Background & Objectives: Since 1985 because of increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV background, the outbreaks of TB have been reported in different parts of the world. From 1985 to 1991 the incidence of TB increased by 18% in United States and Europe. In Multi Drug Resistant outbreaks of TB in United States 18 to 35% of heath care workers (HCW) who had exposure to TB patients had PPD Converted to positive test (Seroconversion). That is why the risk of TB incidence in health care workers has been put forward again. This study was designed to determine the rate of Buali hospital HCW exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis.

 Methods: All 96 HCW of Buali hospital took part in this cross-sectional and analytical study. No PPD test was performed for HCW in this hospital in the beginning of their employment. For this reason 30 officers who had not previously worked in hospital wards and 60 medical students who had not started their clinical course were selected to obtain an estimation of PPD test before starting professional nursing.

  Results: Out of 96 subjects, 72 were female and 24 were male. Rate of positive PPD was 50% in general. Data analysis showed that PPD positivity was in direct relationship with number of working years in hospital. In 60 university students whose mean age was 21.6± 0/2.9 PPD positivity rate was 13.3%. I the third group consisting of 30 office workers (mean age=333±6.5) it was 23.3%.

 Conclusion: This study shows that HCW with 50% of PPD positivity are in exceeding probability of mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure, which is almost twice as much as the other office workers, possibility of exposure.

 Background and Objectives: Children are one of the most vulnerable groups of society. Any qualitative and quantitative problem in offering health services to them is a main health and social problem. Cooperative health centers for the first time in Iran were established in East Azerbaijan as a proper strategy for solving health problems and limitations of expansion of government health centers. This study was conducted to evaluate their quality of services to children under one year old in comparison with governmental health centers.

 Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was done on 7 cooperative health centers and 14 neighboring government health centers selected by convenience method. Data were collected by filling checklists obtained from observation of services offered to these children by healthcare personnel as well as studying the children's health records. Descriptive (absolute and percent frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (independent samples t-test) statistics were used for analyzing the data.

 Results: The findings showed that the quality of health care for children under one was good (85.71%) in cooperative centers and moderate (78.57%) in government health centers and their statistical difference was significant (P=0.002). In terms of services about growth monitoring of child, nutrition of infant and mothers' education, cooperative health centers had better practice compared to government health centers (P= 0.001, 0.007and 0.023respectively). Regarding the equipment both centers had good facilities (85.71%) and there was no statistically significant difference between them (P= 0.912).

 Conclusion: The results showed that, in most cases, the quality of health care given to children under one was good in cooperative health centers and moderate in government centers. This optimum performance of cooperative centers can encourage health care authorities to plan for the expansion of such centers to compensate for the deficiencies of health services especially in children under one year old.