 healthy pregnant women aged 15-45 years. The attitude and sexual function of the cases were studied based on their gestational age (the last fourth weeks of each pregnancy trimester) in three groups. Data were collected using an instrument. The instrument has three parts including demographic characteristics, attitude assessment and Arizona Sexual Scale Experience (ASEX). One way ANOVA, Post hoc, chi square and Spearman correlation were used for data analysis and the differences were considered to be significant at the p<0.05 level. Results: The results showed that the score of sexual dysfunction, sexual desire disorder and orgasmic disorder increase with gestational age development. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relation between total score of sexual function disorder and decrease of sexual attraction in all three trimesters (p=0.01, p=0.04, p=0.03 respectively) and fear of prematurity in the second trimester (p=0.01). Conclusion: According to the results sexual function disorder has a high frequency in pregnancy. The findings emphasize the need for educational programs to improve the Sexual functions during prenatal care.
Fariba Kahnamuie Agdam , Haleh Shahlazadeh , Mina Ataee ,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (1-2014)
Abstract
Primary Extra nodular non-Hodgkin lymphoma during pregnancy is rare with occurrence rate of 0.8 in 100000 pregnancy. In this report, the case of a 19-year-old woman during week 14 of her intrauterine pregnancy with primary extra nodular non-Hodgkin lymphoma is described. The staging consisted with thyroid open biopsy. After induced abortion the subject underwent chemotherapy with CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) for 6 cycles.
Saeid Dabagh Nikukheslat , Gholamreza Hamidian, Mostafa Khani , Saeid Fathollahi, Roghaye Jolusian,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background & objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance swimming exercise training on structural remodeling (volume and parenchymal cell number) and apoptotic index of adrenal gland in pregnant rats exposed to cadmium poisoning.
Methods: A total of 32 pregnant rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were randomly divided into four groups of control, cadmium, swimming, and cadmium-swimming. Cadmium dissolved in drinking water was administered to treatment groups, available ad libitum during pregnancy. Swimming exercises 5 days/week and 60 min/day were performed from the first day of gestation until the end of the period. Two days after delivery, the mothers were sacrificed and their adrenal glands were removed. After stabilizing the samples, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and TUNEL assay were performed, and the number of necrotic and apoptotic cells in 10 microscopic fields was counted randomly. The size of various regions of the adrenal gland and total number of parenchymal cells were estimated using stereological methods. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA under SPSS software (version 21).
Results: Cadmium poisoning caused extensive bleeding and tissue destruction in the adrenal gland of the pregnant mothers, but endurance training reduced the amount of bleeding. Cadmium poisoning during pregnancy decreased the total volume of the gland, the volume of the cortical part and its different layers as well as the number, size and function of parenchymal cells in all three cortical zones, especially the fasciculata zone. Performing swimming exercise training in this condition worsened the structural state of the gland and led to a further reduction in the number of parenchymal cells within all three parts of the adrenal gland.
Conclusion: Exercise training in determined intensity increased the structural and morphological complications of cadmium toxicity in the adrenal gland of pregnant rats. So, pregnant mothers are advised to use low-intensity exercises and trainings.
Mandana Mansourghanaie, Ehsan Kazemnejad , Seyed Alaadin Asgari, Neda Azadian ,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Evaluation of liver and renal function before and after administration of methotrexate (MTX) is recommended in the treatment of molar pregnancy, but the necessity of performing these tests during treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP) is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of creatinine and AST levels before and after treatment with double (DD) and multiple (MD) doses of MTX in patients with Ep.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study performed on 152 patients with an EP during 2007-2013 in Al-Zahra hospital (Rasht). Seventy six patients received DD and 76 cases were treated with MD of MTX. The success rate, side effects of MTX and changes in creatinine and AST levels were compared between the two groups.
Results: The mean changes in creatinine level was 0.06±0.08 and 0.16±0.13 in DD and MD groups, respectively and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.002). The mean changes in AST level was 5.06±2.47 and 9.63±5.5 in DD and MD groups, respectively which was statistically significant (p=0.002). The success rates were 65.8% and 86.8% in DD and MD groups, respectively with statistically significant difference (p=0.002). The side effects rates were 13.2% and 32.9% in DD and MD groups, respectively with statistically significant difference (p=0.004).
Conclusion: It seems that administration of MD of MTX in EP patients leads to an increase in success rate of treatment but also it causes considerable increase in creatinine and AST levels.
Marziyeh Avazeh, Mr Nasib Babaei, Kobra Valipour Heagi, Ehsan Allah Kalteh, Tohid Masumi Saray,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Gestational diabetes is one of the most common medical problems during pregnancy, which has many negative consequences for mother and fetus. Knowledge of women about gestational diabetes and educational planning based on needs assessment can be effective for early diagnosis and reduction of possible complications of gestational diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the educational needs of diabetic pregnant mothers in Meshgin health centers in 2018.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted by- census on 689 pregnant women referring to Meshgin health centers in the spring and summer of 2018. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire of Hashemi-Beni and colleagues (2015) including three parts: demographic information, knowledge and educational needs assessment for mothers with gestational diabetes. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.
Results: The mean age of pregnant women participating in the study was 26.94±6.22 years, with an average gestational age of 24.36±9.18 weeks. 22 persons of 689 pregnant women were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and the prevalence of gestational diabetes was 3.2%. The mean score of knowledge of diabetic pregnant mothers about gestational diabetes questions was 9.95±3.79 out of 13. In all items of gestational diabetes, at least one third of diabetic mothers reported need for education.
Conclusions: Diabetic pregnant mothers, despite of high knowledge about gestational diabetes, still need to be trained in this regard. Therefore, it is necessary to hold leveled training courses to complete the information of mothers for better care of themselves
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