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 Background & Objectives:�Lipid peroxidation has recently attracted considerable attention. It has been linked to carcinogenesis, aging and variety of other diseases including atherosclerosis. Atherogenesis involves the complicated interaction between cells of the arterial wall and lipoproteins (mainly oxidized LDL). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum malodialdehyde (MDA), the important indicator of lipid peroxidation and alteration in serum lipids and lipoproteins concentrations in male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

  Methods: The subjects of this study were 51 male patients under 55 with angiographically comfirmed CAD admitted to Shahid Madani Hospital and 60 age and sex matched apparently healthy individuals as the control group. The serum level of MDA was measured by colorimetric method using thiobarbituric acid reaction and lipid and lipoproteins concentrations were determined by standard enzymatic methods.

  Results: Significant elevation in the level of MDA was noticed compared to the controls (P=0.03) . Serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and LDL - C /HDL - C ratio in cases were higher than those of the controls (P=0.03) . There was a positive and significant relationship between serum MDA and biochemical risk factors including Triglyceride, Cholesterol, LDL-C and LDL - C/HDL - C ratio (p=0.03). The correlation between serum MDA and serum HDL-C was negative and meaningful (P=0.03) . No relationship was observed between serum MDA with BMI and age in cases.

Conclusion: Simultaneous control and monitoring of both dyslipoproteinemia and lipid peroxidation may be of equal importance in prevention of occurrence and progression of CAD.

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  Background & Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is a major cardiovascular risk factor such as HTN, HLP and smoking. A primary diabetic cardiomyopathy represents a high risk factor for heart failure in the absence of ischemic, valvular and hypertensive heart disease in the diabetic population. CAD is more common in diabetic patients and it is almost asymptomatic.

  Unquestionably, an early detection of LV damage and CAD is a major goal for the prevention of cardiac disease in the diabetic population.

  Methods: This study was done as Cross-Sectional method. The study sample consisted of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension and cardiac symptoms (mean age 47 years) who recourse to diabetes clinic of Ardabil Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2009-2010. Left ventricular (LV) function was studied by echocardiography and exercise test using Bruce protocol. Data from the patients were collected and analyzed using SPSS 17 software.

  Results: All studied cases had a normal systolic function. 22 cases (55%) had diastolic dysfunction and 8 people (20%) had a positive stress test, which all had diastolic dysfunction too.

  Conclusion: This study showed that an impairment of left ventricular diastolic function occurs early in the natural history of diabetes mellitus and CAD is more common in diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction.

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  Introduction : Cardiac events due to coronary artery disease (CAD) are the most common cause of death in all over the world. Myocardial ischemia and its consequent heart failure are considered as common problems and complications of CAD. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-ischemic effects of fibrates in patients with CAD.

  Methods : This clinical-trial study was conducted on patients with dyslipidemia and CAD referred to the Baqiyatallah university hospital, Tehran, during 2008-2010. A total of 124 patients randomly divided into two groups: the first group (64 patients) received simvastatin (20-60 mg/day)+fenofibrate (200 mg/day) with lipid-limited diet and exercise and the second group (60 patients) received simvastatin (20-60 mg/day) with diet and exercise for one year and the patients were evaluated at the end of this period.

  Results : The mean age was 54.3±6.5 years and 53.2% of patients were male. Metabolic equation index was changed from 4.32±0.5 to 5.68±0.5 at the first group (P<0.001) and 4.43±0.9 to 4.41±1.1 at the other one (P=0.121) and also time of exercise was changed from 5.21±1.81 to 6.01±1.8 (P<0.001) and 5.43±1.26±5.23±1.2 (P=0.089) respectively. No serious adverse effects were seen.

  Conclusion : Lipid-lowering therapy with simvastatin and fenofibrate reduces myocardial ischemia. Therefore it’s recommended to add fenofibrate to statinsin the treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with high risk of cardiovascular accidents as complementary treatment.

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Background & objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance swimming exercise training on structural remodeling (volume and parenchymal cell number) and apoptotic index of adrenal gland in pregnant rats exposed to cadmium poisoning.
Methods: A total of 32 pregnant rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were randomly divided into four groups of control, cadmium, swimming, and cadmium-swimming. Cadmium dissolved in drinking water was administered to treatment groups, available ad libitum during pregnancy. Swimming exercises 5 days/week and 60 min/day were performed from the first day of gestation until the end of the period. Two days after delivery, the mothers were sacrificed and their adrenal glands were removed. After stabilizing the samples, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and TUNEL assay were performed, and the number of necrotic and apoptotic cells in 10 microscopic fields was counted randomly. The size of various regions of the adrenal gland and total number of parenchymal cells were estimated using stereological methods. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA under SPSS software (version 21).
Results: Cadmium poisoning caused extensive bleeding and tissue destruction in the adrenal gland of the pregnant mothers, but endurance training reduced the amount of bleeding. Cadmium poisoning during pregnancy decreased the total volume of the gland, the volume of the cortical part and its different layers as well as the number, size and function of parenchymal cells in all three cortical zones, especially the fasciculata zone. Performing swimming exercise training in this condition worsened the structural state of the gland and led to a further reduction in the number of parenchymal cells within all three parts of the adrenal gland.
Conclusion: Exercise training in determined intensity increased the structural and morphological complications of cadmium toxicity in the adrenal gland of pregnant rats. So, pregnant mothers are advised to use low-intensity exercises and trainings.