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Showing 6 results for Leishmaniasis
Afshar Tamook , Fereidoon Ashenaie, Joobin Yeganeh Moghadam , Mahdi Chiniforush , Nayereh Amini Sani, Shahram Habibzadeh ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Visceral leishmaniasis is a reticulo endothelia system and it is known as 'black fever' by Indians. According to WHO every year there are 500 thousand new cases of it in the world. The province of Ardabil, with 25-40% from all the country's leishmaniasis has a major part in the country and is considered as one of the main focuses in Iran. Due to its importance, this study was done to identify clinical signs and demographic characteristics of the patients. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was done retrospectively 110 children who were hospitalized in three different active hospitals between 1375-1382 entered in this study. Disease definition include parasite detection in bone marrow aspivation or special clinical signs (fever, spleenomegal, pansytopenia and weight loss) in addition direct agglutination test was positive. The samples were investigated in terms of demographic information. Place of living, clinical signs and the length of time between the symptoms of the disease and its diagnosis. To get to the results, simple descriptive statistics was used. 37.8% of the patients were diagnosed from the beginning of symptoms with in a month. Results: There were 56.4% boys and 43.6% girls of all the 110 children. DAT test was done in 97 patients which was positive in 91 cases (minimum positive titer 1/400). In 42 patients biopsy and bone marrow aspiration was done which was positive in 26 cases (lishman body detection). The age of the patients was 4 months -14 years. The most common findings were fever 97.3% and anorexia 97.1%. There was anemia in 90% thrombocytopenia in 60.8% and leukopenia in 24.8%. There was death in 6 patients (5.5%) and unresponsiveness to the treatment in 3 cases (2.7%). Conclusion: The results of the present study nearly corresponds to those of other studies. The main vulnerable community of visceral lieshmaniasis are mainly children. In order to decrease the mortality and morbidity its early diagnosis is essential. It is necessary that the physicians working in endemic regions be familiar enough with the disease.
Mahmood Mahami, Mahdi Mohebali, Hosein Keshavarz, Zabihollah Zareei,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is an infectious-parasitic disease occurring sporadically in various parts of Iran. The disease is endemic in Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, Bushehr and Fars provinces. This study was performed with the aim of evaluation and comparison of direct agglutination test (DAT), indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFAT) and ELISA in sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis that is following a seroepidemiological survey in Germi district of Ardabil province.
Methods: Cluster sampling has been performed from ≤12 years old and 10% of the adult population in Germi district. Altogether 1155 blood specimens were collected to detect anti- Leishmania antibodies. The samples were tested by direct agglutination test (DAT), indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFAT) and ELISA methods.
Results: 32 (2.8%) of the collected specimens have anti-Leishmania antibodies with titers ≥1:800 and from total specimens 7 (0.6%) were positive with ≥1:3200 titers. In IFA test 32 (2.8%) have titers ≥1:40 and from total specimens 6 (0.52%) were positive with ≥1:320 titers. In ELISA test 8 specimens were positive and other specimens were negative.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, IFAT and ELISA are specific and high sensitive tests for sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis but these methods are expensive and require the complicated tools. Whereas, DAT is a simple method, not expensive and require a simple local laboratory with one or two trained technicians. Therefore DAT could be used for seroepidemiological studies and sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in endemic areas instead of IFA and ELISA methods.
Parviz Parvizi , Elnaz Alaeenovin ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Based on isoenzyme typing of a few isolates from patients and domestic dogs, this parasite was considered to predominate in the Kaleybar focus of VL in northwest Iran. There is no report of sandfly infections in this region so this study was aimed to investigate the infection of the sandflies in the field. Methods: Sandflies were sampled using sticky paper and CDC traps. Morphological identifications were carried out based on characters of the head and abdominal terminalia. DNA extracted from sandflies abdomens and thoraxes. ITS-rDNA gene of parasite was detected and identified as Leishmania after sequencing. Results: Out of 146 sandflies 9 were found to be infected with Leishmania. For first time, three Leishmania species (L. infantum, L. tropica and L. major) were identified in sandflies simultaneously in the region. Among the all sandflies only one Phlebotomus perfiliewi (vector of VL) was found to be infected with L. infantum. All Isolates were confirmed by sequencing of ITS-rDNA gene. Conclusion: However, Leishmania tropica and L. major were found more than L. infantum in sandflies in Kaleybar but it could not conclude that these two species of Leishmania are causative agents of VL. Because many criteria should be considered to incriminate an agent or vector of the disease.
Eslam Moradi Asl, Mahdi Mohebali , Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin , Akbar Ganji , Soheila Molaei , Roshanak Mehrivar , Zabiholah Zareei ,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Visceral leishmaniasis is an important endemic disease in Iran and Meshkin shahr County is the most important foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. The aim of this study is the survey of recent changes in epidemiological patterns of visceral leishmaniasis in Meshkin Shar area during 12 years. Methods : This is a descriptive retrospective study. Records of 193 cases with confirmed kala-azar disease were reviewed in the period of 2001-2012. Data collected from files and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS v.15. Results : From 193 patients with confirmed kala-azar disease, 85% were resident in rural and 15% in urban areas. Among of these patients, 43% were female and 57% male. About 66% of patients were under 2 years old, 23% in age group between 2-5 years and 11% above five years. Among four parts of Meshkin Shahr County, in the first five years of the study, the most cases of the disease were from the central part, but in second six years the most cases were from the west part of this county and in latest year (2012) it has been coverted . Conclusions : Incidence of kala-azar was decreased during last 12 years. Because of high infection rate in dogs and considering important role of these reservoirs in conserving and distribution of disease, stopped health activities in any parts of area can increase the incidence of disease.
Soheila Molaei, Abdolhosein Dalimi, Mehdi Mohebali, Zabihollah Zareii, Behnam Mohamadi, Behnaz Akhondi, Amrollah Azarm,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease and is considered as the most important disease in dogs. The disease has been reported in North West and South of the country, in Iran. In addition to stray dogs, some apparently healthy dogs can be contaminated without showing any sign or symptoms in this area. In the present study, canine visceral leishmaniasis was investigated in dogs lacking clinical signs in Meshkinshahr city in Ardabil, Iran.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted during 2011-2014. A total of 110 serum samples collected from dogs either having or lacking clinical signs and tested by direct agglutination test (DAT) assay. Then 10 dogs (41.6%) showing clinical signs and 15 dogs (17.4%) without any symptoms were autopsied and their spleens were sampled. The samples were used for smear preparation and culturing.
Results: Based on the results, among 24 dogs with clinical signs 20 cases (83.3%) and of 86 dogs without signs, 16 cases (18.6%) found to be positive. On the other hand, smear and culture results were found to be positive in 100% and 60% of dogs with and without clinical signs, respectively. The interesting and impressive results of this study was that the dogs with symptoms but negative DAT and asymptomatic dogs with negative DAT were positive in parasitological tests.
Conclusion: This proves that asymptomatic dogs like symptomatic dogs can be effective in L. infantum infection and is able to maintain the transmission of the disease in endemic areas. On the other hand, a number of symptomatic dogs with negative anti-leishmania antibodies were positive in parasitological tests. Thus, this study also shows that although DAT is effective in determining asymptomatic dogs and canine visceral leishmaniosis control programs but it does not seem to be satisfying in endemic areas such as Meshkin-shahr. Thus in endemic areas, it is recommended that the low antibody titer should be considered.
Narges Khaghanzadeh, Fatemeh Javadi, Afshin Samiei,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease that accounts for approximately one million new cases annually. The treatment of this disease is complex and costly, particularly in developing countries. Numerous studies have been conducted on various vaccines utilizing live attenuated parasites, killed parasites, subunit antigens, recombinant vaccines, and DNA technology. However, an effective and widely applicable preventive vaccine for leishmaniasis has not yet been developed. Present study aimed to examine the progress in the development of leishmaniasis vaccines.
Articles for this study were selected from the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases using relevant keywords, focusing on subject matter, scientific quality, and publication date, with an emphasis on more recent publications.
Research on the development of leishmaniasis vaccines indicates that several candidates, such as Leishmune, CaniLeish, and Leish-Tec, which are at various stages of clinical trials, may serve as suitable options for controlling and preventing leishmaniasis in dogs. The LeishChim vaccine, designed using immunoinformatics and molecular docking techniques, has shown promising efficacy results in mouse studies. Additionally, the mutant gene-centered LmCen-/- vaccine has completed Phase 1 clinical trials in humans.
Given the importance of developing a leishmaniasis vaccine, research in this area continues. Utilizing immunoinformatics and biological modeling studies can aid in the faster identification of effective vaccine candidates.
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