Background and Objectives: Oxidative stress has a role in the pathogenesis of type II diabetes due to increase in insulin resistance or disorder in insulin secretion and atherosclerosis. Food antioxadants including carotenoids protect against diabetes by preventing oxidation reactions. Therefore, this study was conducted in Sabzevar to study the relationship between carotenoids and blood sugar and lipids in type II diabetic patients.

 Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on type II diabetic patients who were randomly sampled. Their height and weight were measured and relevant data on nutritional intake and frequency in 3 successive days were collected through 24-hour recall. Measures were domesticated and converted to grams. Carotenoids of the intakes were calculated. Blood sugar, triglycerides and serum cholesterol after 12 hours fasting were measured through enzymatic procedures. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics and partial correlation.

 Results: 75 type II diabetic patients with mean age of 54.05±14.2 years, mean BMI of 27.02±5.03 Kg/m² participated in the study. Their mean blood sugar, triglyceride and cholesterol were 196.36±87.82, 262.84±147.89 and 243.98±60.76 mg/dl respectively. Mean daily intake of beta carotene was 1236.56±810.21 mcg, alpha carotene 878.170±149.04 mcg, lutein 1163.40±819.77 mcg, zeaxanthin and lycopen were 2195.77 ±988.70 mcg.

 Conclusion: Our results showed that most carotenoids negatively correlated though not significantly with their blood sugar and lipids.

  Background & Objective: Diabetes is one of diseases in which the main part of treatment depends on the patient's responsibility. Therefore their knowledge of the various aspects of nutrition has great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetic diet education on nutritional behaviors. FBS and BMI of patients with type II Diabetes mellitus in Iranian Diabetic Association.

  Methods: 88 type II diabetic patients from Iranian Diabets Association (Karaj Branch) participated in this study. The Patients were randomly divided into two groups as experimental (44) and control group (44). Data were collected with a valid and reliable questionnaire (58questions) and checklist in two stage of before and one month after intervention.

  Results: After the intervention in the experimental group regarding diabetes and nutritional behaviors, there was a significant increase in mean score of knowledge (from 57.50 to 80.18) and a significant decrease in the mean of BMI (from 28.3 to 27.9) and in the mean of fasting blood sugar (from 167.9 to 134.5) (p<0.001). However, there was no significant change in the control group.

  Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated the efficacy of education on FBS and BMI in patients with type II diabetes.

  Background & Objectives: Obesity is an important risk factor for many diseases and hormonal and metabolic factors have a great impact on its development. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between leptin and growth hormones with anthropometric indices and blood glucose in healthy men.

  Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study on 30 healthy adult men aged 18-49 years in Tonekabone city during 2011-2012. Samples were randomly selected and information on anthropometric parameters (waist circumference, body mass index and waist/hip ratio), fasting blood sugar, serum levels of leptin and growth hormones were recorded and blood sampling was performed After 12 hours of fasting (at 8 am). Data were analyzed using software SPSS 15 by non- parametric Mann – Whitney and Spearman test s and multiple regression analysis.

  Results: Serum leptin levels were negatively correlated with serum level of growth hormone ( P<0.05) and positively related to body mass index ( P<0.01) , waist circumference ( P<0.01) and the body weight ( P<0.05). Inverse relationship between serum growth hormone levels with age and fasting blood glucose were observed (P<0.05). Serum levels of leptin were significantly higher in overweight and obese than normal weight subjects (P<0.01) and mean leptin levels in subjects with central obesity ( waist circumference≥94cm) were significantly higher than men without central obesity (waist circumference<94cm) (P<0.01).

  Conclusion: This study showed that growth hormone level was negatively correlated with serum level of leptin. Low serum growth hormone and high serum leptin levels were associated with obesity and upper body fat distribution. Obesity and abdominal obesity are also associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome