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Considering the pandemic of the COVID-19 disease, the use of various drugs in patients has been investigated. Recently, numerous studies have been done on the effectiveness of drugs which used to treat the underlying disease such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, as well as coronary artery disease in various countries, because the patients with underlying conditions are more likely to develop COVID-19 disease.
Two classes of the most commonly used drugs in these underlying diseases are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin-receptor-blocking drugs. Because the two classes of drugs that mentioned above increase the levels of enzyme-converting enzyme receptor-2, it has been hypothesized that the initiation or continuation of such drugs will play some roles in initiation, progression or acceleration of the COVID-19 disease. In the case of a COVID-19 pandemic, there are some questions; which method should be chosen? start, continue or stop of the two classes of drugs as well as which one should be chosen to have a lower risk in patients suffering from COVID-19?. Accordingly, the studies reported from different countries which conducted with the aim of investigating this assumption, was reviewed in this article. As a result, all of those studies have announced this common result that the start-up order for these two groups of drugs in patients with COVID-19, who have underlying cardiovascular disease, should be treated in the same way as other patients, based on valid and accepted current guidelines. Furthermore, do not discontinue these medications if the patient has taken any of them before having COVID-19 disease.

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Background & objectives: The main motivator of hospitals is manpower. The expansion and complexity of educational medical centers and the appearance of new diseases such as Covid-19 have increased the need for effective management. During the Covid-19 crisis, in which hospitals are at the forefront, special measures should be taken for better management in critical situations. The current study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the main factors affecting management in crisis and its control.
Methods: The study method was the "Mix Method" performed in two stages. The first stage was exploratory; in this stage 19 university experts as a research sample were selected by simple random sampling. The second stage was a quantitative, confirmative, and survey study. 202 patients were selected randomly as a research sample from both educational-medical centers involved in Covid-19 of Ardabil city. Data were collected by using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis of data was performed using SPSS software for heuristic factor analysis, and LISREL software was also used for confirmatory factor analysis and finding correlations between factors.
Results: In this study, 17 factors were identified and confirmed, affecting the crisis management in 5 dimensions, including; safety training, crisis control, trust in human resources, sense of vulnerability, the physical and mental health, transparency, justice, participation in decision-making, trust in the manager, honesty, the expectation of needs, efficiency, reward, elimination of stresses, fulfillment of manager's promises, controlling of crisis, inter-sectorial solidity. There was a significant correlation between factors with latent variables.
Conclusion: From the perspective of management, being prepared and training the committed forces are very important in controlling the crisis. Manpower plays the main role in the Covid-19 crisis and treating patients, so paying attention to them by considering the factors and dimensions of leadership, social, motivation, organization, and quickness has high importance.
 

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Background & objectives: Covid's anxiety is a threat to students' mental health and it is important to identify the psychological factors that affect it .The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships of Covid-19 anxiety disorder based on cognitive flexibility with the mediating role of perceived social support in students.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, based on Kameri and Lee rule, 322 students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Markaz were selected online through cluster random sampling. Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory, Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling by SPSS₂₇ and AMOS₂₄ statistical software.
Results: The general model of the research was consistent with the experimental data (RMSEA=0.056). There was a negative and significant relationship between cognitive flexibility (p=0.001, β= -0.262) and social support (p=0.001, -0.516) with Covid-19 anxiety. Using the bootstrap method, the mediating role of social support between cognitive flexibility and covid-19 disease anxiety was confirmed (p=0.008, -0.338).
Conclusion: Given the inverse relationship between the level of anxiety caused by the Covid-19 epidemic and cognitive flexibility and confirmation of the mediating role of social support in students, it seems necessary to improve psychological flexibility and supportive measures by the family and others during coronavirus epidemic.

 

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Background & objectives: Covid-19 disease with widespread prevalence in 2019 worldwide has been identified as the biggest health threat, according to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), especially for children. In addition, sleep disorders are one of the consequences of this emerging disease; the aim of this study was to investigate the nutrition and sleep disorders of active and inactive children during the corona pandemic.
Methods: Random multistage cluster sampling was used in four geographical regions of Iran (north, south, west and east) in this research. This study was conducted in 2021 which the questionnaires were gathered from the cities and the sample size (194 people) was determined based on G-Power 3.1 software with 95% confidence and 80% statistical power (evaluation through virtual networks and web questionnaire). The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) Questionnaire, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used. Mann-Whitney U and T-Student tests were used to compare the two groups of active and inactive children. The significance level was considered at p≤0.05.
Results: The results showed that in the Covid-19 pandemic, the group of active children had a better level of physical activity (energy consumption) and status compared to the inactive children (p≤0.001). Also, it was shown that girls had more nutrition disorders than boys (p≤0.05), but there was no significant difference between sleep disorders between boys and girls, and there was no significant difference between nutrition disorders in active and inactive children.
Conclusion: In summary, during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was no difference in eating and sleeping disorders in active and inactive children, while gender is associated with nutrition disorders in children during Corona disease and was higher in girls than boys. It is suggested that parents pay more attention to physical activity and nutrition disorders in girls during home quarantine

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Background & objectives: Lung involvement is crucial in patients with Covid-19. The CT scan plays a key role in diagnosing of this disease. This study aimed to survey CT scan involvement patterns in patients with suspected Covid-19 symptoms.
Methods: The present study was cross-sectional,analytical in which  the statistical population was patients with typical clinical symptoms of Covid-19 who were referred to the hospital imaging center from March 2019 to May 2019. A total of 301 patients were randomly selected as a sample. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The average age of the participants in the study was 54.6±17.6. 151 patients (50.2%) were male. 255 patients (84.7%) were treated on an outpatient basis, 37 patients (12.3%) were treated in the  Non ICU  ward and nine patients (3%) were treated in the intensive care unit(ICU). One hundred sixty eight patients (55.8%) with grand glass conflict, 25 patients (8.3%) with consolidation conflict, 49 patients (16.3%) with linear turbidity were identified while 44 patients (14.6%) had crazy paving, 7 patients (2.3%) had small nodules and 45 patients (15%) had round opacities on contrast-free CT scan. The pattern of conflict in the form of linear turbidity was directly and significantly related to the severity of the disease.
Conclusion: Imaging findings in patients with Covid-19  have a wide range. Despite these findings, attention should be paid to less common and rare signs and symptoms that can help make the right decision and more definitive diagnosis of the disease.
 

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Background & objectives: There is evidence that COVID-19 may have some long-term effects on the patients' blood biochemical and hematological factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the changes in biochemical and hematological factors in adults with and without past history of COVID-19.
Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study including 72 cases with a past history of COVID-19 (PCR+ test) and 52 controls without a history of COVID-19. All participants were from two prospective cohort studies, namely Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Shahedieh Cohort Study. Biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, lipid profiles, liver, kidney and hematological factors of cases and controls were extracted from the databases and analyzed.
Results: The mean red blood cell count in patients with COVID-19 was significantly higher than in non-COVID-19 patients (p<0.05), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly lower in patients with COVID-19 (p>0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of lipid and kidney profiles and liver enzymes.
Conclusion: No significant difference was found between the two groups of patients exposed to COVID-19 and patients not exposed to COVID-19 in terms of liver enzymes, lipid and kidney profiles, which probably indicate that COVID-19 has no long-term effect on these variables. However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.05) regarding the number of red blood cells and MCV.
 

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A severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19)was identified in December 2019 and caused a massive pandemic that claimed millions of lives worldwide. The Chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine is one of the few vaccines against coronavirus disease in 2020. This case report introduces, a patient who developed thrombocytopenia, fever, and lethargy nine days after vaccination with the chimpanzee adenovirus carrier vaccine. The patient was admitted to the hospital and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) symptoms appeared during hospitalization.