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  Background & Objectives: Infertility affects approximately 10-15% of reproductive age couples. Intra Uterin Insemination (IUI) is a primary, simple and effective method of infertility treatment in ovulatory disorders, unexplained infertility, cervical factors and some cases of male factor. In this research, the success rate of IUI with regard to different causes of infertility was studied in Kowsar IVF centre.

  Methods: In this retrospective study, 404 infertile couples were studied using a questionnaire that included the demographic data, duration of infertility , sperm count and mobility, follicular diameter and count, situation of uterus and fallopian tubes and pregnancy results. The data were analyzed with SPSS.

  Results: Pregnancy rate was 11.1% for patients with ovulatory factors and 7.1% for male factors. There were no significant differences in sperm count and diameter of follicles in pregnant and nonpregnant women.

  Conclusion: With regard to different causes of infertility the best treatment results were achieved by IUI in ovarian factor. Patients over 35-40 did not have a good prognosis in COH-IUI cycles. Other methods of ART are recommended in such cases.

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Infertility, especially in the last decade, has been rising as a global problem, affecting approximately 10-15% of the world's population. The abundance and origin of various types of infertility are different. Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in infertility, in particular in male infertility. Although ROS is essential for normal physiological functions of sperm such as capacitation, hyper activation, acrosome reactions, and binding to the oocyte, excessive levels can be one of the main causes of defective sperm function, which not only impairs the health of sperm DNA, but also affects fertilization via oxidation of proteins, in particular the fatty acids of the sperm cell membrane. Also, the elevated ROS levels facilitate sperm DNA damage, which leads to activation of apoptotic pathway and cell death. Therefore, the quality of semen is functionally reduced. Since the oxidative damage to sperm DNA is associated with both miscarriage and development abnormalities in the offspring, it is essential to find new strategies to recognize the cellular and molecular biology of sperm. Therefore, considering different mechanisms of oxidative stress affecting sperm can contribute significantly to the etiology of male infertility

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Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) refers to the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40. This condition can be attributed to various factors including X chromosome abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, and chemotherapy drugs. Hormone therapy is a commonly used treatment for POI, but due to side effects and low fertility rates, alternative treatment options are needed. In recent years, stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment approach, offering hope for improving and restoring ovarian function. Stem cells possess the unique ability of self-renewal and regeneration, making them potentially effective in addressing ovarian failure and subsequent infertility. Different types of stem cells have been investigated for the treatment of POI, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), stem cells from extraembryonic tissues, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and ovarian stem cells. This article aims to provide an overview of the causes and treatment options for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency, with a particular focus on stem cell therapy as suggested by previous studies.
 Corresponding Author: Hossein Kalarestaghy,  Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Email: h.kalarestaghy111@gmail.com
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