Background & Objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting are among the main complication after anesthesia and various methods are used for the prevention of this complication. In this study, the effect of the pre induction use of 10mg Metoclopramide’ 8 mg Dexamethasone and the combination of the both, on decreasing in the rate of nausea and vomiting after cataract surgery in intravenous anesthesia is compared with placebo.

  Methods: In this double blind clinical trial, one hundred patients of cataract surgery who are appropriate for this study were, randomly divided in to four groups. In the group of placebo (P), 2cc normal saline, in group (M), 10mg metoclopramide, in group (D), 8mg Dexamethasone, and in group (M+D), 10mg metoclopramide and 8 mg Dexamethasone, one minute before the induction of anesthesia was injected. Patients were received the anesthetic drugs in the sameway and after the tracheal intubation infusion of propofol was started. After the end of surgical operation, the appearance of nausea and vomiting in the recovery room and also 6 and 24 hours after the surgery are recorded in the patients' information forms. Finally the data were analysed by statistical software of SPSS and the statistical tests.

  Results: After the use of these drugs, the rate of nausea in the recovery room decreased from 44% in placebo to 20% in metoclopromide group, 16% in Dexamethasone group, and 8% in combination of metoclopromide and Dexamethasone and the rate of vomiting decreased from 20% in placebo group to 4% in metoclopromide group, 4% in Dexamethasone group, and 0% in combination of these two drugs, both the nausea and vomiting the effect of combination of metoclopromide and Dexamethasone in decreasing of postoperative mausea and vomiting was significant (P<0.05). The 24 hour following of nausea and vomiting, also had the same results.

  Conclusion: With regrard to the results of this study, implication of the combination of 10mg metoclopromide and 8mg Dexamethasone before the induction of anesthesia remarkably decreased the rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting and is useful for the high risk groups for this complication especially in out patient surgery.

  Background and objectives: High incidence of postoperative shivering leads to complications such as increased oxygen consumption, intracranial & intraocular pressure and pain. Some drugs including pethedine, dexamethasone and doxapram are used for prevention of shivering. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of dexamethasone and doxapram in prevention of post-anesthetic shivering.

  Methods: This study is a double blind clinical trial including 90 patients in ASA 1 and 2 classes. The patients were under general anesthesia for elective abdominal and chest surgery with same the anesthesia techniques. Samples were randomly divided into three groups (two drug received groups and one control group). First group received dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg, the second group doxapram 0.75 mg/kg and the control group 3 ml of distilled water as injection. The visible shivering observed after each treatment. Collected data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher exact and ANOVA tests By SPSS 16 and p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

  Results: Our results showed a significant difference between shivering in drug received and control groups. Shivering was significantly decreased in drug received groups (p = 0 . 05) but there was no significant difference between them.

  Conclusion: This study showed that both drugs of dexamethasone and doxapram are effective in prevention of post-anesthetic shivering and can be substituted with pethedine. In addition to antishivering effect, doxapram has a respiratory stimulant effect that is, that is clinically important in postoperative stage.

  Background & Objectives: Several studies have shown that Glucocorticoids affect learning and memory processes by influences on limbic structures such as amygdala. The amygdala is an important region for memory formation. Considering the existence of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intra-BLA microinjection of pilocarpine on the effect of dexamethasone on memory retrieval .

  Methods: As a model of learning, using a step-through apparatus , inhibitory avoidance was used for assessment of long-term memory in 80 adult male Wistar rats . All animals were bilaterally implanted with cannulas into the BLA and were trained and tested (with 24 h interval) 7 days after surgery. Memory retrieval was evaluated by recording of the step-through latencies and the time spent in dark chamber of apparatus in the testing day.

  Results: Pre-test subcutaneous (s.c) administration of dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) impaired memory retrieval in animals when trained 24 h in advance. Co-pretest microinjection of different doses of pilocarpine (1 , 2 μg/rat, intra-BLA ), a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, with the dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, s.c) caused enhancement of memory retrieval.

  Conclusion: Results of this research indicate that impairment effect of dexamethasone on memory processes may be mediates by decrease of mechanisms of BLA muscarinic cholinergic.