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Showing 16 results for Depression
Tahereh Seghatoleslam, Omidvar Rezaee , Kobra Aghighi ,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2003)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Dependence on substance or addiction is a psychological disturbance. This is referred to as substance abuse in psychological classifications and is the second most common psychological disturbance. On the other hand depression is an instance of disturbance, which is observed among the victims of substance abuse. This study set out to evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) of depression among patients with substance abuse. Methods: Using experimental method, 28 men and women (23-35 years, normal IQ) with substance abuse were randomly selected according to DSMIV criteria. These subjects had been under anti-addiction medication for two years, without adequate control, and were divided into two groups. The two groups received the following treatments for 6 weeks: 1- Cognitive Behavior Therapy. 2- No specific psychological treatment (control group). Two instruments were used to collect data namely Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to evaluate depression and demographic forms to record the information. Results: The data were analyzed using repeated measurements including a pretest and two posttests. In pretest, according to scores of both groups from Beck test, there was a severe depression among the subjects. However in the second and third posttests these scores fell significantly. The intra-group and inter-group tests showed that these reduction in scores was related to the intra-group differences. Conclusions: CBT has had an important role in treatment of depression among patients with substance abuse. Psychological intervention was able to help them change their cognition by decreasing depression and enable them to have a more positive belief in controlling themselves against dependency. It seems that taking psychologically team-approach (both theoretically and practically) about control strategies and treatment of depression in patients with substance abuse can deeply improve their life style as well as their individual and social relations.
Afrouz Mardi , Parviz Molavi , Zahra Tazakori , Mehrnaz Mashoufi , Nayereh Aminisani ,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2003)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Postpartum depression is a problematic and important disease and if not recognized and treated on time, it can be aggravated or chronic. Exercise is strongly recommended in this regard to prevent any family disorders and improve the health of mother, child and family. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise on mild postpartum depression among women referring to Ardabil health centers. Methods : This study was a double blind clinical trial. About 50 subjects with normal vaginal delivery were selected. The subjects had referred to health canters in the second week after delivery and were diagnosed to have mild depression using Beck depression test. They were randomly divided into two groups (exercise and non-exercise). Then Beck test was done 6 weeks after delivery again and the results were compared in two groups. Results : The findings indicated that between mildly depressed mothers, 36% were 26-30 years old, 82% were housekeeper, 44% had under diploma education, 60% had two previous deliveries. 56% of exercise group and 32% of non-exercise group were treated. 8% of experimental subjects and 18% of control ones needed psychological consultation 6 weeks after delivery. T-test showed significant differences between two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion : Results showed that exercise had a positive effect on the treatment of mild postpartum depression. As a result it is recommended strongly in postpartum care.
Firooz Amani , Bahram Sohrabi , Saeid Sadeghieh , Mehrnaz Mashoufi ,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objective :Depression is one of the most common disorders which can affect every individual. However some individuals (including the students of medical sciences) who are involved in health issues are more vulnerable in this regard. The early diagnosis of this disorder among the students can lead to primary prevention and avoid any further progression and deteriration. This in turn can result in mental health among these students as well as the society. The present study set out to investigate the rate of depression among the students of Ardabil university of medical sciences. Methods : This research is an analytic-descriptive study conducted on 324 students from Ardabil University of Medical Scinces. A questionnaire including two sections was used to collect the data. The first section was about the demographic information and the second section included questions about depression based on Beck depression test. The data were analyzed by SPSS soft waire using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results : The results showed that 57.4% of total subjects (186 students) suffered from various degrees of depression. 128 of these students were suffering from clinical depression. The prevalence of depression among midwifery students was 21.4 %. Chi- square test showed a significant relationship among prevalence of depression in these students with their educational semester , the number of their siblings, any kind of major physical disorder in the subject or, a serious psychological problem among their family members , as well as any significant event during the previous year. Conclusions : According to obtained results there was a high degree of depression among medical university students and serious measures should be taken in the future in order to prevent this social concern.
Mohammad Narimani , Parvin Nakhostine Ruhi , Mahnaz Yosefi ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Postpartum depression, as a mental disorder, is seen in some women and can threaten their mental health as well as their infants. At least 7% of mothers suffer from this problem after parturition. Studies indicate that many variables are associated with this disorder during and after the gestation period. The aim of this study was to achieve the rate of postpartum depression and its relevant variables among women who referred to the parturition ward of Buali and Emam Hossein hospitals in Tehran. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study a questionnaire construced by researchers as well as Beck 21- item depression inventory were used to collect the data. The subjects (100 cases) responded to the questions individually in the hospitals. According to the type of variables, X2 nonparametric test was used in the data analysis. Results: The results of this study indicated that 17% of the subjects were suffering from moderate and severe depression and among the 14 predictive variables of the postpartum depression four variables, namely, matrimonial dissatisfaction, unwanted gestation, unemployment and low economical status of family have significant relationship with the postpartum depression. Conclusion: In comparison with the previous studies, the prevalence of postpartum depression is in higher level therefore, it is necessary to increase the information of parturition ward staff about this disorder and inform them to refer any cases of depression to the counseling centers.
Ali Reza Zahiroddin, Mortaza Hayati, Maede Jadidi, Seied Mahdi Samimi ,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Depression is the most common psychological problem in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The present study was conducted to determine the rate of depression in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 120 chronic HD patients who referred to dialysis ward of Shahid Beheshti Medical University (SBMU) hospitals were selected through an available (non-random) sampling and after exclusion of 20 patients due to study’s exclusion criteria, all were assessed for depression, using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Statistical analyses were preformed by SPSS (rel 11.5) using analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent t-test, Chi- Square and coefficient of correlation. Results: Totally, considering the intensity of depression, 69% of patients were in depression spectrum (BDI>9), but the rate of depression was 45% (BDI >15) among chornic hemodialysis patients. There was no significant difference between the intensity of depression and various parameters, but unemployment associated with higher rate of depression (p=0.018). Conclusion:It seems the screening of HD Patients with BDI followed by referring the depressed patients to a psychiatrist for more evaluation is necessary so that at least some of the suffering, morbidity and mortality of the patients will be diminished.
Fahimeh Sehhatie Shafaei , Fatemeh Ranjbar Koochaksariie, Morteza Ghojazadeh, Zhila Mohamadrezaei,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Depression is a debilitating disorder with high prevalence especially in child-bearing women. This study was done to determine relationship between postpartum depression and its various risk factors.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study on 600 women referring to health centers in Tabriz. Data were gathered using a questionnaire including 5 parts: demographic characteristics, mother-newborn characteristics, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Holms stress scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. These data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods in SPSS 14/win software.
Results: In this study 34.7% of mothers were depressed (scores>12). Significant risk factors for postpartum depression were: Marital dissatisfaction, relationship with mother, mother-in law and husband's family, job dissatisfaction, house condition, having an unpleasant
pregnancy experience, unplanned pregnancy, baby care stressors, infant feeding method, nursing problems, mother's self-esteem and stress level.
Conclusion: Concerning high prevalence of postpartum depression in this study and other similar studies and effects of some factors in this disorder, it seems to be necessary to improve the knowledge of mothers and health care staff about this risk factors for reducing effects of this disorder on physical and psychological health of newborns, mothers and
community.
Naeima Khodadadi , Haeideh Mahmoodi , Nooshaz Mirhagjoo ,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (6-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: postpartum depression is a kind of psychiatric disorder that psychosocial factors relate with it . This study was performed in order to determine relationship between postpartum depression and psychosocial effects and Determine the rate of postpartum depression in mothers visiting health-medical centers in city of Rasht . Method: In this descriptive-correlational study, 350 women were selected in the Random cluster manner. The instruments for gathering data were two questionnaires including psychosocial effects and Edinbugh test. The reseacher completed these questionnaires through interview. Results: The results indicated that 16% of samples suffered from postpartum depression. The results indicated a significant correlation between the satisfaction of life and husband's relatives (p=0.021) the lifes life's unpleasant events (p<0.0001) the psychological disorder history in family (p<0.0001) the post partum depression history in family (p=0.008) the unwanted pregnancy (p=0.041) tendency to abortion (p<0.0001) the satisfaction of mothers about the neonatal gendel (p=0.034) the satisfaction of husband's family about neonatal gentiv (p=0.005) the kind of communication with husband (p<0.0001) The kind of communication with husband's family (p<0.0001) and the postpartum depression . Conclusion: Nurses have important roles in secondary prevention and screening women suffering from postpartum depepression, and also in appropriate and quick refering them to psychiatrist. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about high-risk factors and share the information with mothers and their families .
Reihaneh Ivanbaga , Leila Norousi Panahi , Morteza Ghojazadeh, Fatemeh Ranjbar Koochaksaraee, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi Mamagani ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Postpartum depression is one of the most important problems during post partum. Several new medications have been introduced for treatment, but considering their side effects and also breast feeding women's desire for dietary complements rather than chemical drugs, this research was done to determine comparison of effectiveness of Omega-3 fatty acids with placebo in treatment of mild to moderate postpartum depression. Methods: This double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial study was done on 120 women with postpartum depression, who had the required criteria. First by using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in women who gave birth 2 weeks to 3 months before, postpartum depression approved for determining the severity of depression, Beck Depression Inventory scale (BDI) was used. Women with mild to moderate depression who had a score 46 on the (BDI) and did not have any tendency to use anti-depressant drugs under the supervision of the psychiatrist, enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to receive either 1gr of Omega-3 capsules or placebo for 8 weeks. Severity of depression was measured before treatment and weekly during treatment in both groups. The data analyzed through T-Test, repeated measurements of one way ANOVA and chi square test in SPSS 14/Win. Results: There were no significant differences between two groups with respect to demographic characteristics. Results show that Mean Depression Scores before treatment in Omega-3 group (35.4 ± 9.2) decreased after treatment (17.7 ± 7.0), which was significant (p<0.0005). Mean Depression Scores before treatment in placebo group (34.2 ± 3.4) decreased after treatment (33.6 ± 9.3) which wasn't significant (p=0.57). There was a significant difference between reductions of Depression Scores in two groups(P<0.001). Conclusion: According to research results, use of Omega-3 1gr/day for 8 weeks improves postpartum depression.
Hasan Farahi, Robabeh Del Azar,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2009)
Abstract
objective : The research literature extensively indicate that religion often operates as strong protective factor against psychological and psychosomatic disorders. The ways of influence of religious beliefs and rites on psychological and psychosomatic disorders has not explored enough. Thepresent study aims at studying suicide ideation in patients with depression performing religious rites at different levels. Method: This cross-sectional study were done on 66 patients with depression who referring to Toluo psychiatric and psychological clinic and Shafa psychiatric hospital in Rasht were selected by convenience sampling. Unstructured interview was used for diagnosing depression by psychologist based on DSM-IV-TR criteria and Beck Depression Inventory. The degree of performing religious rites by subjects was determined using a researcher-designed, self- administrated rating scale, and subjects assigned in two group of patients with depression performing religious rites strongly (N=33) and patients with depression performing religious rites weakly (N=33). In addition to Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Scale of Suicide Ideation were applied for assessing hoplessness and suicide ideation, respectively. Results: Statistical analysis by T-test showed no significant (/867) between two groups regarding degree of depression (/847). BW the degree of hopelessness (/034) and suicide ideation (/0005) BW there were significant dirences between two groups from view pe of the heyer of hopelessness and (0.034) suicide ideation (0.0005). Conclusion: We conclude that phenomenology of depression in patients strongly performing religious rites differ in terms of degree of suicide ideation and hopelessness with patients weakly performing religious rites.
Eiraj Feizi, Abbas Naghizadeh Baghi , Alireza Rahimi , Seddigheh Nemati,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Today obesity and depression are two important diseases which are growing all over the world and threat the human health. That how much these two affect each other is a major health question. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depression in female students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Method: In a descriptive study 230 female students were selected through classified random sampling and their height and weight were measured. To measure the rate of depression a Beck test, and to analyze the data a descriptive method, and finally to indicate the relationship between BMI and depression Pearson correlation through SPSS15 software were used. Results : 40% of the students in the depression test were in the normal level, 29% had mild depression, 24% moderate depression and 7% severe depression. In addition 77% of the students, regarding body mass index were in an acceptance level, 14% were overweight and 9% were underweight. Pearson correlation method showed that there was a positive significant relationship between BMI and depression among female students (p≤ 0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression in female students of university is 60% and the prevalence of obesity is 14% and there is positive significant relationship between BMI and depression.
Ghazaleh Ghamkharnejad , Parviz Shahabi, Mina Sadighi, Behnaz Sadeghzadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Cortical spreading depression (SD), a self-propagating depolarization of neuroglial cells, is believed to play a role in different neurological disorders including epilepsy and migraine aura. A brief period of excitation heralds SD which is immediately followed by nerve cell depression and later by prolonged excitation. The aim of the present study was to investigate relationship between SD and late phase of excitability and seizure burst activity inlateral amygdale of rat. Methods: Male Wistar rats with 250-350 gram body weight were used. We usedamygdale slices taken from Wistar rats. SD was induced by KCl. After superfusion of these slices with sub-epileptic concentration of bicuculline for 45 min, the induction of SD in the lateral amygdale resulted in presence of interictal and ictalepileptiform field potentials. Results: After initiation of SD in lateral amygdale, glutamate receptors (NMDA, AMPA) antagonists as well as K+ and Ca++ channels blockers were able to decrease the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Conclusion: The results imply a possible role for SD in temporal lobe epilepsy in predisposed neural tissue with increased excitation or decreased inhibition. The study of the late phase of SD excitability may help us to understand the mechanism of SD action in associated neurological disorders. This finding may improve the therapeutic strategies for treatment of epilepsy.
Parviz Molavi , Niloufar Mikaeili , Neda Rahimi , Saeid Mehri ,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Social phobia is one of the common anxiety disorders characterized by fear of social situations, shame and embarrassment in communicating with unfamiliar people. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing anxiety and depression in students with social phobia . Methods: An experimental pretest-posttest with control group design was used to conduct the study. The population consists of all female students in Ardabil city, 2013-2014 academic years. Using a multiple-stage cluster sampling method, a representative sample consists of 400 students was selected for the study. Then, among the students those with social phobia (based on the cut-off point), 34 participants were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 17 people (one experimental group and one control group) . The participants in experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy for 10 sessions of 90 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. Anxiety, depression and social phobia questionnaires were administered to the two groups before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics and multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) were used for data analysis. Results: The results of data analysis showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy reduces anxiety, depression and social phobia of students in the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.001) . Conclusion: The present study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy for students with social phobia can be used as a psychological intervention along with other intervention mechanisms.
Amir Azizi , Javad Mohamadi ,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Depression and perceived stress are considered among the most common symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Dialectical behavior therapy was presented as one of the most effective treatment of many disorders in the past decade. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical group behavior therapy on perceived stress and depression in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.
Methods: The research method was an experimental pretest-posttest control group design with random assignment). Of all the patients referred to medical centers in Tabriz during 1393 SH, 30 patients selected with irritable bowel syndrome and Rome-III diagnostic criteria after using the interview, completed perceived stress questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. The subjects were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). After completing dialectical behavior therapy in the experimental group, the questionnaire was administered in both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis with SPSS-20 software.
Results: Dialectical group behavior therapy was significantly effective in reducing perceived stress (p= 0.004, F= 9.91) and depression (p= 0.005, F= 9.60) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in experimental group, so that after the intervention the perceived stress and depression scores decreased in experimental group.
Conclusion: It seems that dialectical behavior therapy is effective in reducing perceived stress and depression in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome and can be helpful in improving the symptoms of perceived stress and depression in these patients.
َasieh Alizadeh Makvandi , Mohsen Khalili, Mehrdad Roghani, Sara Amiri Moghaddam ,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Depression is a common and debilitating brain disorder and a type of psychiatric syndromes. The most common symptoms of this disease are irritability, worthlessness, sleep problems and anxiety disorders. Reserpine is a drug that can cause depression in animals if used at a very low dose. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective non-pharmacological treatments for depression. In this study, the effect of electroconvulsive therapy on male rats depressed by reserpine in behavioral tests and neural counting in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex areas was investigated.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were used and they were divided into four groups of ten: 1-control group, 2- ECT group, 3- Depressed group induced by reserpine (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), 4- Depressed + ECT group. Open field, sucrose preference, forced swimming and elevated plus maze tests were used to evaluate anxiety and depression-related behavioral function. At the end of the tests, histochemical studies were performed with neuronal counting in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Results: The results of anxiety and depression behavioral tests showed a significant difference between depressed group and depressed+ECT group (p<0.05). Similarly, studies of the tissue degeneration from hippocampal and prefrontal incisions, showed that ECT could significantly decrease cell death in the depressed+ECT group compared to the depressed group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, ECT can reduce the anxiety and depression behaviors induced by reserpine injections in depressed animals and can cause neurogenesis in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Mohammad-Kazem Khan-Mohammadi-Khorrami, Masoumeh Asle-Rousta , Mehdi Rahnema, Rahim Amini,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background & objectives: The deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in the brain is one of the most important features of Alzheimer's disease. In addition to memory loss, Aβ can lead to depression behavior. Alpha-pinene is a type of monoterpene that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Here, by using an animal model for Alzheimer's disease, we investigated the effect of alpha-pinene on neuronal cell death in the hippocampus and depression induced by Aβ1-42.
Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 240-260 g were divided into four groups including control, alpha-pinene, Aβ, and Aβ-alpha-pinene. Rats were placed in stereotaxic surgery apparatus and Aβ1-42 was injected into the hippocampus (4 µg per side) and alpha-pinene was treated intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. At the end of the course, the level of depression was assessed using the forced swimming test. The animals' hippocampus was also examined microscopically after Nissl staining.
Results: Intra-hippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 increased the total immobility time in the forced swimming test (p<0.01), decreased the number of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area (p<0.001), and reduced the thickness of the neuronal layer in this region of the hippocampus. Treatment with alpha-pinene largely prevented these changes.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that alpha-pinene decreased the beta-amyloid-induced depressive behavior in rats and inhibited the neuronal loss, suggesting that this neuroprotective compound may have a critical role in depression. Alpha-pinene is probably a suitable therapeutic strategy for repressing Aβ-induced neurodegeneration
Hashem Haghdopst, Mohammad Hossein Esmaeili, Mohammad Sofiabadi, Pouria Solimany, Samira Esmaeili,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients suffer from anxiety and depression. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) can remit the depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors induced by diabetes mellitus. We aimed to investigate the effects of chronic administration of hydrogen sulfide on depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in the Streptozotocin (STZ) rat model of AD.
Methods: Animals were divided into: Control, NaHS, and Alzheimer’s rats group include (STZ, STZ + Saline and STZ + NaHS groups) which were the Alzheimer’s rats and received Saline and NaHS (5.6 mg/kg per d) for 21 days. For induction of AD, STZ (3 mg/kg, 10 μl/injection site) was administered into the lateral ventricles. The behavioral consequences were assessed using plus maze, forced swim and sucrose preference tests.
Results: Our results showed that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of STZ decreased the percentage of open arm time and entries, indicating anxiety-like effects. It also increased the duration of immobility time and decreased the percentage of sucrose preference indicating depression-like effects. Sodium hydrosulfide administration in STZ-treated rats increased the percentage of open arm time and entries, indicating anxiolytic-like effects. It also decreased the duration of immobility time and increased the percentage of sucrose preference, indicating antidepressant-like effects.
Conclusion: STZ administration can induce depression- and anxiety-like symptoms in rats, and Sodium hydrosulfide treatment, decreased the depression- and anxiety-like symptoms in STZ rat Model of AD, suggests that Sodium hydrosulfide can be useful in the treatment of affective disorders in AD patients.
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