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Showing 582 results for Subject: Special
Farshid Kafilzadeh , Faranak Dehdari , Najmeh Namdar ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Recent studies have shown that aquatic actinomycetes can be a source of new biological products such as antibiotics and i n dustrial products. This study was designed to examine the aquatic actinomycetes isolated from mangrove forests in South of Iran and their antibacterial activities against some human pathogens. Methods: In this study 115 samples were randomly taken from different places of a mangrove forests in South of Iran. Isolation was based on serial dilution of the samples and plating them on starch casein agar medium. Agar well diffusion and disc diffusion assays were used to examine the antibacterial activity of the isolated purified aquatic actinomycetes. Results: The aquatic actinomycetes were isolated from 83 samples (70%). Of them, 66 (80 percent) showed antibacterial activity and 17 (20%) could not inhibit the human pathogenic bacteria. The diameter of the inhibitory zones (ZOI) ranged from 4 to 11 mm and the biggest zone belonged to B acillus cereus (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that the various and useful aquatic actinomycetes for production of new antibiotic compounds are isolated easily from the mangrove forests in South of Iran. Considering the vast spreading of mangrove forests in South of Iran and the economic and simplicity of isolation of actinomycetes for industrial usage, these source can be an important and new place for research and industry.
Hosein Najafzadeh, Mahmood Khaksari Mahabadi, Sareh Rezaie, Peghah Ardalani,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background: Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron is used for different purposes such as an antispasmodic and expectorant. Recent studies have demonstrated that saffron extracts have antitumor, radical scavenger, hypolipidemic, anticonvulsant effects and it improves activity on learning and memory. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect ofaqueous saffron extracton weight, length, macroscopic and microscopic skeletal malformation in fetuses of rats. Methods: Study was carried on 3 groups of female Wistar rats. Group1 was kept as control and received normal saline with equal volume of extract Group 2 received saffron extract with 80mg/kg-IP on 10th and 11th day of gestation Group 3 received saffron extract with 200mg/kg-IP on 10th and 11th day of gestation. Rats were dissected on day 20 of gestation, embryos harvested by cesarean section. The living status and weight and length of fetuses were detected. After examination for determination of gross malformations, fetuses were placed in alcohol and stained by Alizarin red-Alcian blue method then evaluation was carried by stereomicroscope. Results: Saffron extract at dose of 80 mg/kg significantly increased the weights and body-lengths of fetuses in compare with saline and extract at dose 200 mg/kg. Macroscopic and Microscopic studies did not show any skeletal abnormalities by two above doses of saffron. Conclusion: The results show short time administration of saffron aqueous extract does not cause malformation on skeletal system.
Gholamreza Irajian , Reza Mirnejad, Mohammad Reza Jalali Nodoshan, Nafiseh Ghorbanpour,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Prostatitis is relatively one of the common diseases in elderly men. Treatment of this disease is difficult and because of frequent relapses, it provides complicated problems for patients and the physicians. Detection of reservoirs and determination of prevalence of involved microbes in prostatitis are important in the epidemiology and control of the disease. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitaliumin patients with prostatitis by sequencing and PCR-RFLP techniques. Methods : In this cross-sectional study, 200 paraffin-embedded prostate samples from patients with prostatitis during 2008-2011 were checked for M. gentialium. After cutting the tissues and homogenization, the genomic DNA was extracted and used as template in PCR. Primers targeting a 465 bp regions of 16S rRNA of M. genitalium were used in the assay. PCR products were sequenced and Cac8I, Bbs I, EcoRI, AluI, TaqI endonucleases were used in RFLP analysis. Results : Of 200 samples, 4 were positive in PCR. The results of DNA sequencing and RFLP confirmed the amplified genes corresponded to M. genitaliumG37. Conclusion : The Mycoplasma genome present in tissue samples of prostate showed this bacterium could be one of the risk factors for prostatitis in men. However large studies and control groups are needed to prove this finding.
Narghes Roozafzay, Leila Kokabee, Syrous Zeinali, Morteza Karimipoor,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder , which is caused by several different abnormalities in Factor 8 gene . Intron 22 inversion is the main causative mutation in 45-50% of severe hemophilia A patients. Moreover intron 1 inversion is responsible for >5% of severe hemophilia A cases . The goal of this study was to precisely analyse intron 1 inversion of Factor 8 gene in severe Hemophilia A patients who were negative for intron 22 inversion by Inverse Shifting-PCR (IS-PCR) method. Methods: In this experimental study, severe hemophilia A patients with less than 1% of normal FVIII activity level referred from Isfahan Seyedolshohada hospital were analyzed. After obtaining the consent from patients, genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes was extracted. Then, Inverse-Shifting PCR method was exploited for detection of inversion of intron 1 of Factor 8 gene in patients who were negative for inversion intron 22 . Results : In 18 out of 32 patients who were negative for inversion intron 22, 2 (6.2%) had intron 1 inversion . Conclusion : The allele frequency of inversion of intron 1 at Factor 8 gene is in agreement with related studies. IS-PCR is a rapid, robust and cost effective method that can improve the molecular detection of inversion and is useful for analysis of hemophilia A patients, carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis.
Sima Nasri, Mahmood Abedinzade, Masoumeh Jamal Omidi, Farzad Noursabaghi ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is recognized with severe metabolic complications. Many herbal medicines have been recommended for treatment of diabetes. In this study, the antidiabetic and analgesic effect of hexanic and alcohlic extract Trigonella-foenum graecum was investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Present study was carried out in 2011 at Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 48 male Sprague Dawley rats (230-300 gr) were divided into six groups: control, type 1 diabetic, and 4 treat ed groups that received intraperitonealy hexanic and alcoholic extract of fenugreek (100, 200 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. Two experimental models were used (acetic acid, and hot-plate tests) in order to characterize the analgesic effect. Blood glucose was measured with glucometer. Data analyzed with spss software 16 and one way ANOVA and Tukey tests. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results: Compared to control rats, both of the aqueous - alcoholic and Hexan ic extract significantly reduced blood glucose level in all diabetics groups. This effect was stronger in groups that received Hexanic extract (p<0.05) . All groups received the aqueous - alcoholic and Hexan ic extract showed analgesic effect but this effect was more clear in the Hexanic 200 mg/kg group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Fenugreek extract possesses hypoglycemic , and analgesic effects .
Homayoun Ebrahimian, Seyied Mohammad Firoozabadi, Mahyar Janahmadi, Mehri Kaviani Moghadam,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The development of technology has naturally given rise to an increase in environmental low-frequency electromagnetic fields and consequently has attracted scholars' attention. Most of the studies have focused on transmission lines and power system distribution with 50 Hz. This research is an attempt to show the effect of 50 Hz magnetic fields on bioelectric parameters and indicates the possible influence of this change in F1 cells of Helix aspersa . Methods: The present research used Helix aspersa neuron F1 to identify the location of magnetic fields as well as the rate of effects of environmental magnetic fields on nervous system. Control group was used to study the effect of elapsed time, electrode entering and the cell membrane rupture. Intuition group and environmental group were considered in order to study the potential impact of interfering environmental factors and identify the effectiveness rate of magnetic fields, respectively. For the purpose of producing uniform magnetic field Helmholtz coil was used. Electrophysiological recording was realized under the requirements of current clamp. And, in order to show the impacts from magnetic fields on ion channels Hodgkin-Huxley cell model was applied. All data were analyzed taking the advantage of SPSS 16 software and two-way ANOVA statistical test. P < 0.05 was considered as significance level. And MATLAB software environment and PSO were used in order for applying the algorithm and estimating the parameters. Result: No statistically significant difference was found between control and sham groups in different time intervals. Once the 45.87 microtesla was applied significant differences were observed 12 minutes after the application. The highest amount of change happened 14 minutes after the application of more fields. With the application of the field, the amplitude of the sodium action potential shows decreasing trend . No significant changes were observed in different time intervals, whereas significant differences were seen in frequency of action potential during different time intervals. The amplitude of AHP shows no significant changes . Conclusion: The results indicated that low-frequency magnetic fields with 50 Hz frequency will directly lead to change in bioelectric activities of neurons through a change in amount and rate of opening and closing of ionic channels and the conductivity of sodium and potassium channels reduces together with increase in conductance of potassium dependent calcium channel (AHP).
Fahimeh Esfarjani, Fatemeh Rashidi, Seyied Mohammad Marandi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Elevated apolipoprotein B-100 and decreased Plasma HDL due to hypertriglyceridemia are common abnormalities in insulin-resistant subjects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks progressive aerobic exercise (AE) on blood glucose, lipidand lipoprotein profile, and aerobic power in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty nine women with type 2 diabetes (mean age 43.4 ± 1.7 years and blood glucose range of 150 to 230 mg/dl ) were divided into a control (n=14) and exercise (n=15) groups. Exercise group participated in an aerobic training program 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The intensity of aerobic exercise was 60–75% of HR max. The control subjects were asked not to alter their physical activity patterns. All subjects underwent anthropometric, lipid profile and aerobic power evaluation, at the baseline and 48 hours after last session training. Following a 12 h overnight fasting, a venous blood sample was drawn for the analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and (apoB100). Paired t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data. Results: Significant improvement was observed in FBS, aerobic power, percent body fat, (Apo) B-100 and triglycerides (p< 0.05) for the exercise compared with the control group after training. No significant difference was observed in TC, LDL and HDL between two groups. Conclusion: According to our findings moderate intensity physical exercise can be effective in preventing the atherosclerosis via significant improvement in blood sugar, cardiovascular endurance, Apo B-100 and triglyceride in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Mohammad Reza Asgharzadeh, Seyed Mohammad Atyabi, Hossein Khan Ahmad Shahrza, Somaye Asgharzadeh, Akbar Jalili, Reza Ahanghari Cohan, Davod Nouri Inanlo,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Gene therapy and administration of recombinant protein are common approach in treatment of genetic disorders. But many obstacles including frequent administration of desired gene, random integration into the host genome and low expression of protein encourage scientists to design an episome which remains in high copy number in eukaryotic cells and produces desired protein in suitable manner by viral proteins. The aim of this study is designing and construction of a plasmid containing mutated large T antigen of SV40 to develop a safe vector with high replication. Methods: Suitable mutant for creating large T antigen was analyzed by MODELLER software and finally appropriate structures were selected. Target mutation was created in the nucleotide sequence of large T antigen by PCR method. Mutated large T antigen gene was cloned in to the IRES2-EGFP. All clones were analyzed by PCR, restriction analysis and sequencing. HEK293 and CHO cell lines were transfected by final construct and transfected cells were observed by fluorescent microscope for 40 days. Plasmid and genomic DNA were extracted from remained cells and overlap PCRs performed on them to confirm their circularity. Result: This plasmid, containing a mutated large T antigen of SV40, can be replicated in eukaryotic cells and then can be used in gene therapy and recombinant protein production with high safety. Conclusion: The results of PCR, restriction analysis and sequencing confirm the authenticity of construct. The transfection of HEK293 and CHO cell lines showed replication of constructed plasmid in them.
Masoud Entezariasl , Khatereh Isazadehfar, Zahra Noorani,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common complications of anesthesia and without prophylactic intervention occurs in about one-third of patients under general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide in reducing PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods : In this study, 90 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated into three equal groups (n=30) and in the first group 10 mg metoclopramide, in the second group 4 mg ondansetron and for placebo group 2 cc normal saline preoperatively were injected. Anesthesia complications in recovery and nausea and vomiting in recovery and 6 hours and 24 hours after surgery were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS software with chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The incidence of nausea in placebo group was 66.7 %, in metoclopramide group was 43.3 % and in ondansetron group was 33.3 %. The difference only between placebo and ondansetron groups was significant (p=0.019). The incidence of vomiting in placebo group was 56.7%, in metoclopramide group was 20% and in ondansetron group was 26.7% and there was significant difference between placebo and ondansetron groups (p=0.035) and between placebo and metoclopramide groups (p=0.007), whereas there was not any significant difference between intervention groups (p=0.12). Also anti-emetic drug administration in ondansetron group (40%) in comparison with metoclopramide (63.3%) and placebo (66.7%) was lower, but this difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.07). Conclusion: For prevention of vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, both metoclopramide and ondansetron are effective. In comparing these two drugs, in preventing of nausea ondansetron is more effective than metoclopramide, whereas there was not any significant difference between two drugs in preventing of vomiting.
Ali Pezeshki, Mostafa Rezaeian , Mitra Zarebavani,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Giardia duodenalis is the most common intestinal parasite with cosmopolitan distribution. This parasite has been found in the intestine of humans and other mammalian hosts including cats, dogs, cattle, sheep, deer, pigs and muskrats. It is postulated that animals maybe reservoir for human infection and viceversa. In present study, the possible genetic similarity between cat and humans Giardia and its probable zoonosis were investigated. Methods: Direct examination and formalin-ether concentration techniques were performed on stray and semi stray cat fecal specimens. Gradient sucrose method was applied for collection and purification of cysts and DNA extraction was performed by phenol-chloroform and CTAB (Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromid ( methods. DNA of cysts could hardly be extracted after repeated freezing and thawing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for DNA amplification. In this study triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene was selected as a molecular marker. Two sets of primers (PM 290 and PM 924) were considered. Two restriction enzymes RsaI and AvaI were also used to determine restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for PCR fragments amplified by both primer sets. Results: Ten samples were positive for Giardia cysts which were examined for molecular investigation. Four cat isolates were amplified by PM 290. PCR-RFLP patterns were found to be similar to human isolates AC≠AF 069556 (subgroup of AC≠U 57897) with possibility of cross-transmission. Conclusion: Therefore the similarity of genomic characters of isolates of cat and human Giardia implies possibility of zoonosis and transmission of these protozoa from cat to human and vice versa.
Mohammadreza Pirmoradi , Behrouz Dolatshahi , Reza Rostami, Parvaneh Mohammadkhani, Asghar Dadkhah,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) in reduction the signs and symptoms of depression, such as cognitive, bodily and negativity-worthlessness in recurrent major depression. Methods : It was used a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group , a sample consisting of 32 patients who had recurrent depression on the basis of DSM-IV,SCID and BDI-II scale & Hamilton scales, were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group underwent 20 sessions of rTMS as the independent factor and both groups (control &experimental) had 12 sessions of psychotherapy and drugs treatment. Upon the intervention, both groups were tested with triplex tests, to determine the effect of the independent factor on the dependent factor of rTMS. Data were analyzed using Chi square, T- test, covariance and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results : With comprise between pre &post-test, we understand the effect of rTMSin cognitive, bodily and negativity-worthlessness scalesthe difference of two groups was significant, but the decrease of cognitive scale was higher than other two scales. All the tests showed the reduction of signs and symptoms of recurrent depression in participants . Conclusion: The rTMS is effective in treatment of triple signs andsymptoms (cognitive, bodily and negativity-worthlessness) in patients with recurrent major depression.
Shahram Habibzadeh , Ahmad Ghasemi , Moharram Aghabalaii, Jafar Mohammad Shahi, Bita Shahbazzadegan, Naser Mahmoodi , Jafar Hoseini , Younes Sheshgelani , Nahid Pourmohammadjan,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering new pandemic attack with new emerging (H1N1) influenza virus, the study was designed for evaluating clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients in Imam Khomeini hospital, admitted with presumptive diagnosis of H1N1 influenza . In all of the patients clinical and paraclinical findings and outcome (including mortality rate and definitive diagnosis) were evaluated. Bed occupancy rate in infectious disease ward and ICU and also mean days of admission were calculated. Methods: This is a cross sectional study . All 118 patients with acute respiratory symptoms and possible diagnosis of emerging H1N1 influenza that had been admitted at least 24 hours in hospital from 20 October to 1 February 2009 were enrolled in the study. Data collection was done based on questionnaires, with a team other than researchers. The questionnaire included demographic data , clinical symptoms , laboratory findings , radiographic manifestations and outcome of patients. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software version16. Results: A total of 118 patients were studied: 71 patients ( 60.2%) were female and 47 patients ( 39.8%) were male. Mean ( ± SD) age of admitted patients was 33.81 ± 15.64 years old. The most of admitted patients were in age range of 15 to 30 years old. The most common findings in CXR were bilateral respiratory consolidations and the most common symptoms were fever, weakness and fatigue. About 12.7% of patients had diarrhea. Leukopenia (WBC < 4000) and leukocytosis (WBC > 10000) occurred respectively in 4.58% and 33.2% of cases . Nine patients (7%) were admitted in ICU. I n 21 patients (18%) RT-PCR test results were positive and three of these patients had been admitted in ICU. In patients admitted in ICU while their diagnosis was confirmed, mortality was 33%. 48.3% of patients had at least one predisposing medical condition . Total admission days were 577 days, consisting 519 days in infectious disease ward and 58 days in ICU. Average of hospitalization days per a patient was 4.88 days. Conclusion: Except epidemiologic clues, there was no pathognomonic sign or symptom to differentiate influenza H1N1 from other respiratory tract infections. High proportions of pregnant women, bilateral respiratory consolidations, and presence of diarrhea and leukopenia in considerable number of patients were the most important findings of the study.
Akbar Atadokht , Mohammad Narimani, Batool Ahadi, Abbas Abolghasemi, Adel Zahed , Manoocher Iranparvar,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that has negative effect on physical function, psychological condition, interpersonal, family and social relationship and in general, on psychological well being. The aim of this study was to investigate of psychological profile in diabetic patients and it's relatioship with social support. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 120 diabetic patients have been selected among of those that systematically refered to Diabetes Clinic of Emam Khomeini Hospital in order to follow their therapeutic process in Ardabil . Data gathering was accomplished by two tests: SCL-90-R and Social Support Scale. Finally data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and T-test on SPSS-17 software and p-value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Results: Results showed that 70% of diabetic patients had problems in somatic complaint and obsession, 62.5% in sensitivity, 72.5% in depression, 62.5% in anxiety, 55% in hostility, 67.5% in paranoid thoughts, 27.5% in phobia and 37.5% in psychosis. Correlations between social support with somatic complaint, obsession, sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility and paranoid thoughts were negatively significant. Family support associated significantly with all of the psychological variables but friend Support had no significant correlation with them. Conclusion: The range of psychological problems experienced by diabetic patients is more extensive and these problems have significant relationship with social support. Thus, attention to different dimensions of psychological health is necessary and social support-based interventions can be more effective.
Behnood Abbasi , Masoud Kimiagar, Shahriyar Shahidi , Minoo Shirazi, Khosro Sadeghniiat, Mahdi Hedayati , Bahram Rashidkhani,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Advances in public health and control of infectious diseases have led to increased number of elderly people in the world including Iran. Thus serious concerns exist in terms of age-related diseases . Consequently, Iran’s ministry of health has chosen “ageing and health” as the theme for 2012 along with WHO. Psychological disordersare among the most prevalent diseases in elderly people. Recent studies suggest a two-way relationship between some psychological disorders and insomnia. Also there is evidence implying magnesium role in improvement of aforementioned disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary magnesium supplementation on mental health in insomniac elderly subjects. Methods: A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 insomniac elderly subjects randomly allocated into the magnesium or the placebo group, receiving daily for 8 weeks either 500 mg magnesium or a placebo, respectively. SCL-90-R and ISI questionnaires were conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. Serum magnesium and cortisol levels were also determined in the patients. In addition, information was obtained on anthropometric confounding factors and daily intake of magnesium, calcium, potassium and caffeine using 24-hr dietary recall questionnaire for 3 days. The N4 and SPSS19 were used for data analysis. Results: No significant differences were observed in assessed variables between the two groups at baseline. As compared to the placebo group, in the experimental group, dietary magnesium supplementation brought about statistically significant decreases in GSI, PST, PSDI, ISI scores as well as somatization , anxiety, psychoticism , and depression symptoms and serum cortisol concentration. While the obsessive-compulsive , interpersonal sensitivity, hostility , phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation scores and serum magnesium concentration were not different between the experimental and the placebo groups. Conclusion: In this study dietary magnesium supplementation resulted in improvements in insomnia severity index and some indices of mental health.
Hasan Ghobadi, Afshan Sharghi , Jila Sadat-Kermani,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and is considered as one of the top five cancers in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors for lung cancer in Ardabil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Ardabil province since May 2009 to May 2011. Subjects were evaluated from two sources the first group was selected from patients of the Imam Khomeini hospital of Ardabil. These patients were underwent bronchoscopic biopsy in this center and their pathological reports were positive for primary lung cancer. The second group included the patients were reported in Ardabil cancer registry center with diagnosis of primary lung cancer and their samples have been sent to the other centers for analysis. We collected the data in a data sheet for each group separately and analyzed through the use of SPSS (ver. 16) statistical package. Results: A total of 124 patients with lung cancer enrolled in this study (79% in the first group and 21% in second group). The male gender was dominant among the patients (82.3%) and the mean age of 64.23±9.99 years. In the first group more than half of the patients (54.1%) were urban, 90.8% had a history of smoking (mean 38.67±25.70 packs of cigarettes per year) and the history of opium abuse was high among subjects (34.7%), the positive family history of cancer was 17.3%, and the most common chief complaint at the time of diagnosis was bloody sputum (32.7%). Right upper lobe was the most common site of cancer in bronchoscopy of this group (27.64%) and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common form of malignancy (61.3%). Conclusions: This study showed that unlike developed countries and in line with domestic studies, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common lung cancer, and adenocarcinoma was less common. Lung cancer among the men was seen 4.6 times more than women, and smoking was the most important risk factor.
Shahrbanoo Keihanian , Zahra Fotokian , Maryam Zakerihamidi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Bone metastases induce harmful potential complications on the life of patients. Pamidronate reduces skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases. This study evaluated the effect of Pamidronate on bone pain in cancer patients with bone metastasis. Methods: This was quasi experimental study carried out at Imam Sajjad hospital in Ramsar on 41 patients with malignancy by convenience sampling. In this study 90 mg of Pamidronate was injected intravenously each month for 3 months. Data collection was done through demographic and clinical data questionnaire and visual analog scale . Data of before and after intervention were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t tests, chi-square, Friedman and Wilcox on tests with SPSS version 11.5 and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the most age group (36%) was 50-59 years and the most patients (65.9%) were female. The most common type of cancer was breast (43.9%) and the most common bone metastasis point in the most of patients (65.9%) was diffuse. The most common sites of pain associated with bone were sternum, ischium and T3-T4 vertebrae. Before treatment, the most patients (80.5%) complained of moderate pain whereas after treatment, the majority of them (41.5%) complained of low pain. The results of this study indicated that there was significant difference (p=0.032) between consumption of NSAIDs before and after treatment, but there was no significant difference between consumption of o pium before and after treatment (p=0.096). Conclusion: Pamidronate is effective in prevention of losing bone, reduced pain and analgesic consumption . So i t can be used as primary and routine treatment .
Behzad Babapour, Farhad Pourfarzi, Mehdi Samadzadeh, Alireza Mohammadzadeh, Elham Atigi, Bita Shahbazzadegan,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Hypertension is one of the most important and common health problems in societies. Hypertension is often asymptomatic and can be simply treated. Many of drugs are available for treatment of hypertension i ncluding d iuretics, beta blockers, blockers of calcium channel, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists, alpha blockers and arterial dilators. This research was performed to evaluate the efficacy of some of these drugs on the hypertension. This may help to choose an appropriate medication for the treatment of stage 2 hypertension. Methods: A total of 150 patients with hypertension who were not under antihypertensive treatment and didn’t have contraindications for using hydrochlorothiazide , enalapril and atenolol were randomly allocated into three groups. These groups received atenolol 50 mg daily, hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg daily and enalapril 5 mg twice daily, respectively . After three weeks blood pressure of patients was measured and results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Atenolol reduced systolic blood pressure (26.7±6.7 mm Hg 16.1%), diastolic blood pressure (10.3±1.2 mm Hg 10.4%) and mean arterial blood pressure (16.1±6.4 mm Hg 13.1%). Enalapril reduced systolic blood pressure (30.6±8.8 mm Hg 17.4%), diastolic blood pressure (11.5±4.4 mm Hg 11.4%) and mean arterial blood pressure (17.9±7.0 mm Hg 14.2%). Hydrochlorothiazide reduced systolic blood pressure (25.1±5.8 mm Hg 14.6%), diastolic blood pressure (9.2±2.3 mm Hg 9.3%) and mean arterial blood pressure (14.5±6.4 mm Hg 11.8%). Conclusion: Despite recommendations the use of hydrochlorothiazidein the treatment of hypertension, seems lower effect only use of this drug groups in comparison with other groups, and maybe add this category to other drugs and combined treatment is better than monotherapy with these groups .
Seyied Hamid Barzgar, Mohammad Ali Mohseni, Ali Goudarzi, Ali Tabrizi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Introduction : Meniscal tears are one of the most common injuries treated by arthroscopic techniques. Arthroscopic meniscal repair is an accepted way of treatment for meniscal tears. Different arthroscopic techniques for meniscal repair are: inside-out, outside-in and all inside. In the first 2 techniques, meniscus is repaired by sutures and in the later by suture or by commercial ready implants . The goal of current study is assessing clinical results of arthroscopic repair of longitudinal meniscal tears with vertical cruciate double mattress sutures by outside-in technique after 9 months. Methods: In this case series study, in 13 patients having criteria for engaging the study with longitudinal isolated meniscus tear, arthroscopic meniscal repair was done with vertical cruciate double mattress sutures by outside-in technique and patients were followed for 9 months. Results: Of 13 patients, there were 12 males (92.3%) and one female (7.7%) aged 15-38 (average 28.3) years. In follow up period, there was one case (7.7%) of irritation by subcutaneous knot. There was not any failure of repair. Average Lysholm score increased from 55.23 to 91.23 after 9 months of follow up, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). At the end of follow up period, there was not any medial joint line tenderness of knee, giving way or significant effusion or pain. Conclusion: This study shows that this technique has a good short term outcome with no failure and low complications but it is necessary to do more long term studies to prove it.
Sajjad Basharpoor, Parviz Molavi, Syiamak Sheykhi, Sajjad Khanjani, Moslem Rajabi, Seyied Amin Mosavi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Students bullying, especially in the adolescence period, is a prevalent problem in the schools, that emotional dysregulation is posed as a one cause of it. Considering this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between emotion regulation and emotion expression styles with bullying behaviors in adolescent students. Methods: The method of this study was correlation. Whole male students of secondary and high schools in Ardabil at 90-91 educational year comprised statistical population of this research. Two hundred thirty students, were selected by multistage cluster sampling method, responded to the questionnaires of bullying/victimization, emotion regulation and emotion expression. Gathered data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests. Results: The results showed that victimization by bullying has positive relationship with cognitive reappraisal (r= 0.15, p<0.02), emotion suppression (r= 0.47, p<0.001), and positive expression (r= 0.25, p<0.02), but has negative relationship with impulse severity (r= -0.35, p<0.001), and negative emotion expression (r= -0.43, p<0.001). Furthermore bullying has a positive relationship with cognitive reappraisal (r= 0.14, p<0.03), impulse severity (r= 0.31, p<0.003), and negative expression (r= 0.29, p<0.001), but has negative relationship with emotion suppression (r= 0.28, p<0.001), and positive expression (r= 0.24, p<0.001). In sum emotion regulation and emotion expression styles explained 36 percent of the variance of the victimization by bullying and 19 percent of the variance of the bullying. Conclusion: This research demonstrated that emotion dysregulation at the adolescent period plays important role in bullying and victimization, thus the training of emotion regulation abilities is suggested as the one of interventions methods for this behavioral problems.
Hosein Douste Kami , Adalat Hosseinian , Effat Mazaheri, Naser Aslanabadi , Samad Ghaffari , Bahram Sohrabi , Eiraj Mohammadzadeh , Farhad Pourfarzi , Naser Moaiiednia ,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Coronary bifurcation lesions are important, complex lesions with different therapeutic strategies. In this study, patients with Coronary bifurcation lesions were treated and clinical results in these patients were followed during the nine-month period. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed between January 2007 to December 2008 at Tabriz Shahid Madani Cardiovascular Center. We have studied 96 patients (83 male and 13 female). Patients on the basis of one or two stents were placed in one group and the other groups were divided based on the use of Drug Eluting Stent and Bare Metal Stent. After diagnostic angiography if coronary bifurcation lesions were present based on Medina classification, appropriate angioplasty treatment was carried out. In a situations including chest pain, electrocardiographic changes or the objective evidence of ischemia and indication of angiography, appropriate diagnostic tests during follow up period were done. Clinical outcomes including acute coronary events were recorded. And result analyzed using SPSS version 16 . Chi-square ، Fisher and T tests were used to compare the relationship between variables. Results: In this study 86.5% was male and 13.5% female. The mean age of these patients was 56±9.9 years old. The most prevalent risk factor was HTN with 41.7% incidence and 55.2% of patient had chronic stable angina and 26% of them had history of acute myocardial infarction, 7.2% with history of PCI and 5.2% with history Of CABGS. Most prevalent site of bifurcation was ALD/diagonal with 65.5% incidence. The most prevalent complication was mild bleeding from puncture site with 10.4% and 5.2% of patients had mild hematoma. Among patients with two stents versus one stent presence of AMI presentation with CSA, ST Elevation in ECG was statistically significant. Also involvement of SB (side branch) lesions lengths at SB, kissing ballooning after implantation of two stents were statistically significant. Among patients with DES versus BMS usage of stent in RCA, LAD, lesion lengths at PMB (proximal main branch), DMP (distal main branch) and SB, procedure time, radiation dose, fluoroscopy time were statistically significant. Among two groups MACE (major acute coronary event) in two stents patient between 1-3 month and total MACE at first 6 month were statistically significant Conclusion: The age of patients treated with CBL was low, also more usage of BMS and stenting of BFLs with two BMS had weak results in this study but surprisingly total results of BMS and DES did not have significant difference after 9 months follow up between two groups.
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