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Showing 39 results for Ari
Farhad Salehzadeh , Shahnam Arshi ,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (9-2002)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Control of TB is regarded as a health priority program in underdeveloped countries, and Iran in no exception in this regard. Annual risk of infection (ARI) is an important index in this program. This index shows the percentage of people in a society who have been contaminated, and consequently their skin test has changed from negative to positive. In this study, Tuberculin skin test is conducted on Ardabil primary school students and its changes, if any, after one year have been regarded using renewed skin test in order to show ARI in this age group. Methods: 780 students were selected from among 17 primary schools using simple random sampling method. They were 8-14 years old, (mean 9.92). Tuberculin skin test was performed on all subjects two times with a one- year interval (May 1998-1999). The test results were recorded and analyzed. In this study PPD over 10 mm was considered positive. Results: In 55 (7.1%) students the test was positive in both tests, and in 33 (4.2%) students, PPD changed from negative (first time) to positive (second time) and in 78 subjects the results were doubtful. 765 students (98.1%) had history of BCG vaccination. Conclusions: This study indicated that, firstly, over the time, BCG has little effect on Tuberculin skin test, and secondly, the high rate of tuberculin skin test changes from negative (first time) to positive (second time) represents probability of severe contamination in this area.
Shahnam Arshi , Homayoun Sadeghi , Mahdi Mohebali , Seyedhashem Sezavar, Arman Javanrozegar , Darioush Emdadi , Vahid Sepehram , Nayereh Aminisani ,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (9-2002)
Abstract
Backgrond & Objective: In recent years, malaria has been a serious problem in Parsabad (a north-western town in Iran). A lot of health-care funding has been allocated to malaria campaign program in this area. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical epidemiology of malaria during 1999-2000. Methods: The data collected through epidemiology forms filled for 509 malaria positive cases during 1999- 2000 was analyzed by EPI2000 software. Frequency tables, X2 test and one way ANOVA were used in this analysis. Results: All 509 Malaria cases diagnosed were P vivax. They belonged to the first seven-month of the year. 69.4% of malaria cases were related to the year 2000 and the others were related to 1999. The most frequent symptoms were chills in 488 cases (95.9%) and fever in 481 of them (94.5%). Sweating was found only in 3.9% of the reported cases. Mean age and standard deviation of patients was 22.9 + 15.6. There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of the distribution of fever and chills. Conclusions: The high prevalence of fever and chills was compatible with the findings of previous studies. If one of the two symptoms is positive in the residents of this area or those people traveling there, malaria should be suspected.
Ahmad Daryani , Behzad Abyar , Gholamhosein Ettehad,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2003)
Abstract
Backgrand & Objective: Enterobius vermicularis is a common helminthic infection and its prevalence in Iran is 25 to 92 percent.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection among children going to daycare centers in Ardabil. Methods : This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2003 on 400 children who were selected from 10 daycare centers using Graham's scotch adhesive tape technique. A questionnaire was filled for every subject and the results were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results : The prevalence of enterobiosis in the children under study was 18.3%. The highest rate (21.62%) was observed among 3-4 year-old children and the lowest rate (16.19%) was seen among 5-6 year-old ones. The infection rate of males and females were 16.4% and 21.2%, respectively. Prevalence of enterobiosis in children of illiterate mothers (54.5%) was higher compared to literate mothers (12.4%) (p< 0.05). Conclusions : In order to prevent this infection, health education especially for illiterate parents or those who have lower level of education is necessary.
Mohammadreza Karimazar , Hooshang Khazan , Eznollah Azar Gashb,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2004)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : More than one hundred countries face the problem of malaria disease. Studies have indicated that thalassemic individuals are relatively more resistant to malaria. The present research set out to investigate this hypothesis in Iraushahr where these is a high prevalence of moralia. The goal of this study is to compare the prevalence of malaria in thalassemic individuals with non- thalassemic ones in Iranshahr. Methods: In this case-control study 100 thalassemic individuals (case) and 100 non-thalassemic case (control) were selected. In addition to serum specimen, their blood sample from their fingertips were also taken to prepare peripheral blood smear. The tests were performed on 200 random samples in July (the peak time of malaria transmission). In this study, both indirect immuno flurecance Assay (IFA) and direct amear technique were used. The data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics including T- test, chi-square and ANOVA. Results: In IFA 20 subjects had positive titer while 80 ones had negative titer. Direct microscopic examination indicated that these, 20 cases had malaria parasite, 10 of whom were affected by p. vivax and 10 whit p. falciparum. In the non-thalassemic people (control group), 75 subjects had positive titers and 25 had negative titer. With respect to the direct smear anamination in non-thalassemic subjects, 18 had malaria parasite, of whom 7 had p.falsiparium and 11 had vivax. The results of malaria antibody titer indicated that the history of being affected by malaria the thalassemic subjects was 92% less than the non-thalassemic ones and this difference was statistically, significant (p<0.05) however, no significant relationship was found in terms of the results of direct microscopic examination and Ginsastaining. Conclusion : Since thalassemic people are more resistant againt malaria futhure researches are required to investigated the resistance to malaria in other blood disorders.
Saied Javad Toutounchi, Parvane Abbaszadeh, Mahmood Barzgar ,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (6-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Hearing is perhaps the most important sense in human beings without which communication with the environment would greatly diminish. Chronic perforation of tympanic membrane, ossicular erosion and tympanosclerosis are major causes of hearing diorders. Nevertheless, a conducting hearing loss is the commonest complication of chronic otitis media. Cholesteatoma which is the most dangerous complication of chronic otitis media is treated by surgery. Tympanosclerosis is also one of the most important complications of chronic otitis media, which leads to conductive hearing loss through ossicular fixation. This study is an attempt to determine the effect of different kinds of chronic otitis media on the hearing of the patients. Methods: In this survey, 440 patients with chronic otitis media, who were surgically treated in the department of otolaryngology between 1998-1999, were studied in terms of various pathology of middle ear and the resultant level of hearing impairment. Results: 37 patients (8.4%) were involved bilaterally with otitis media. The number of operations on the left ear was 10% more than those on the right. The most common pathology recognized in examination was nonprulant perforation of tympanic membrane in 179 cases (40.7%) and the most common pathology recognized in surgery was cholesteatoma in 140 cases (30.2%). From 440 patients, 430 cases had conductive hearing loss and 92 cases (20.9%) had sensorineural hearing loss. Cholesteatoma of middle ear caused the highest proportion of conductive hearing loss and majority of the cases with sensorineural hearing loss (about 30%) whereas tympanosclerosis caused the most severe sensorineural hearing losses. Conclusion: The findings indicated that cholesteatoma and tympanosclerosis were the most common causes of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss with tympanosclerosis as the cause of the most severe sensorineural hearing loss. However granulation tissue is the most common histopathology in patients with chronic otitis media at references and papers.
Akbar Pirzadeh, Abdollah Mahdavi , Mohammad Ali Mohammadi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The hearing organ has a special role in establishing communication among people and their education. Hearing loss causes disorders in communication between human and environment. In growing ages, hearing loss may lead to general educational failure . T his study was conducted in order to determine the relationship between hearing loss and educational failurs. Methods: In this case control study 110 failed students in 5th grade elementary school (case) and 110 other ones (control) were selected by systematic random sampling. Both groups underwent the audiometric tests. The Data were analyzed by EPI 2000 software. Results: The results of this study showed that 9.1% of cases and 0.9% of controls needed sonic energy more than 30db in left ear to hear. The difference was significant (P<0.05) whereas there was no significant relationship between hearing loss and educational failure in rigth and left ear in both groups when the sonic energy used is more than 20db. Conclusion: The failed students are strongly recommended to be annually examined and evaluted by a specialist and if necessary be treated.
Mohammad Bager Setoude, Firooz Amani, Sahar Farahmand Rad ,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Hearing disorders are the most common causes of pediatric communicative and functional disorders in the united states which result in communicative and learning disorders, educational failure and vast socio-economic problems. It is estimated that the incidence of hearing loss in pediatric population is 2-4% and otitis media, which is the second infectious cause after the ordinary cold, is the most common cause of hearing loss in children. Hearing loss is categorized into two distinct groups, namely conductive and sensorineural, the former being more common among children. Most of the causes for conductive hearing loss can be diagnosed and treated. Hence, majority of hearing loss cases can be prevented by taking appropriate measures. This study was performed to examine the incidence and common causes of hearing loss among school children in Ardabil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1999 primary school boys and girls (grades 1-5). The data were collected through a questionnaire in the from of autoscopic examinations and Tuning Fork tests. 654 cases were referred to the audiometric and tympana metrics centers for further examinations as well as filling out the questionnaires. 483 (24.2%) students were definitely suffering from hearing loss. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and SPSS software. Results: In this study, the hearing disorders of male students was more than female ones. The most common causes of conductive hearing loss in both sexes and all 5 grades was cerumen (50.3%) and the second cause was otitis media with effusion (34.6%). The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss was 1.86%. Hearing loss disorders in low socioeconomic households is high (44.1%). There was a meaningful relation between hearing loss disorders and positive family history, educational failure, social class and seasons (p=0.001). Hearing loss disorders are high during the cold seasons (73.90%). Conclusion:Regarding the high prevalence of hearing loss among school children, more extensive and interventional studies as well as wide ranging screening are required.
Masuood Naderpour , Yalda Jabbary Moghaddam ,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2005)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Acute otitis media is the second most common disease of childhood. With inappropriate treatment, it can progress to chronic otitis media which requires surgical intervention. Surgical treatment of chronic otitis media is based on the following two principles: complete removal of pathologic tissues and improvement of hearing level. Trauma to the inner ear cochlea (caused by suctioning, surgical drill and ossicular manipulation at the time of surgery) may cause sensorineural hearing loss. Even slight additional hearing loss can profoundly affect these patients. The objective of this study is to assess sensorineural hearing loss following surgery for chronic otitis media. Method s : This is a comparative, analytic and cross-sectional study performed on 100 patients admitted to ENT ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tabriz between 2000 and 2002. The data were analyzed after being collected using pre and postoperative audiograms. Results: By comparing pre and postoperative audiograms, postoperative sensorineural hearing loss was found in 6 patients (6%) 5 of whom were female. The highest complication rate was seen following tympanoplasty with ossicular reconstruction. No cases of sensorineural hearing loss was found following radical and modified mastoidectomy. Conclusion: Any type of surgical procedures in the middle ear has the potential risk for acoustic trauma and consequent hearing loss. Because middle ear surgery is performed to improve the ear function, more attention should be paid to this risk. In our study ossicular manipulation played a major role in causing sensorineural hearing loss as a postoperative complication.
Shahram Habibzadeh, Afshin Fathi , Homauoon Sadegi , Firooz Amani, Mahiar Gamari,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (4-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Sinusitis is inflammation of perinasal sinuses. Gold standard for diagnosis and etiology of bacterial sinusitis is a positive culture of punctured samples in sterile conditions, which is invasive procedure. This study was designed to compare the effects of clarithromycin versus amoxicillin on treatment of acute community acquired bacterial sinusitis in children. Methods: This study was conducted as a single-blind clinical trial, with 30 randomly selected patients in each of two groups (case and control). Acute sinusitis was defined as sinusitis not lasting more than 4 weeks. Inclusion criteria were defined as existence of post nasal septic drip or nasal prulent secretions plus at least 3 out of 4 conditions as follows: unilateral local pain on face or head, halitosis, deterioration of symptoms in recent 5 to 7 days and axillary temperature equal to or greater than 38 degrees centigrade. For one group of patients (group A) clarithromycin (KLACID) 15 mg/kg in two divided doses, and for another group (group B) amoxicillin 40 mg/kg in three divided doses, were administered. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS (rel 9) using Chi-square and t-test. Results: In view of response to treatment, 9 persons in group B (30%) and 26 persons in group A (86%) felt healthy on tenth day of therapy. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.001) using Chi-square test. Mean days before patients’ improvement was calculated to be 10 ± 0 (mean ± SD) days for group B and 6±1.9 days for group A. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). Conclusion: Despite relatively small sample size, the difference found between effectiveness of two drugs was significant (p=0.001). Thus clarithromycin can be used as one of the effective drugs in treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis.
Pooran Akhvan Akbari , Parviz Molavi, Ghodrat Akhvan Akbari , Mohammad Reza Ghodrati,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: ECT is one of the most common methods in treatment of different types of psychological disorder. The effectiveness of this therapy has direct relation to the duration of convulsion. Knowing the rate of efficacy of anesthetic drugs over convulsion by ECT and preventing of hemodynamic complications are important. This study was conducted to compare effect of Propofol with Sodium Thiopental in the induction of anesthesia during ECT. Methods : The subjects of this randomized, controlled and trial study were 16 patents with psychotic disorders. These patients received Sodium Thiopental and Succinylcholine or Propofol and Succinylcholine during 72 sessions of ECT. Duration of subjective and objective convulsion and hemodynamic changes (HR and MAP) as well as side effects of anesthesia and ECT was recorded. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: Duration of subjective and objective convulsion was lower in Propofol taken group than Sodium Thiopental taken patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.32). The variation of hemodynamic parameter was lower among Propofol taken patients.We observed significant difference between two groups regarding to increase of arterial BP’ mean after taking drugs and immediately after ECT (p=0.04). There was not significant difference from view points of prevalence of respiratory, Hemodynamic complications, nausea, vomiting and restlessness between two groups. Conclusion: Duration of convulsion in induction of anesthesia in ECT with Propofol and Sodium Thiopental was not different.
Roya Motavalli , Gity Ozgoli , Maryam Bakhtiari , Hamid Alavi Majd ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Employed pregnant women have to do their jobs in addition to fulfill their house wife role and behavior, while changes physical and psychological change and needs of pregnant women in home and work place cause some problem for them. Marital satisfactions is one of the criteria’s of mental health, that employment and marital intimacy are it’s influential factors it is different in various societies and are influenced by personal and social characters of community. This study was conducted to compare marital satisfaction and intimacy in employed and unemployed pregnant women in Ardabil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 93 employed and 93 unemployed pregnant women referred to health and treatment centers of Ardebil University of Medical Science, and private clinics of Ardabil. We gathered data by an information form, Enrich Marital Satisfactions Questionnaires and Bagarozi Couple Intimacy Questionnaires. Validity of questionnaires assessed through validity of content and their reliability measured by Cronbach α . Questionnaires were filled by pregnant women. The data analyzed by SPSS 16 soft ware using T-Test, Man-vitny, chi-square, Correlation coefficient, variance analysis, and LSD tests). Results: There was no significant difference between mean of marital satisfaction and general intimacy in employed and unemployed pregnant women. p > 0.05. There was significant correlation between intimacy and satisfaction expect body intimacy (p < 0.01). There was significant difference between marital satisfactions of pregnancy in different trimester. This difference was significant between first and last trimester. It was not significant between first & second & third trimester. 69.9% of unemployed pregnant women and 66.7% of employed pregnant women had relative and medium marital satisfaction and 93.5% of unemployed pregnant women and 94.6% of employed pregnant women had medium intimacy. Conclusion: It seems that employment had no effect on marital satisfaction and intimacy. Considering that most samples had medium intimacy satisfaction, educational programs and consulting is recommended.
Akbar Pirzadeh , Amrollah Hoseini , Mohammad Bagher Sotudeh ,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is regarded as an otologic emergency of which bilateral involvement is rare and simultaneous bilateral involvement is very rare. In most cases the cause is idiopathic and in 30 to 65% of cases recovery happens spontaneously during two weeks period. In this paper we present, a patient with simultaneous bilateral sudden deafness. After complete diagnostic assessment and standard treatment, she was candidated for cochlear implantation as the only remedy, after one year. But, after 15 month she suddenly noticed normal hearing in left ear. This was documented by paraclinical assessment. This case is idiopathic with unfavourable prognosis and we couldn't find any similar report.
Seyed Davar Siadat , Hoda Shirdast , Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi, Darioush Norouzian, Seyed Mohammad Atyabi , Seyed Mahdi Sadat , Sanaz Soleymaniyeh , Ali Sharifat , Arfa Moshiri ,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main antigenic structure expressed on the surface of smooth strains of Brucella. It has been shown that Outer membrane vesicle (OMV) of Neisseria meningitidis efficiently promote IgG and IgM response against the administrated antigen as an adjuvant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of LPS-OMV noncovalent complex in producing of T helper 1 cytokine (IFN-γ) and T helper 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in mice. Methods: LPS extracted by an optimized method based on hot phenol-water extraction. Groups of six BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with LPS alone, LPS with Freund adjuvant and LPS-OMV complex on 0, 14 and 28 days. Levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 were evaluated in spleen cell suspension supernatant by ELISA. Result: Immunization with B. abortus LPS significantly induced high level of IFN-γ in comparison to the other groups immunized with LPS-OMV and LPS+ adjuvant (p<0.05). In contrast, lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were elicited by LPS in the rest groups. Immunization with the non-covalent complex of B. abortus LPS-N. meningitidis serogroup B OMV caused a significant increase of IL-4 and IL-10 compared with the mice immunized with B. abortus LPS (p<0.05), while the titer of IFN-γ is still significantly higher than IL-4 and IL-10 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The raise of IFN-γ following the immunization with all of the compounds (LPS, LPS-OMV non-covalent complex and LPS+adjuvant) indicates the activation of Th1 population that would be correlated to the clearance of the organism due to the amplification of anti-microbial activity of Polymorphonuclear cells. Low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 following the immunization with all compounds would be a sign of Th1 responses dominancy or inhibition of Th2 population proliferation and activity. Such a cytokine pattern would be a sign of the efficiency of brucellosis subunit vaccine because Th2 responses basically have no role in the immune responses against Brucella and may lead to the persistence of intracellular infection.
Hasan Adalatkhah, Farhad Pourfarzi, Mona Akbarighochani,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous units. In sever forms it may lead to major scars on the face and trunk, and significant face and trunk scarring, and psychological disorders. Antiandrogen therapy can be used as a suitable and effective remedy for female acne. Furthermore, they can treat, accompanying androgenic problems. Also, there is no under consideration drug resistance against androgens. The aim of this study is to compare the therapeutic effects of flutamide and doxycycline in moderate acne in females . Methods: This current study is a randomized and blind evaluation trial. 62 female patients participated at this study. They were divided in two groups (case and control). Case group was received 250 mg/day flutamide, control group 100 mg/day doycycline. Both groups also received topical solution of clindamicin 1% twice daily. The length of study was six months . At first visit and the end of the second month of study liver function were tested for the case group patients. Evaluation of resolution in lesions was performed by another physician every two months of therapy. The probable side effects of drugs were recorded. Data were analyzed with SPSS16 software using statistical tests and p ≤ 0.05 considered as significant Results: The mean of patients age was 19.27 ± 3.55 years, and the difference was not found to be statistically significant in two groups. Number of comdeons on face was found to be statistically decreased in flutamide group (p<0.0001). Mean of ASI was found to be statistically decreased in flutamide group (p<0.002). In flutamide group the levels of satisfaction was higher than that of other group. Both medications well tolerated by participiants. Only two patients in flutamide group had lightly elevated serum Alkalin phosphatase . Conclusion: The results of our study showed that flutamide (250 mg /day) is more effective than doxycycline (100 mg/day) in treatment of acne. Satisfaction of participants in flutamide group was higher than those in doxycycline group. In both groups side effects of drugs were insignificant, but using of flutamide in acne treatment needs laboratory considerations .
Mohammad Reza Nasirzadeh , Alireza Nourazar, Mir Hadi Khayat Nouri, Leila Roshangar,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Following to estrogen depletion in postmenopausal womens, its cardioprotective effect decreases. Stroke usually occurs in women during the menopause years. Estrogen hormone therapy is still controversial. Epidemiological data suggest that phytoestrogens have a preventive effect on various estrogen-related diseases/symptoms such as menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular diseases. Some studies suggest that genistein as an important component of soy have cardioprotection effects but its role on inflammation and cardiomyocte injury remained to be elucidated. So, this study was goaled to investigate the cardioprotective effect of methanolic soy extract on heart tissue injures. Method: In this study 40 female rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: 1) Control (intact animals), 2) sham surgery (without ovarictomy), 3) ovariectomized (ovx), and 4) treatment (ovx and soy gavage) group that received 60mg/kg per day soy extract in drinking water for 28days (4 weeks). At the end of experiments, the rat heart tissue was processed histologically and the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to examine under light microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using the wilcoxon test. Results: The results showed that ovariectomy significantly increased inflammation and cardiomyocte injury and soy extract significantly promoted heart tissue recovery (p<0.05). Conclosions: This study indicated that oral administration of soy extract has a positive effect on attenuation of inflammation and myocyte injury in ovariectomized rat.
Maryam Nematollahzadeh, Saeideh Ziaei, Anooshirvan Kazemnejad,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Plasma lipids during pregnancy clearly increase, therefore, normal pregnancy is considered as a hyperlipidemia state. Prior studies suggest that coronary artery diseases connected with parity, but no studies have examined the relationship between parity and lipid levels in Iran. In the current study we investigated the relation between parity and lipid levels in maternal plasma in 13-23 weeks pregnant women. Methods: This study was done on 700 pregnant women with 18-40 years old at their 13-23 weeks gestation. Gestational age was calculated by LMP and ultrasound in early pregnancy. After obtaining informed consent from patients without exclusion criteria of the study, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C was requested for them. Finally, the samples of study divided three groups according to the number of parity: nuliparous , multiparous , Grand multiparous . Data were analysed by SPSS-16 software using ANOVA and partial correlation statistical test. Results: With the exception of TG that showed significance difference in mean (p=0.008), the means of LDL-C (p= 0.37), HDL-C (p= 0.09) and TC (p=0.15) were not statistically significant among the 3 studied groups. Partial correlation test indicated statistically significant relationship between HDL-C with parity. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate decreased HDL-C levels with increasing number of pregnancies. Thus offering the program education and adequate family planning services to women in reproductive age are strongly advised.
Zahra Karimian, Zohreh Sadat, Masoumeh Abedzadeh, Nahid Sarafraz, Mahboobeh Kafaei Atrian, Nosrat Bahrami,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Regarding to high incidence of dysmenorrhea and influence on daily activities and fewer side effects of herbal medicines than chemical drugs, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of mefenamic acid and matricaria chamomilla (MC) on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This triple-blind randomized clinical trial study was done on 90 female students residents in dormitories of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. The subjects were categorized into two groups randomly. Mefenamic acid capsules (250 mg, every 8 hours) were given to the first group from 48 hours before menstruation until 24 hours after it. The second group received MC capsules made in Barij Essence Factory of Kashan (250 mg, every 8 hours). Severity of dysmenorrhea was measured by McGill ruler. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS. The chi-squire, fisher and paired t-test were used. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. Results: The result of this study indicated that both chamomilla and mefenamic acid can reduce the severity of pain and hemorrhage (p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that matricaria chamomilla is effective in decreasing the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and reducing hemorrhage as well as mefenamic acid.
Mohammad Reza Nasirzadeh , Mohammad Heykalabadi , Alireza Nourazar ,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by derangement in protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Most of hypoglycemic agent used in medicine for diabetes treatment are reported to have side effects for long run. On the other hand, increase in oxidative stress is effective in the genesis of diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of alcoholic extract of Euphorbia cyparissias on serum glucose and antioxidant enzymes level in diabetic male rats. Methods : In this study, 40 adult male Wistar rats weighting 250±20 grams divided into four groups randomly: control, diabetic animals, treatment 1 and treatment 2 which received 500 and 250 mg/kg of E.cyparissias extract for 21 days by gastric gavage, respectively. At the end of the treatment, level of antioxidant enzymes including TAC, MDA, SOD and GPX and also blood glucose were determined in animal's serum. Results : The blood glucose levels were significantly lowered in the group of treatment 1 compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). Results showed that MDA level of serum was increased significantly in diabetic group in comparison with control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the TAC, SOD and GPX level were increased significantly in the group of treatment 1 compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study showed that oral administration of E.cyparissias extract has antidiabetic and antioxidant activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Nasrin Fouladi , Farhad Pourfarzi , Jalal Tagizadeh, Hosein Alimohammadi , Raheleh Mohammadi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Addiction is one of the problems in world threating the social, economic and culture factors. It is essential to have an accurate knowledge about the characteristics of drug users in order to diminish the high-risk behaviors of intravenous drug addicts. This research has been done to assess relationship between individual characteristics and high risk behavior in intravenous drug addicts. Method: In this descriptive-analytic research, 360 drug users were selected from different places in Ardabil city and interviewed by a prepared questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests including t-test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA with SPSS statistical software. Results: The results showed that the age, gender, material status, job position, age of addiction start, age of injection start, injection frequency, injection frequency per day, syringe supply place and the partner’s gender during recent few months had no significant difference compared to drug users with needle sharing and without needle sharing. The educational level of drug users with needle sharing was lower (P=0.037) and the number of new syringe usage per month was also lesser (P=0.001). They predicted to be more likely infected with AIDS (P=0.001) and had a less argument with their partner about using condom, also mostly have not used condom at their last sexual relationship (P=0.001). The average number of their partners during last three months was high (P=0.003) and there was a meaningful relationship between true sense of peril and using condom in drug users with needle sharing group (p=0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the true sense of danger and the using condom. It is necessary to have an appropriate advertising to increase using condoms among injecting drug users.
Saeideh Asdagh, Sara Nuroloyuni, Firooz Amani, Tarlan Sadeghimazidi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Dental caries is one of the most chronic diseases in children. Various factors were effective in incidence andprevalence of dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine the dental caries prevalence among 6-12 yearsold school children in Ardabil city.
Methods : In this descriptive–cross sectional study a total of 847 school children (444 girls and 403 boys) were randomly selected from public and private schools in all over of Ardabil city.Clinical examination of children have been done for dental caries according to world health organization (WHO) criteria including determination of DMFT, dmft, DMFS and dental caries prevalence. Data were analysedin SPSS.16 by statistical methods.
Results: Total prevalence of dental caries was 79.7% in children with 71.1 % in permanent and 88.3 % in primary dentition. The mean of dmft, DMFT, DMFS indexes were 2.74± 0.09, 1.6±0.1, and 3.5± 0.1, repectively.Results showed that there was a significant relation between DMFT, dmft and DMFS and age group.
Conclusion : Results showed that the dental caries prevalence among 6-12 years-old school children in Ardabil city was higher than the world standard. Therefore, improving the existing dental services, programing and performing education, prevention and treatment programs for oral health between school children seems tobe necessary in the future.
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