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Showing 62 results for Ast
Behrooz Dadkhah , Mohammadali Mohammadi ,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (9-2002)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer occurring among women and the second leading cause of death from cancer among them. The mortality rate of breast cancer is directly related to the stage of the disease when diagnosed, and is reduced by regular breast cancer screening program. This survey is carried out to identify the knowledge, attitude and practice of women in Ardabil about BSE. Methods: In this descriptive study, 150 women with 20-25 years of age, were selected through systematic cluster sampling. Knowledge, attitude and practice of them about BSE were investigated through face to face interview, and the obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: 44% of women had some information about breast cancer. 44.7% of them had average information about BSE. There was statistically significant relationship between knowledge of BSE on the one hand and age, marital status and history of previous breast examination on the other. 52% of them believed in BSE for early detection of breast cancer. Their attitude towards BSE was positive (51.3%) and there was a significant relationship between their knowledge and attitude. 18% of the subjects practiced BSE at least once, and their overall practice was in a weak level (46.7%). Conclusions: Qualitative researches could be recommended to recognize the factors effective in the improvement of acceptance of breast cancer screening methods among women.
Nayereh Aminisani , Seyedmorteza Shamshirgaran , Farnaz Ehdaivand , Afrooz Mardi ,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2003)
Abstract
Background & Objective : Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide and accounts for the majority of their deaths due to the cancer. Hence, diagnosing its risk factors is of great importance. In this study the association between abortion and breast cancer risk was investigated. Methods : In this Case- Control study in Mashhad, 105 patients with confirmed breast cancer were compared with 105 healthy women who were living in their neighborhood and were the same age. A questionnaire including demographic information as well as same questions regarding the factors associated with conception and emphasising abortion were used to collect the data, which then were analyzed using SPSS ver 9. Results : the findings indicated a relationship between breast cancer and history of abortion, compared to women with no history of abortion (OR=2.09 95% CI=1.18- 3.69). Also there was a significant relationship between the frequency of abortion and breast cancer (P=0.008 ). but odds ratio was not higher among women whose age at first abortion was less than 20 years. Also abortion before first full- term pregnancy increased breast cancer risk (OR= 5.97 95% CI=1.18-19.6). But the age at the time of abortion did not have any effect on the breast cancer risk. Conclusions : The findings suggested that the risk of breast cancer has a positive relationship with frequency of abortion and the risk is even higher if the abortion occurs before the first full-term pregnancy. Thus, health interventions seem to be necessary in this regard.
Ali Nemati , Mohsen Sagha , Hojatollah Nouzad Charvadeh, Mohammadhosein Dehghan ,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2003)
Abstract
Background & Objective : Nutritionists have traditionally recognized breakfast as the most important meal of the day. The importance of eating breakfast is for growing and nutritional well being of children. While health habits such as eating breakfast, maintaining weight, and sleeping regularly are related to the longevity of adults, very little is known about the health habits of disadvantaged school-age children. This study set out to evaluate eating breakfast among adolescent girls and its relationship with body mass index, weight and nutrient intake. Methods : This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 611 adolescent primary and secondary school girls (10-14 years old) in Ardabil. Anthropometric studies (height, weight, and MAC) and nutritional status (24 hour recall and food frequency) were done, and the students were asked about eating breakfast and other snacks. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 9 and Food Processor. Results : About 16.85% of girls had come to school without eating breakfast. BMI and body weight of these students were significantly more than those of girls who ate breakfast (P<0.05). On the other hand snack intake among the girls who did not use to eat breakfast was more than that among breakfast eaters (P<0.05). The amount of calorie, protein, thiamin, niacin, calcium and iron intake in breakfast-eating girls was more than those among non-eaters (P<0.05). The amount of folacin, riboflavin, calcium and zinc intake in non-eaters was less than recommended dietary allowance of WHO. The result of food frequency showed that the consumption of food such as protein different types of bread, potato, and legume among breakfast eaters was more than their consumption among non-eaters. Conclusions : This study indicated that eating breakfast can provide adequate calorie and nutrients but its omission can not only lead to lower calorie and nutrients intake but also have an unfavorable effect on food habit and weight of the students.
Manoochehr Barak , Nayereh Aminisani , Nategh Abbasgholizadeh , Mehrdad Mirzarahimi ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Each year thousands of children under five years old die due to acute respiratory infection and diarrheal diseases. A huge number of infants and children are hospitalized and visited by the physicians whereas most of these diseases can be prevented with timely treatment. Child health maintenance and improvement is one of the most important considerations in each society. Moreover, identifying child morbidity patterns should be a matter of concern in order to improve the health services. This study provides an overview of the leading causes of hospitalization among children with the aim of determining the most important causes of hospitalization and offering appropriate strategies to decrease them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2001 in Ardabil Ali-Asghar hospital. The subjects were randomly selected from the admission list on a daily basis. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics such as age, sex, time of admission and primary diagnosis was completed for each subject. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1945 patients were admitted almost half of which were studied. Febrile convulsion was found to be the most common cause of hospitalization (26%) while gastroenteritis (22.1%) and pneumonia (20%) were in the second and third order. Other causes included epilepsy, drug poisoning, meningitis, mumps, drug encephalitis, asthma, etc. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, standard case management is necessary especially about febrile convulsion which is the most common cause of hospitalization. Since the present pattern is different from similar studies, further investigations are required to identify its causes.
Masoumeh Rostamnegad, Firooz Amani ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Mother ’ s milk is the best food for the newborns and has positive effects on both mother and infant health, decreasing infant mortality, satisfying emotional needs of mother and infant and economizing the domestic as well as social expenditures. Unfortunately, because of different economical, social and cultural reasons in many parts of the world breast feeding and its length of time has decreased. WHO emphasizes breast feeding in the first six months of life in developing countries. This study is an attempt to determine the causes of unsuccessful breast feeding in the first six months after birth in Ardabil. Methods : This descriptive analyticalstudy was conducted on 160 mothers who had 2- month- old or younger infants and did not have exclusive breast feeding until the end of 6 months. The researchers referred to 4 health centers, selected based on cluster sampling, in order to select the qualified mothers and complete the questionnaires in their presence. Results: Most of the mothers (37.5%) have begun feedings supplementary nutrition to their infants at the age of 2-4 months. The most common (90.5%) cause for the lack of the exclusive breast feeding was found to be insufficiency of mother milk.Most of the mothers (67%) stated the infant cry as the main reason for this insufficiency. There is a significant relationship between exclusive breast feeding on the one hand and the delivery, time of first feeding, occupation and mother ’ s education on the other (p<0.05). Conclusion : Social and economic conditions and misbeliefs have all affected the success of exclusive breast feeding. Most of these problems can be prevented through proper trainings.
Naser Safaii , Nasrollah Maghami Pour ,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objectives:Aortic coarctation occurs in 6 to 8% of patients with congenital heart disease. It is the fourth most prevalent heart disease which requires catheterization and surgical involvement in the early years of life. If surgical repair is not conducted on-time, it can lead to heart failure (HF) and death. That is why we decided to study this disease in shahid Madani hospital, Tabriz. Methods:53 patients with aortic coarctation who underwent surgery from early 1999 to late 2003 in Tabriz Shahid Madani Research and Health center were studied retrospectively. Results: 88% of the cases were diagnosed during routine examinations. The most frequent complaints of the patients were palpitation (45%) and exertional dyspnea (41%), and the most important signs were systolic ejection murmur in 96%, weakness of lower limbs pulses in 86% and hypertension in 45%. In ECG, 96% of the patients had LVH and in CXR, 45% had cardiomegaly. In angiography, 100% of the patients had apparent aortic coarctation, which in 14 this was associated with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) In other 15 cases, PDA was not reported in angiography but was discovered during operation. The most common surgeries were resection, end-to-end anastomosis (43%) and Dacron patch angioplasty (39%). In both methods the pressure graradient decreased to under 10 mmHg in the site of anastomosis and the late complications in the patch method was more than the other one. Conclusion:The diagnosis of this disease had been delayed in these patients because of imprecise examination of all four limbs' pulses at the first examination of the patients, the patients' own ignorance, misdiagnosis, mismanagement and symptomatic therapy. In spite of PDA and low blood pressure in coarc region, these patients did not have severe pulmonary hypertension. Resection and end-to-end anastomosis is associated with less common late complications and if conducted in early ages, it can lead to complete recovery.
Ahmad Hashemzadeh, Farhad Heidarian,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (6-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Respiratory distress is one of the most important causes of children admission in hospitals. In most cases, it is due to pneumonia, asthma or acute bronchiolitis. Since theses diseases have a lot of symptoms in common, we decided to study these disorders in more details to facilitate the appropriate diagnosis and treatment based on clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings. Methods: 238 children who suffered from respiratory distress and were admitted to pediatric ward in Ghaem hospital were studied. This descriptive study was performed during 3 years including 2 retrospective and one prospective year. The relationship between variables was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The patients were six months to five years old. Pneumonia (40.3%) asthma (30.3%) and bronchiolotis (16.8%) were the most common causes of respiratory distress. Totally, 61.1% of the patients were male. The mean age of the patients was 10.3 months in bronchiolitis and 36.6 months for asthma. The most common symptom among these three diseases was tachypnea. Most of the patients were admitted in winter and fall respectively. The main radiologic pattern in pneumonia was pulmonary infiltration and for asthma and acute bronchiolitis it was pulmonary hyperinflation. Conclusion: Proper attention to signs and symptoms as well as laboratory and radiologic fndings is necessary for accurate diagnosis. In this study the most common cause of respiratory distress in children under 5 was found to be pneumonia, asthma and bronchiolitis respectively.
Ahmad Daryani, Golam Hosein Ettehad,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Intestinal infestation is among the most common infections in the world, being responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal infestation and related risk factors among students of primary schools in Ardabil. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in 24 primary schools of Ardabil in 2003. A total of 1070 school children between 7-13 years of age (527(49.3%) boys and 543(50.7%) girls) took part in this study. Fecal specimens were collected by random sampling and were examined for ova, larva and cysts of intestinal parasites using direct wet mount and formalin-ether concentration methods. Results: A total of 1 0 species were identified, Giardia lamblia (14.2%), Blastocystis hominis (10.2%) and Entamoeba coli (4.1%) were the most common parasites, respectively, the over all prevalence rate for at least one parasite was 27.7%. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of parasites by sex, age, class grade and rate of infection (p>0.06). Conclusion: This study indicated that there is a high rate of intestinal infestation rate among primary school students. So health education about personal hygiene is necessary for the students and their parents, especially mothers.
Bahman Bashardoost , Hosein Doostkami , Ziba Faalpoor , Khadige Eslamnegad, Ali Abedi ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Cardiovascular events are among the most common causes of mortality in patients with end stage renal disease. Caediac biomarkers such as troponins are very sensitive in diagnosing heart problems. Troponin I can be used to diagnose acute cardiovascular problems in hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study the level of troponin I was measured in 39 hemodialysis patients using ELISA method and BUN, Cr and Hb level before hemodialysis. LVH and LVMI were determined by echocardiography. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The patients were 52.92 years old on average. 26 patients were male and 13 female. The average of tropnin I was 0.78 μ g/l. There was no meaningful relationship between troponin I and LV MI, age and sex. However, a significant relationship was found between the level of troponin I with EF and diastolic dysfunction (p=0.05). Conclusion: Troponin I can be regarded as an indicator of LV dysfunction.
Parvin Yavari, Uadollah Mehrabi, Mohammad Amin Pour-Hoseingholi ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Breast Cancer is among the most common types of cancer in women which in case of early diagnosis and treatment can increase women’s chance of survival. This study was performed in two case and control groups. Methods: This case-control study which was based on hospital records was conducted on 303 breast cancer patients and 303 control women. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS using Chi-square. Results: The study revealed that there were significant differences between the cases and controls with regard to knowledge (p<0.001) and practice (p<0.001) of breast self-examination. 61% of the cases and 32% of the controls mentioned BSE as a necessary measure for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. 76% of the cases and 47% of the controls were not aware of the proper time for BSE (p<0.001). More than two-third of the subjects in each group did not know the proper time and the necessity of BSE in menopause and pregnant women and these was a statistically significant difference between two groups in this regard (p<0.001). Women in case group had done more frequently than controls (p<0.04). Moreover, the BSE intervals in two groups was statistically significant (p<0.01). There was also a significant difference between the reasons of refusing to do BSE in two groups (p<0.05). Subjects in neither group had regularly referred to a physician for examination and early diagnosis. Conclusion:Since the knowledge and practice of women and their referring to a physician for breast examination is inadequate, it seems necessary to devise educational program about doing monthly BSE and hold educational courses to promote women’s knowledge concerning the early diagnosis of breast cancer as well as its appropriate and regular performance.
Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin, Esmaeil Falah , Mohammad Asghar Zadeg, Abdol Hasan Kazemi, Ahmad Daryani, Firooz Amani, Saeide Amani, Mina Agazade, Rasool Abdollahi, Rouhollah Arab,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (6-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Cryptosporidium is an intracellular – extracytoplasmic parasite that has taken much attention in last 20 years as a clinically important human pathogen. Cryptosporidial infection can be transmitted from fecally contaminated food or water and from animal-human or human-human contact. In immunocompromised persons, the illness is much more severe such as debilitation, fatigue, cholera-like diarrhea, severe abdominal cramps, low-grade fever, severe weight loss and Anorexia. Because there was no regional study about cryptosporidiosis in Ardabil, we carried out this survey to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among the children hospitalized in Ardabil. Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was carried out on 371 patients in Sabalab and Aliasghar hospitals of Ardabil between 2004 and 2005. A questionnaire was filled for each patient. Stool samples were examined by concentrated formal - ether method and stained with modified Ziehl-Neelson method. The data were analyzed with SPSS (ver 11) using Chi-square test. Results: We analyzed 371 stool samples from children with diarrhea. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected microscopically in 15 samples. Its prevalence was 4.04% in infected patients. 66.7% of the infected ones were at the age of 6 to 24 months, 20% 25-48 months, and 13.3% 49-72 months. Condusion: Because cryptosporidiosis was more prevalent at the age of 6-24 months, health education is more necessary for their mothers.
Abbas Yazdanbod , Manoochehr Iran Parvar , Firooz Amani , Reza Malekzadeh , Saeid Salavati ,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2006)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer in terms of mortality in the world. Ardabil province, in northwestern Iran, has the highest rate of gastric (predominantly cardia) Adeno carcinoma in Iran. The most common site of upper gastrointestinal cancer in Ardabil is cardia region (its right-side wall). Therefore this study aimed to investigate comparatively histopathology of right and left side of cardia and z-line considering the incidence of inflammatory and precancerous lesions. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on one hundred adults who referred to Aras clinic for endoscopy. Endoscopy was done with video endoscope and a single biopsy was taken from right and left side of cardia and z-line respectively and one from antrum for H.Pylori. All the samples of the biopsy material were fixed in formalin in separate bottles and pathologic study of the samples with regard to inflammatory and precancerous lesions were done according to Sydney classification of gastritis. The collected data wereanalyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: 61 (61%) patients were male and 39 (39%) female. The age range of patients was 19-80 years old (standard deviation 53±16.2). Mild to severe inflammation in left and right side of cardia and z-line was 82.6%, 84%, 97.1%, 93%, mild to severe atrophy in 22.8%, 28.7%, 26.5%, 24.4% and metaplasia type 1 to 3 in 2.2%, 6.4%, 2.9%, 12.2% respectively. Suspected dysplasia in cardia and z-line was only in one case. Analysis of these variables with McNamara, Wilcoxon and Lambda tests showed no statistically meaningful difference considering the histopathological findings in left and right side wall of cardia and z-line Conclusion: This study showed no statistically meaningful difference between right and left wall of cardia and z-line considering the incidence of inflammatory and precancerous lesions. This observation is not consistent with high incidence of right sided cardia cancer. Further study with multiple biopsy sample and more sensitive methods is recommended for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions.
Yousef Bafandeh , Davood Daghestani ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Patients with esophageal SCC and GEJ adenocarcinoma have a poor prognosis. The advanced stage tumor is not amenable to cure and requires palliation, specially to relief dysphagia and to improve quality of life. Esophageal stenting has been shown to be faster, and longer lasting method of palliation. Esophageal expandable stents have been available recently in IRAN. The aim of this study was to report the results of our experience to relief dysphagia by means of stents, specially plastic removable types. Methods: This was a prospective trial in 60 patients with strictures due to malignant esophageal and /or GEJ cancers and those who had undergone anastomotic procedure during 2001 to 2005. These patients referred to endoscopy clinic of Tabriz Immam hospital for stenting. Dysphagia was scored according to a 5-point scale before stenting, 3 days after, and later during follow-up period of a mean of 7.6±6.6 months. Barium study and endoscopy was done for evaluation of site and length of stricture, and its etiology. Strictures were dilated up to 15 mm before stenting. The data were analyzed using correlation test, Chi-sqare and T- tests. Results: Covered metallic Wallstent was used in 12 patients removable covered polyflex stents in 47 and double lumen metal stent in only one case. Stents were successfully deployed in all cases. Dysphagia improved significantly by all stent types compared with the presenting status, after 3 days (p<0001) and during follow up period (p<0.05). Distal displacement of stents was seen in 16 (32%) patients, all of which happened during 1-3 months after insertion. In polyflex stents, the way restored by endoscopic intervention. Tumor overgrowth at the end of stent was seen in 4(8%) of the cases. Mean period of survival was 7.6± 6.6 months. In no case was the death directly attributable to the procedure. Conclusions: Self-expandable plastic stents (SEPS), have favorable efficacy in palliating dysphagia. Their insertion is easy, with low risk and successful and associated with a lower rate of complications, morbidity and mortality in majority of the patients.
Maryam Zakeri Hamidi , Saeideh Zeiyaei , Anooshirvan Kazem Negad ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Dysmenorrhea is a common complaint among women, which is occasionally accompanied by gastro-intestinal problems. This study was designed to consider the therapeutical effects of vitamin E on gastro-intestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea due to primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This was an experimental randomized study. A questionnaire was given to three hundred girl students suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Then 128 girls who had gastro- intestinal symptoms accompyning dysmenorrhea entered the study. 69 subjects were assigned to case group and 59 to control group. From two days before the period until three days after it, four pills of vitamin E (400IU) daily were given to the case group and four chewing placebo were given to the control group as well, for four months. The data were analyzed by SPSS using Chi-square test. Results: The findings showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gastro-intestinal symptoms after two months of treatment. But after four months of treatment there was a significant difference in the gastro-intestinal symptoms between the two groups (p=0.001). Conclusions: Vitamin E is effective to be used after the second month of treatment to treat the gastro-intestinal symptoms in girls with primary dysmenorrhea.
Mohammadhosein Somi, Sara Farhang , Taher Eftekhrsadat, Eiraj Gorbani Golzari ,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives:Barrett’s esophagus is the most severe complication of gastroesophageal reflux which may lead to Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The epidemiologic aspects of this condition is not completed studied in Iran. The aim of this study is to appraise short segment Barrett’s esophagus in patients which are evaluated due to their reflux related symptoms in a university endoscopy center. Methods:During this cross-sectional study, short segment Barrett’s esophagus was investigated in 100 consequent patients with reflux symptoms (heart burn and/or acid regurgitation) for at least one year. After obtaining their consent for upper endoscope, they were studied interms of short barrett esophagus Four biopsies from esophageal side of gastroesophageal junction for histologic evaluation, and one from antrum for rapid urease test used for Helicobacter pylori were obtained. Barrett’s esophagus was confirmed by appearance of intestinal metaplasia by two pathologists. Results: Among 100 eligible subjects, 39 patients were male and 61 were female with a mean (±SD) age of 42.31±15.12 years. Prevalence of short segment Barrett’s esophagus in this study was 8%. Barrett’s esophagus was not related to gender, symptoms and their severity but was significantly more frequent in patients experienced their symptoms for more than 5 years. Barrett’s esophagus was not related to the presence of esophagitis. Infection with Helicobacter pylori was related to less esophagitis but was not related to presence of Barrett’s esophagus. Conclusion:According to the high prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus in subjects with reflux related symptoms in our region, upper gastroesophageal endoscopic evaluation of patients with symptoms more than 5 years is recommended even before age 40. Patients may benefit from Concentration the attention of the endoscopist for taking biopsies.
Davar Amani , Mohammadhasan Zahir , Mojtaba Karimzadeh, Sadegh Feizollah Zadeh, Mohammadhosein Dehghan ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) develop as recognition and defense against malignant cells by the host immune system. T cells are the most tumor infiltrating immune cells. There are controversial data about intratumor T cells and many have proposed diverse mechanisms for dysfunction of TILs. The aim of this study is analyzing Tumor Infiltrating T lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer by immunophenotyping. Methods: Sixteen women suffering from breast cancer were examined thirteen of them were confirmed histologically to be invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Tissue samples from patients and matched control group were processed for analysis by flow cytometry. Results: Results indicated that human breast cancer contain variable numbers of TILs. No significant changes in the percent of intratumor CD45+, CD3+ and CD3+/CD45+ cells were observed between studied group. Also there were no significant differences between cancer patients (group 1 and 2) and control group in the case of infiltration and activation status of T cells subpopulations. CD4+ cells in IDC patients and CD8+ cells in patients with other tumors (ILC+AMC) were the most infiltrated TILs. Intratumor TCD8+ cells expressed HLA-DR markers significantly more than CD25 as activation marker. In this investigation we could not find any correlation between TIL and both size and clinical stages of tumor. Conclusion: An immune infiltrate is an invariable finding in breast cancers, with considering the activation marker expression, TIL may be activated, albeit partially. Understanding the insensitive and/or suppressive nature of cancer cells to the immune system may provide important insights into tumor escape mechanisms as well as the development of anti-cancer strategies.
Gholamreza Sharifirad , Aziz Kamran , Mohammadhasan Entezari ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Diabetes is one of diseases in which the main part of treatment depends on the patient's responsibility. Therefore their knowledge of the various aspects of nutrition has great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetic diet education on nutritional behaviors. FBS and BMI of patients with type II Diabetes mellitus in Iranian Diabetic Association. Methods: 88 type II diabetic patients from Iranian Diabets Association (Karaj Branch) participated in this study. The Patients were randomly divided into two groups as experimental (44) and control group (44). Data were collected with a valid and reliable questionnaire (58questions) and checklist in two stage of before and one month after intervention. Results: After the intervention in the experimental group regarding diabetes and nutritional behaviors, there was a significant increase in mean score of knowledge (from 57.50 to 80.18) and a significant decrease in the mean of BMI (from 28.3 to 27.9) and in the mean of fasting blood sugar (from 167.9 to 134.5) (p<0.001). However, there was no significant change in the control group. Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated the efficacy of education on FBS and BMI in patients with type II diabetes.
Ashraf Mahboby, Zahra Basirat,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (6-2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Mastalgia is a common breast disorder affecting lots of women during reproductive ages and leads to cancer phobia in some women. It increase clinical referring and disturb the social activities and familial communities. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, sonogarphical and mammographic findings in patient with mastalgia. Method: This cross-sectional study was done on 160 patients with mastalgia who referred to gynecologic clinic, Yahyanejad hospital, Babol University of medical sciences. They were examined by gynecologist, then in patients under 35 years sonography and older than 35 years mammography was done. Other information including age, menarche age, age of first pregnancy, number of delivery, history of oral contraceptive usage or hormone replacement therapy, family history of cancer, knowledge of diet recommendation for mastalgia and correlation of mastalgia with menstrual cycle were recorded for all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS10. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.8±9.9. Tenderness was observed in 122 (76.3%) patients. Fibrocystic disease was seen in 42 (53.2%) patients in mammography and 50 (40.3%) in sonography. There were normal findings in 29 patients (36.7%) in mammography and 60 patients (48.4%) in sonography. Conclusion: In the majority of women with mastalgia, sonography and mammography showed normal or fibrocystic changes. A comprehensive history and breast exam is essential to make decision.
Mehrdad Kashifard, Zahra Basirat,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (6-2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Mastalgia is a common breast disorder affecting lots of women during reproductive ages and leads to cancer phobia in some women. It increase clinical referring and disturb the social activities and familial communities. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, sonogarphical and mammographic findings in patient with mastalgia. Method: This cross-sectional study was done on 160 patients with mastalgia who referred to gynecologic clinic, Yahyanejad hospital, Babol University of medical sciences. They were examined by gynecologist, then in patients under 35 years sonography and older than 35 years mammography was done. Other information including age, menarche age, age of first pregnancy, number of delivery, history of oral contraceptive usage or hormone replacement therapy, family history of cancer, knowledge of diet recommendation for mastalgia and correlation of mastalgia with menstrual cycle were recorded for all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS10. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.8±9.9. Tenderness was observed in 122 (76.3%) patients. Fibrocystic disease was seen in 42 (53.2%) patients in mammography and 50 (40.3%) in sonography. There were normal findings in 29 patients (36.7%) in mammography and 60 patients (48.4%) in sonography. Conclusion: In the majority of women with mastalgia, sonography and mammography showed normal or fibrocystic changes. A comprehensive history and breast exam is essential to make decision.
Hosein Hatami, Feizollah Mansoori,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (6-2009)
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax is a rare disease that occurs 2 to 5 days after the ingestion of undercooked meat contaminated with anthrax spores. The signs and symptoms of classic form include severe abdominal pain, hematemesis, melena, sudden and progressive ascites and severe diarrhea. The disease usually progresses to toxemia, shock, and eventually death in more than 50% of patients. Treatment-failure with penicillin is common. We report two cases of GI anthrax with review of literature. During 1988-1994 a total of 38 cases of human anthrax had been admitted in Sina hospital of Kermanshah (west of Iran). There were two cases of GI anthrax (5.3%) with positive culture of ascitic fluid. One of patients unexpectedly was diagnosed with vomiting and ascites and the other had only ascites. There were not any other signs and symptoms including abdominal pain or tenderness, diarrhea, hematemesis and melena. In contrast to available reports, these cases had atypical presentations. Both of them died although they had received sufficient dose of penicillin. We conclud that the GI anthrax is not as rare as reported but it may be misdiagnosed due to atypical presentation . Therefore, GI anthrax should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the case of progressive ascites and other GI presentations in endemic areas. This could help to diagnose more patients particularly in an early stage which may lead to better management of disease.
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