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Showing 13 results for Glucose
Gity Rahimi,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during the pregnancy. Diagnosis of this disorder can prevent complications in mother and her fetus during pregnancy. This study was an attempt to determine GDM prevalence in pregnant women referring to Ardabil health centers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 601 pregnant women with 24-28 weeks of gestational age were screened by glucose challenge test (GCT) using 50 gr of oral glucose. GCT was considered positive if the serum level of glucose was larger than or equal to 140 mg/dl. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was done on GCT+ subjects with 100 gr oral glucose. The diagnostic criteria were these of National Diabetes Data Group. Also a questionnaire was used to record history, age, height, blood pressure, weight before pregnancy and other characteristics. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: From 601 pregnant women, 64 cases (10.6%) were GCT+. OGTT indicated that from these 64 cases, 8 cases had GDM (GCT +, OGTT+). GDM prevalence was estimated 1.3%. There was a statistically significant relationship between BMI, mean age and mean diastolic blood pressure on the one hand and GCT and GDM positivity on the other (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between increasing of BMI and the prevalence of GDM positivity GCT (p<0.05), but the relation was not significant between increasing of systolic blood pressure and gravidity with prevalence of GDM and positive GCT. Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of GDM in Ardabil is low and general screening is not necessary for all pregnant women. The prevalence of GDM showed an increase with the age of pregnant women, BMI and obesity.
Mehri Jafari Shobeiri , Simin Atash Khoii ,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (6-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: It is estimated that as many as 75% of women experience at least one episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis during the lifetime and about 5% will have recurrent infections. There are clear association between vaginal candidiasis and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether non-diabetic women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis have an impaired glucose metabolism. Methods: This case-control study was carried out with 32 patients suffering from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis as case group and 30 control patients who had negative history of vaginal candidiasis during the previous year and had referred to the clinics for reasons other than vaginal candidiasis. The case group had referrd to the gynecology clinics three times during the previous year and were recognized to have vaginal candidiasis. They were being treated by antifungal drugs and had at least one positive candida culture. Both groups underwent standardized oral glucose tolerance test with 75-gram dose of glucose. The data were analysed using Chi-square and t-test. Results: Women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis had a mean body mass index greater than the control subjects (23.4 versus 21.5, p=0.001). They had no more incidences of overt or preclinical diabetes mellitus than the control subjects, but a greater proportion of them had at least one glucose concentration above the 95th percentile (p=0.015). Glucose concentrations were significantly higher in recurrent vaginal candidiasis cases than in control subjecs at 30, 60 and 75 minutes after the intake of 75-gram dose of glucose (p<0.05). This amount of glucose led to a 15.8% increase in serum glucose level in case group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Glucose tolerance test was mildy impaired in women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis. The plasma glucose concentration increased in 2 hours after 75 g glucose intake. Although the obtained results were not in the range of occult diabetes, it can designate the important of glucose tolerance test in women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
Reza Rastmanesh , Rahebe Shaker , Mehrdad Shoa , Yadollah Mehrabi , Lida Navayi,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2006)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Early diagnosis of diabetes can prevent many unwanted and irreversible consequences which require a lot of expenses as well as advanced treatment methods and experts. The present study set out to compare prevalence of diabetes in first degree relatives (FDR) of patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glucose intolerants and controls. Methods: In This case-control research, 277 healthy subjects (129 males and 148 females) with the age of 11-95 were selected from among FDR in three groups, namely those with type II diabetes, glucose intolerants and controls and were evaluated in terms of diabetic condition. World health organization criteria were applied to recognize case(s) of diabetes and glucose intolerants. Results: Odds ratio of being type 2 diabetic or IGT, in FDR of patients with T2DM and subjects with IGT, 5.261 compared to controls was (with 95% CI of 2.15-12.82). Prevalence of T2DM and IGT in both male and female FDR of patients with T2DM and with IGT, was significantly higher than that of controls (p< 0.005). Conclusion: Significantly higher prevalence of T2DM and IGT in FDR of patients with T2DM and with IGT, compared to controls, offers a very quick and cost-effective method of diagnosing covered cases of diabetes in country's health care systems.
Jamshid Yousefi, Abdolreza Malek, Seyedmorteza Mirzadeh , Samaneh Davoodi ,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2006)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Jaundice is a common disorder in preterm and term newborns and G6PD deficiency is one of its etiologic agents. With respect to high incidence of G6PD deficiency in Iran, this study was conducted to determine the clinical correlation of this deficiency with time of jaundice onset and mean level of serum bilirubin. Management and complication rates are also evaluated in these neonates in comparison with those without this deficiency. Methods: This is a case-control study performed through G6PD assay in icteric newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in 22 Bahman hospital in Mashhad within 3 years. This case group was compared with the control group who were randomly selected from among icteric neonates without G6PD deficiency. The data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. Results: This study was done on 505 icteric neonates. The case group consisted of 34 newborns (6.7%) with G6PD deficiency. M/F ratio in case group was higher than control group (P= 0.01). Mean level of total serum bilirubin was significantly higher in case group (P=0.047). There were no significant differences in duration of phototherapy and hospitalization between two groups, but exchange transfusion rate in case group was twice as much. Complications such as seizure and kernicterus in both groups were the same. Conclusion: Due to high incidence of G6PD deficiency in our study (6.7%) and significant incidence in female patients, determination of enzyme level is recommended in all newborns with jaundice regardless of their gender. Because of higher level of serum bilirubin in G6PD deficient patients, phototherapy must be done as soon as possible to avoid invasive procedures such as exchange transfusion.
Hosein Khadem Haghighian , Alireza Farsad Naimi, Bahram Pourghassem Gargari , Akbar Ali-Asgharzadeh , Ali Nemati ,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Different types of diets and several chemical and herbal drugs are used for decreasing the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin resistance in type II diabetic patients. New herbal medicines including cinnamon have been considered for controlling diabetes. Since few reports have been presented in other countries and many studies have been done in animal models in laboratory condition, this study was aimed to investigate cinnamon supplementation effects on fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin resistance among type II diabetic patients . Methods: In a clinical trial study, 60 male and female patients with type II diabetes mellitus (30 patients in control and 30 patients in treatment group) were selected in Tabriz city, during 1388. The intervention group received 1.5 g of cinnamon (as a capsule containing 500 mg powder, three times daily) for 60 days and control group received placebo. Blood samples obtained from patients to determine the levels of fasting blood glucose, the glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin, before and after cinnamon consumption. Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA score and data were expressed as Mean ± SD and analyzed statistically by Student t-test. p<0.05 was considered as significant . Results: After 60 days, the fasting blood glucose levels, the glycosylated hemoglobin and the insulin resistance decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to controls (p<0.05). There was no significant change in the fasting blood glucose levels, the glycosylated hemoglobin and the insulin resistance in the control group at the end of 60 days. Conclusion: This study showed the consumption of cinnamon can be useful in the fasting blood glucose, the glycosylated hemoglobin and the insulin resistance control among type II diabetic patients .
Sima Nasri, Mahmood Abedinzade, Masoumeh Jamal Omidi, Farzad Noursabaghi ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is recognized with severe metabolic complications. Many herbal medicines have been recommended for treatment of diabetes. In this study, the antidiabetic and analgesic effect of hexanic and alcohlic extract Trigonella-foenum graecum was investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Present study was carried out in 2011 at Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 48 male Sprague Dawley rats (230-300 gr) were divided into six groups: control, type 1 diabetic, and 4 treat ed groups that received intraperitonealy hexanic and alcoholic extract of fenugreek (100, 200 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. Two experimental models were used (acetic acid, and hot-plate tests) in order to characterize the analgesic effect. Blood glucose was measured with glucometer. Data analyzed with spss software 16 and one way ANOVA and Tukey tests. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results: Compared to control rats, both of the aqueous - alcoholic and Hexan ic extract significantly reduced blood glucose level in all diabetics groups. This effect was stronger in groups that received Hexanic extract (p<0.05) . All groups received the aqueous - alcoholic and Hexan ic extract showed analgesic effect but this effect was more clear in the Hexanic 200 mg/kg group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Fenugreek extract possesses hypoglycemic , and analgesic effects .
Fahimeh Esfarjani, Fatemeh Rashidi, Seyied Mohammad Marandi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Elevated apolipoprotein B-100 and decreased Plasma HDL due to hypertriglyceridemia are common abnormalities in insulin-resistant subjects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks progressive aerobic exercise (AE) on blood glucose, lipidand lipoprotein profile, and aerobic power in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty nine women with type 2 diabetes (mean age 43.4 ± 1.7 years and blood glucose range of 150 to 230 mg/dl ) were divided into a control (n=14) and exercise (n=15) groups. Exercise group participated in an aerobic training program 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The intensity of aerobic exercise was 60–75% of HR max. The control subjects were asked not to alter their physical activity patterns. All subjects underwent anthropometric, lipid profile and aerobic power evaluation, at the baseline and 48 hours after last session training. Following a 12 h overnight fasting, a venous blood sample was drawn for the analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and (apoB100). Paired t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data. Results: Significant improvement was observed in FBS, aerobic power, percent body fat, (Apo) B-100 and triglycerides (p< 0.05) for the exercise compared with the control group after training. No significant difference was observed in TC, LDL and HDL between two groups. Conclusion: According to our findings moderate intensity physical exercise can be effective in preventing the atherosclerosis via significant improvement in blood sugar, cardiovascular endurance, Apo B-100 and triglyceride in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Majid Mobasseri, Armin Sadeghi, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Samira Pourmoradian,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background: Obese patients are at high risk of numerous chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, dyslipidemia and stroke. Recently researchers focused on complementary medicine along with routine treatments to reduce obesity complications. Therefore we aimed to investigate the effects of omega 3 fatty acids supplementation on serum lipid profiles, C-peptide and fasting blood glucose in obese individuals. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial 56 obese volunteers with the mean age of 33.94±8.15 years were assigned into the supplemented (n=30) and placebo (n=26) groups, given two omega 3 fatty acids soft gel (360 mg EPA and 240 DHA) or placebo respectively for 4 weeks. At the onset and the end of the intervention, blood samples were collected after overnight fasting and serum lipid profiles, C-peptide and fasting blood glucose were measured. Data were analyzed with SPSS program and p-value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Results: In comparison with placebo group, omega 3 supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the mean triglyceride (108.37±11.22 mg/dl vs 148.84±59.40 mg/dl). After 4 weeks, the mean C-peptide concentrations increased in both groups but elevation in omega 3 group was more dramatic (p<0.01). However, we didn’t find any significant changes in the mean total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C levels. Conclusion: Our finding indicated that 4 weeks Omega 3 supplementation leads to amelioration in some of serum lipid profiles indices and insulin secretion in obese individuals. Although, further studies are needed to achieve precise results.
A Shamsazar, A Asadi, F Shamsazar,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Maintain of fixed amount of glucose in blood has always been valuable. Especially in diabetic patients it is important to determine accurate amount of it. In this study we are trying to find a method to determination of the amount of serum glucose.
Methods: First a biosensor was prepared using carbon paste electrode modified with Copper Oxide nanoparticles for determination of serum glucose. The synthesized Copper Oxide nanoparticles were studied by using a variety of chemical spectrum UV-Vis, XRD, SEM and TEM. XRD confirmed that our synthesized are Copper Oxide nanoparticles. By measuring of the oxidation currents in the several levels of glucose, the accuracy and efficiency of biosensor was studied.
Results: Based on a increase of the electrocatalytic response of the oxidized form of GOD to dissolved oxygen, the proposed biosensor exhibits a linear response to glucose concentrations ranging from 0 to 15 mM with a detection limit (defined as the concentration that could be detected at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3) of 9 �M at an applied potential of 0.44 V which has better biosensing properties than those from other biosensors. This biosensor retained 89% of its initial response after 30 days storage at pH=7.
Conclusion: Carbon paste electrode and Copper Oxide nanoparticles offer excellent catalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide generation in enzymatic reaction between glucose oxidase and glucose, which would enable sensitive determination of glucose. This biosensor exhibited good stability, reproducibility and low interferences. It has been used to diagnose diabetes very fast and sensitively and to determine the glucose concentrations in serum samples with satisfactory results.
Maryam Zarkesh , Kamran Guity, Nima Hosseinzadeh, Freidoon Azizi , Maryam Sadat Daneshpour,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the extent of possible genetic influence on cardio-metabolic risk factors and to evaluate the familial aggregation of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a Tehranian population.
Methods: In a cross-sectional observational study, the anthropometry, blood pressure andbiochemical measurements were examined in each member of 566 nuclear families. The role of risk factors in MetS and the Pearson partial correlation between MetS and lipid related factors were calculated.
Results: The prevalence of MetS among the mothers and girls was 78.4 and 12.9%, respectively. Grandmothers had the highest incidence of atherosclerotic risk factors. Four factors were found which explained 77.7% of the overall variance. Recurrence risk ratio among siblings was 5.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.15-9.97). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of proband’s MetS status was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.06–1.67) and adjusted OR for the four factors to predict MetS were all significant with the obesity factor having the highest risk (OR: 7.50, CI: 5.91–9.52) followed by dyslipidemia/hyperglycemia factor (OR: 4.86, CI: 4.03–5.87), and blood pressure factor (OR: 4.20, CI: 3.51-5.02).
Conclusion: The present findings confirm the idea of familial aggregation and the recurrence risk ratio in MetS traits. Sibling correlations were higher than other relatives indicating the high genetic factors of these quantitative components in which a high risk of MetS (two-fold) was found
Mehdi Faramoushi, Ramin Amir Sasan , Sari Sarraf Vahid, Pouran Karimi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Type II diabetes is a metabolic disorder accompanied with insulin resistance of the whole body cells and is considered be the fifth cause of death in the world. Adaptation to altitude can lead to tolerance to many diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of simulated intermittent altitude on the metabolic and hematologic parameters and liver function in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Methods: In the current experimental study, twenty four male Wistar rats weighing 220±20 gr were randomly divided into three groups; normal control group (NC, n=8), diabetic control group (D, n=8) received fat diet for 2 weeks then were injected with streptozotocin (37 mg/kg) and diabetic+hypoxia group (D+H, n=8) including diabetic rat exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (PiO2≈106 mm Hg, simulated altitude≈3400 m, 14% oxygen for 8 weeks). Diabetic, hematologic and lipid parameters as well as ALT and AST activities were measured in peripheral blood.
Results: Our findings showed that intermittent hypoxia significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, LDL ,VLDL and triglyceride in D+H group compared to D group (p<0.05). Serum levels of fasting blood glucose and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance )HOMA-IR( index and ALT were decreased in D+H group vs. D group )p<0.05). Also, hemoglubin and hematocrite level increased in D+H group in comparison to D group )p<0.05). No significant difference was detected in red blood cell count in D+H vs. D group.
Conclusion: Based on resultant data, it seems that intermittent exposure to hypoxia (simulated to chronic and intermittent lodgement in altitude) can be used to control of type 2 diabetes by increasing hemoglobin, decreasing insulin resistance and improving liver function as well as lipid parameters.
َarash Mehri Pirayvatlo , Reza Alipanah-Moghadam , Mohammad Mazani, Farideh Manafi, Vadood Malekzadeh, Ali Nemati, Abbas Naghizadeh Baghi ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Iron overload is involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases including diabetes. In fact, the excess iron by creating free radicals makes damage to pancreas and leads to insulin resistance and diabetes. Andrographolide extract has hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties. This study has surveyed the effects of andrographolide on blood glucose and lipid profile in rats with secondary iron overload.
Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: the healthy control group, secondary iron overload group, secondary iron overload groups treated with a dose of 3.5 and 7 mg/kg of andrographolide extract, and andrographolide groups treated with a dose of 3.5 and 7 mg/kg of extract. Iron and extract were injected for 6 and 12 days, respectively. Blood samples were taken for measurement of blood glucose and lipid profiles. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test.
Results: The pathological results of samples from liver of animals receiving iron showed that the iron was deposited in the liver tissues. Iron injection significantly increased blood glucose levels compared to healthy control group (p<0.05). In the iron overload group, andrographolide extract with a dose of 3.5 mg/kg or 7 mg/kg significantly decreased blood glucose levels (p<0.05). Iron injections did not increase the serum triglyceride and cholesterollevels. Injections of andrographolide extract with a dose of 3.5 mg/kg and 7 mg/kg, significantly decreased the cholesterol levels compared to iron receiving group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the andrographolide with different doses may be effective in the treatment of diabetes by reducing serum glucose and cholesterol levels.
Pari Karami, Aziz Babapoor, Mahdieh Shoghi-Benam , Mohammad Johari-Ahar,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Diabetes is a disease that requires continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels to control its complications. At present, blood glucose is measured using portable devices; most of the electrodes of these devices work using the enzyme glucose oxidase. Due to the high cost of the enzyme and its instability, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors can significantly contribute to the emergence of new generation devices.
Methods: In this study, keywords of glucose measurement, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors in the period 1962 -2020, were searched and studied from Elsevier, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed databases. In this review, first, the different generations of glucose sensors and how they are made are mentioned, and the types of materials used in the preparation of enzyme-based sensors are discussed. The progress made in non-enzymatic sensors is mentioned in the following, and the advantages and challenges of these types of glucose sensors are discussed.
Results: Materials used to prepare non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors are platinum, copper, platinum alloys, gold and platinum nanomaterials, and molecular mold polymers. The main problem of these compounds is the lack of selectivity of these compounds and their weak signal due to the intervention of disturbing species. However, using molecular mold polymers seems an excellent option to solve this problem.
Conclusions: Non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors have the advantage of high stability and low cost, and measuring the amount of glucose in biological fluids can be helpful in controlling diabetes. Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology and molecularly formulated polymers have made it possible to produce new nanomaterials to create enzyme-free systems for glucose detection, but several studies are needed to bring these sensors to market.
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