Background & Objectives: Pneumonia is one of the most fatal infectious syndromes with various etiologies. Mycoplasmas require special therapeutic approach as they are not sensitive to betalactams such as penicillin.

  Regarding lack of comprehensive studies relating to mycoplasmas' part in pneumonia in Iran, the current study was conducted.

  Methods: This is a descriptive study performed on 80 patients diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia and hospitalized in infectious diseases ward of Immam Khomeini Hospital (Ardebil, Iran) in over a one year time span.

  Blood samples for titration of anti-mycoplasmal IgGs and IgMs were taken from all patients.

  Results: Out of 80 hospitalized patients 40 were men and 40 were women. Mean age of the studied group was 59.91 years and 76.6% of patients lived in urban areas. We observed positive IgM in 5 patients (6.3%) and positive IgM in 20 patients (25%). Etiologic cause of 6 % of hospitalized patiants with community acquired pneumonia was mycoplasmal. We could not specify any particular clinical finding assisting to differentiate mycoplasmal pneumonias from other types of pneumonia. All the patients with positive IgM titrations had positive agglutination titers of 1/16 or 1/32, therefor under any circustances that performing of IgM titration is not possible, agglutination test can be used as an alternative.

  Conclusion: Approximately 6.7 % of community acquired pneumonias in adults' infectious diseases ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital, were etiologically related to mycoplasmas. Therefore, regarding limitations for PCR analysis and antibody titration, administration of antibiotics with antimycoplasmal properties is necessary.

  Background & Objectives: Prostatitis is relatively one of the common diseases in elderly men. Treatment of this disease is difficult and because of frequent relapses, it provides complicated problems for patients and the physicians. Detection of reservoirs and determination of prevalence of involved microbes in prostatitis are important in the epidemiology and control of the disease. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium�in patients with prostatitis by sequencing and PCR-RFLP techniques.

  Methods : In this cross-sectional study, 200 paraffin-embedded prostate samples from patients with prostatitis during 2008-2011 were checked for M. gentialium. After cutting the tissues and homogenization, the genomic DNA was extracted and used as template in PCR. Primers targeting a 465 bp regions of 16S rRNA of M. genitalium were used in the assay. PCR products were sequenced and Cac8I, Bbs I, EcoRI, AluI, TaqI endonucleases were used in RFLP analysis.

  Results : Of 200 samples, 4 were positive in PCR. The results of DNA sequencing and RFLP confirmed the amplified genes corresponded to M. genitalium�G37.

  Conclusion : The Mycoplasma genome present in tissue samples of prostate showed this bacterium could be one of the risk factors for prostatitis in men. However large studies and control groups are needed to prove this finding.