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Showing 582 results for Subject: Special
Mohammad Sahebalzamani, Saeid Mehri, Davar Altafi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with multifocal areas of demyelination. Genetic and environmental factors could be involved in etiology of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate important risk factors for MS progression in patients admitted in Alavi hospital, Ardabil. Methods : The present research is an analytical, case-control study in groups with or without MS with same age and sex (80 subjects in each group). A self-made questionary including demographic characteristics and risk factors used as a data compilation instrument which validity reliability were confirmed by content and α-Coronbach tests respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Factors such bachelorship (p=0.037), accidental head and back traumas (p=0.003), smoking (p=0.035), smoke exposures (p= 0.0001), meat regimen (p=0.0001), contact with birds (p=0.032), inadequate sunlight exposure (p=0.034), occupational pollution (p=0.002), menarche age (p=0.016), family history (p=0.029), being third born in family (p=0.034), were found as significant risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Conclusion : The present study demonstrates that factors such as smoke, trauma, environmental pollution, touching birds and family history of MS are important risk factors for onset of multiple sclerosis.
Hadi Sadeghi, Pari Bagheri Ardebilian, Mehdi Fazlzadeh Davil, Roohollah Rostami, Yousef Poureshgh,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering the effect of Pseudomonas aeroginosa on public health as one of the most important microorganisms in swimming pools, this study was conducted to assess the possibility of contamination of hot spring pools with this organism in Ardabil province. Methods: In this study, 195 specimens were investigated from all public hot spring pools of Ardabil province during April to September 2011 when the number of swimmers reaches its peak. Standard method was used to investigate the presence or absence of P. aeroginosa in the valume of 100 ml collected samples. Results: The rates of contamination with P. aeruginosa at different months were as follows: April 17.5%, May 22.5%, June 22.5%, July 25% and August 20%. There was no statistically significant difference for P. aeroginosa contamination within the months. However, a statistically significant difference was considered for P. aeroginosa among all locations (p<0.05). Conclusion: Totally, 22.9% of specimens revealed P. aeroginosa which is alarming. So, it is suggested that monitoring and disinfection the public hot spring pools should be considered more seriously. It is also necessary to limit the number swimmers in public hot spring pools to reduce burden of contamination.
Ghodrat Akhavanakbari, Masoud Entezariasl, Khatereh Isazadehfar, Tiba Mirzarahimi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Uncontrolled postoperative pain can cause many adverse effects such as tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, decreased alveolar ventilation and poor wound healing. In this study we evaluated the preoperative administration of pregabalin in relieving postoperative pain after lower limb orthopedic surgery and reducing the need for opioids and their possible side effects. Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. It was performed on 60 patients under lower limb surgery in Fatemi Hospital. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups, one group has received a 150 mg pregabalin capsule 2 hours before surgery and the other group has received placebo as a control. In both groups at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery, the patients were evaluated and the pain score by a visual analogue scale (VAS), the score of sedation by Ramsay sedation scale and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were recorded in the checklists. Then, the data were analyzed by SPSS v16. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study 51.7% of patients were male and 48.3% were female. The age averages of these patients in both group were similar (p=0.578). Visual analog pain scores at 2 h after surgery reduced in pregabalin group (p<0.0001). Similar reduction was observed in other studied hours (p<0.0001) too. In the pregabalin group nausea and vomiting scores at all hours, sedation levels at 2 h and 6 h postoperation, and pethidine consumption in all hours have significantly been reduced (p<0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative administration of pregabalin is an effective method for reducing postoperative pain for patients, and with reduction in pethidine consumption, it can decrease problems of opioid usage.
Gholhmhosein Ettehad, Firouzeh Afshar-Ghahramani, Yasamin Pahlavan, Mojtaba Amani ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a type of enzyme which produces an endogenous factor called nitric oxide (NO). NO plays important role in progress of euplastic diseases. In chronic gastritis, the increased level of NO causes damages to DNA. The aim of present study is to evaluate eNOS concentration in sera of healthy people and those infected by Helicobacter pylori . Methods: The sera and stool specimens from 84 voluntaries (Female: 58.3%, Males 41.6%) were collected. Helicobacter pylori antigen in the stool specimens and eNOS levels in sera were determined using ELISA . Obtained data were analyzed using Excell software. Results : The age range was from 1 to 78 years old (Mean: 30 years old). In terms of special diseases, 70.2% did not have any special diseases, but 29.76% showed at least one special disease, mainly thyroid disease and hypertension. The results for H. pylori stool antigen detection showed that 16.6%, 29.76% and 53.57% of collected specimens were equivocal, Helicobacter pylori negative and positive respectively. Comparison of sera concentrations of eNOS showed that there is no significant change among these three groups. Conclusion : As mentioned in results, the eNOS sera concentrations showed no significant change in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative groups. Albeit the other studies showed the significant increase in serum concentration of Helicobacter pylori positive patient, this controversy may arise from race and variations in Helicobacter pylori pathogenic islands such as those containing VacA and CagA. We propose to conduct a similar study in Ardabil to focus on the pathogenic islands of H. pylori strains in this province.
Behzad Babapour , Shahram Habibzadeh, Mehdi Samadzadeh, Bita Shahbazzadegan, Tahereh Mohammadi, Elham Atighi ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is a major cardiovascular risk factor such as HTN, HLP and smoking. A primary diabetic cardiomyopathy represents a high risk factor for heart failure in the absence of ischemic, valvular and hypertensive heart disease in the diabetic population. CAD is more common in diabetic patients and it is almost asymptomatic. Unquestionably, an early detection of LV damage and CAD is a major goal for the prevention of cardiac disease in the diabetic population. Methods: This study was done as Cross-Sectional method. The study sample consisted of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension and cardiac symptoms (mean age 47 years) who recourse to diabetes clinic of Ardabil Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2009-2010. Left ventricular (LV) function was studied by echocardiography and exercise test using Bruce protocol. Data from the patients were collected and analyzed using SPSS 17 software. Results: All studied cases had a normal systolic function. 22 cases (55%) had diastolic dysfunction and 8 people (20%) had a positive stress test, which all had diastolic dysfunction too. Conclusion: This study showed that an impairment of left ventricular diastolic function occurs early in the natural history of diabetes mellitus and CAD is more common in diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction.
Behzad Babapour , Shahram Habibzadeh , Alireza Mohammadzadeh , Nafiseh Mafi , Elham Atighi , Edalat Hoseinian , Bita Shahbazzadegan,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Low dose aspirin has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The bimodel action of aspirin on serum uric acid showed that aspirin at a high dosage promoted uricusuria while intermediate doses were (1-2gr/day) caused uric acid retention. The main goal of this study was to survey the effect of low dose aspirin on serum level of uric acid in patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and analytical type. In this study we selected 60 patients who used low dose aspirin among the patients of Imam Khomeini hospital's heart clinic (2008-9) and their information was registered in special questionnaires including serum level of uric acid and creatinine before and after prescription of aspirin. Data was then statistically analyzed using Paired t test and Willcoxon. Results: Of 60 patients 11 ( 18.3 % ) were under 50 years and 49 ( 81.7%) were above 50 years. The male to female ratio was 1.72 (38: 63.3% versus 22: 36.7%). 53.3 % of patients showed an increase in serum uric acid, but 46.7% did not. No significant differences in uric acid levels was found in patients under 50 years before and after administration of aspirin. Serum uric acid levels were increased after administration of 0.1unit of aspirin. Conclusion: Low -dose aspirin (80 mg/ day) caused a slight but significant increase in serum uric acid and creatinine levels in patients over 50 years of age.
Manoochehr Barak , Farhad Pourfarzi , Shima Jirodi , Gity Rahimi , Yasamin Pahlavan ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Nosocomial infections occur following admission of patients in the hospitals and usually are accompanied by significant mortalities. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of nosocomial infections and the causatives in Ardabil Bu Ali hospital during 2010. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which has been done on collection of information through practical examinations, laboratory tests and files of nosocomillay infected patients in Ardabil Bu Ali hospital during 2010. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: From a total of 3254 patients, 42 (1.3%) had got nosocomial infections. Of these infected patients 47.6% was males and 52.4% was females. Infection was more frequent in patients with ages between 1 month to1 year old (45.2%). Sepsis (33.3%), pneumonia and blood stream infections (23.8%) and urinary tract infection (19%) were the most frequent infections. The mean length of hospital stay was 26.86 days. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen reported (23.8%). Infection was more common in NICU (38.1%). Conclusion: In this study, the frequency of nosocomial infection was lower than other studies. Distribution of infection differed with age, ward and length of stay in the hospital.
Manoochehr Barak , Saeid Sadeghieh Ahari , Firouz Amani , Gholamreza Asadi, Gity Rahimi , Elham Khadem,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Currently, migration of rural population to cities and developing slums around them are main problems in population settlement that lead to imbalance in health standards such as difference in age groups death. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with infant mortality in slums of the Ardabil city. Methods: This was a case- control study. All infants’ deaths from 2008 to 2010, which occurred in slums as a case, were included. For each case, tow controls, were chosen. Controls the ones who survived and were living in non marginalized area and years of birth and sex were matched in two groups. Information collected from health centers through questionnaires, interviews with parents and child death files. Results: The majority of mortalities (74.6%) were in neonatal period and 25.4% was in post- neonatal period. The most important causes of deaths in neonatal were prematurity (57%), and in post neonatal period were congenital abnormality (35.4%). Analysis of effective factors showed that birth weight, parents age and education, family income and occupation and smoking of father were highly associated with mortalities. Conclusion: Infant mortality of the family that their father is a smoker and they have low income, and low parental education level is significantly higher and should be taken into serious consideration to reduce the mortality.
Bahman Bashardoost , Shahram Habibzadeh, Anahita Zakeri , Neda Ghaemian ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Cardiovascular events are the most common cause of death in hemodialysis patients. Cardiac biomarkers and especially Cardiac troponin I has been used as a prognostic marker in hemodialysis patients and there is some controversies about its value. For these reasons this study has been done for evaluation of prognostic value of Troponin I and left Ventricular Hypertrophy in mortality of hemodialysis patients. Methods:This is a prospective descriptive-analytic study, has been done from 2006 -2011 All of new cases whom entered to dialysis center in 2006 studied with measurement of base line Cardiac Troponin I and left ventricular mass index .Patients fallowed up 5 years later without any specific intervention and survival rate was calculated crudely and in base of Cardiac Troponin I and left ventricular mass index separately after exclusion of non cardiac deaths. Results:76 patients followed up 5 years and 35 of them died. Mean age of patients was 57.4 ± 15.6 year. Mean Troponin I (cTnI) in dead patients was 0.92±0.68ng/l and in alive patients was 0.78±0.58ng/l (p=0.39). Mean Left Ventricular Mass in dead patients was 274.9±100.8 g/m2 and in alive patients was 249±77.7 g/m2 (p=0.23). A significant linear correlation was not founds between cTnI level and Left Ventricular Mass Age was the most important cofactor of death. Conclusion: Significant correlation was not founded between cTnI level and Left Ventricular Mass with cardiac mortality .mortality. This may be due to some other factors such as age, quality of control of hypertension and other coexisted diseases, quality of life and home cares. Age had more important effect on death and this may reflect multiplicity of heath related problems in them.
Farhad Pourfarzi, Abbas Yazdanbod, Reza Daneshvar , Seiyed Hosein Saberi ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Colorectal cancer is considered as the third prevalent malignancy worldwide. Investigation of information on cancers in Iran during 1985-1996 showed an increase in the incidence and prevalence of colorectal cancer. Its rank in Iran has increased from 9 to 5th during 10 years. It was reported as high prevalent cancer in Iranian people aged less than 40 years among Asian countries. Methods: In this cases-control study patients with a pathologic report of colorectal cancer were recruited among those cases registered in Ardabil Cancer Registry. Control group were selected from neighbors, frequency matched for age and gender. Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire consisting information on age, gender, smoking, drugs and alcohol consuming, diet, family history of cancer and serum IgM and IgG level for H. pylori. Data were analyzed using SPSS v16. Results: In the current study, 43 persons (53.8%) were male and 37 (46.2%) were female. In the case group, 10 persons (12.5%) were under 40, 34 cases (42.5%) in age group of 41- 60 and 36 persons (45%) were more than 61 years. In the control group 12 persons (15%) were under 40, 36 persons (45.5%) in age group of 41-60 and 40 persons (68%) were more than 61 years. In the control group 3 cases had BMI less than 19, 36 cases (45%) between 19-24.9, 31 cases (38.8%) between 25-29.9 and 10 cases (12.5%) were more than 30, whereas this variable was 2.5, 32.5, 46.2 and 18.8% respectively in the case group. Positive history of smoking found to increase the risk of cancer around 1.8 times (OR= 1.78 CI: 0.91- 5.85). However, significant difference was not observed between two groups regarding alcoholic beverage consumption (p=0.385) . There were significant differences between two groups in terms of vegetables and carbohydrates intake. Difference was also significant between two groups regarding positive level of IgG. Among studied persons, 19 and 13 patients in case and control group had positive IgM respectively. Conclusion: Our finding showed an increased risk colorectal cancer in those consuming low vegetable and fruits and high carbohydrate consuming, having smoking history, positive family history of cancer and serum IgG level.
Ali Hossain Khani , Ali Nemati, Mitra Naser Saead , Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh, Manoochehr Barak ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Urolithiasis is the third common urinary disease. While, relationship between the urinary stones and diet is known to some extent, but there are controversies about it. The aim of this study was to determine the association between food habit, nutrients intake and kinds of urinary stone disease. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive analytical study was performed on 150 patients (91 male and 59 females) with urinary stone disease in Ardabil during 2008-2009. Data of urinary stones analysis, type of stone in the graph, type of stone, preventive emprise and type of drinking water were recorded. Food data were recorded using 24-hour dietary recalls three days in week and food frequency questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Food Processor III software, and ANOVA Statistical program . Results: Findings showed that the most common and lowest form of urinary stone disease in men and women were calcium oxalate and ammonium phosphate, respectively. There was significant inverse association between beta-carotene intake and the percentage of uric acid stone disease (p<0.05). We observed significant relationship between vitamin A and folacin intake with percentage of uric acid stone disease (p<0.05). There was significant relationship between consumption of cheese and pickles with calcium phosphate stone disease (p<0.05). There was no significant association between other foods and nutrients intake with types of urinary stone disease . Conclusion: This study showed the consumption of some nutrients including folacin, vitamin A and some foods such as cheese was associated with the incidence of urinary stone disease. Therefore, taking accurate diet could possibly prevent the incidence of urinary stone diseases.
Ali Shadmanfard, Ali Nemati , Abbas Naghizadeh Baghi, Mohammad Mazani,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The intake of antioxidant supplementations can have key role in prevention of oxidative stress in healthy individuals. Pomegranate has antioxidant effects and may play a role in reduction of oxidative stress in healthy males. Therefore, this study examined the effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on oxidative stress in young healthy males. Methods : In semi-experimental study, 14 healthy students living in Dormitories of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were included. Subjects were given one cup of pomegranate juice supplementation per day for two weeks . Fasting blood samples were taken both at the start and the end of 2-week period to measure the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase , glutathione peroxidase , paraoxonase - 1, aryl esterase , and the values of serum total antioxidant capacity , glutathione, and lipid profiles . Data were analyzed using descriptive and paired t - test s. Results: T he level of serum total antioxidant capacity and activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, arylesterase, and standardized arylesterase activity were significantly increased at the end of two weeks (p<0.05). The serum level of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased after intervention (p<0.05). Changes were not significant, although the serum levels of glutathione and HDL- cholesterol increased and LDL- cholesterol decreased at the end of two weeks period. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the pomegranate juice supplementation had beneficial effects in helping body's antioxidant defense system and reduction of oxidative stress in young healthy males . This study suggests that the pomegranate juice supplementation can be useful against oxidative stress included in dietaries of young healthy males.
Fariba Sadeghi Movahed, Parviz Molavi , Mehdi Samadzadeh, Bita Shahbazzadegan , Raheleh Askari Moghadam ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a heredity and psychological disorder that often continues to adulthood and causes great number of emotional, social, educational and occupational problem for college students. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ADHD among students residing in the dormitory of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross sectional study, all students in the dormitory of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were included. They filled the Self reporting Conner’s ADHD questionnaires. Data were extracted and analyzed with SPSS. Results: During this study, the prevalence of ADHD was 8.6 percent. The males show more involvement rate than females. The students with ADHD showed more incidences of smoking and psychotropic drug consumption. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of ADHD among the college students, early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD seems to be necessary.
Esmaeil Farzaneh, Firouz Amani , Saeid Sadeghiyeh , Eiraj Sayad Rezaeei , Mehrdad Mirzarahimi , Babak Mostafazadeh, Ali Ghorbanzadeh ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective s: Poisoning is one of the most common causes that referred to the Emergence and one of the most important Medicine immediacy. Correct and immediate diagnosis and accommodative treatment can be life saving. Knowing the overall pattern of poisoning in any geographical area would help to better manage and treat the victims. Methods : In a cross sectional descriptive study, the required information was collected from the records of patients showing drugs and chemical poisoning who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital Collected data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results : Out of 2852 case of poisoning, 106 people passed away due to severe complication. Of these 56.8% were men and 43.2% were women. The majority of cases (76.8%) were from urban areas. Suicide was the main cause of poisoning (66.53%). Accidental poisoning was recorded for 5.01% of cases. In 28.45% of cases, the cause of poisoning was not identified. The age group 21-30 years made the highest number of cases (52.3%). Tramadol, Benzodiazepines and Aceteminophen were the most poisons used respectively. Benzodiazeine was the most taken drug is in suicide (19.97%). Conclusion : Results showed that poisoning with Tramadol and Benzodiazepines is high in Ardabil Province. Opioids, Aluminum Phosphide and Organophosphores are the main causative of death in poisoned victims in the province of Ardabil.
Samira Babaeian , Mehranghiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani, Mitra Niafar , Sarvin Sanaii,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Diabetes mellitus is one of the prevalent metabolic disorders in the world and mostly it is related to Obesity. Central obesity results in higher risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia is the main reason of central obesity disorders. Studies have been shown that the fruits, vegetables and drinks are rich in phenolic and antioxidants components may alleviate diabetes diseases. One of these fruits is pomegranate that is rich in flavonoids. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effect of unsweetened pomegranate juice consumption on insulin resistance, inflammatory factor and anthropometric measures in diabetic patients. Methods : In this clinical trial, 50 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30-50 years were recruited into the study and randomly assigned into two groups: (1) intervention group (n=25) who drank 240 ml unsweetened pomegranate juice daily and (2) control group (n=25) who drank 240 ml water daily for two months. Fasting blood glucose, inflammatory factors including hs-CRP, anthropometric measures including weight, height, waist and hip circumference, BMI were determined at the baseline and after 8 weeks. Nutritionist IV program, Independent sample t-test, Paired sample t-test were used for data analyses. Results : Comparison of fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, body mass index, hs-CRP between the two groups before intervention did not reveal a significant difference. The result of the study showed a significant decrease in insulin resistance, body weight, hip circumstance, waist circumstance in intervention group ( p <0.05 ، p <0.01 ، p <0.05 ، p <0.05 respectively) w hereas no significant changes were found for serum glucose, HbA1C, hs-CRP in this group . Conclusion : These findings indicate the beneficial effect of the daily consumption of unsweetened pomegranate juice on insulin resistance, body weight, waist and hip circumstances.
Asadollah Asadi , Arash Abdolmaleki, Farhood Najafi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Polymers as drug carriers are recent advances in drug delivery and led to the new advent field that called polymer treatment. In the present study, the toxic and teratogenic effects of BDP18 were evaluated against chicken embryos as a model. Methods: The BDP18 tri-block copolymer (PLA-PEG2000-PLA) was synthesized. The compound solution was injected in triplicate examination, in the air sac of the eggs, at third day of incubation, and survived fraction of the embryos and Morphological and skeletal changes were recorded . Results: The survived fraction of the embryos depends on the compound concentration. In concentration of 20 mg/ml , 33.3% of the embryos were survived and the LD50 was 10.87 mg/egg . Morphological study of the treated embryos showed no abnormalities in embryos , and skeletal staining showed the deletion of caudal vertebrate in high concentration. Conclusion: The BDP18 copolymer had low toxic and teratogenic effects against the embryos, but it caused the deletion of caudal vertebrate at concentrations above the threshold (10 mg/ml). This polymer can be used as an effective drug -release system in low concentrations .
Shahram Abdoli Oskouie, Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee , Ali Ajhangh , Babak Abdinia,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Staphylococci are among common causes of community acquired and nosocomial infections around the world. Over the last decade, the resistance of these bacteria in hospital environments is increasing to various antibiotics such as vancomycin. The aim of present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values among a clinical collection of staphylococci isolated from hospitalized children in Tabriz. Methods: In this prospective and descriptive study, 88 staphylococcal isolates including 53 S. aureus and 35 coagulase-negative staphylococcus species were recovered from various clinical specimens referred to microbiology laboratory of Children Hospital during study period (April 2011 to March 2012). Susceptibility of the isolates against 15 different antimicrobial agents and MIC values of vancomycin was tested using standard disk diffusion and E-test methods respectively. Results: According to the results of drug susceptibility testing, vancomycin and rifampin were the most effective but clindamycin and penicillin were the least effective drugs against tested isolates. Accordingly, the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains was determined more than 80%. According to MIC values, 13.2% of S. aureus and 3.3% of coagulase-negative staphylococcus isolates showed intermediate resistance to vancomycin. None of the isolates was fully resistant to vancomycin isolates in this study. Conclusion: Although fully vancomycin resistant staphylococci was not found among tested isolates in this study, there was VISA strains. Since there are reports on the emergence of VRSA strains from Iran and other countries, it is necessary for the clinician to care in prescription of vancomycin as a selective drug against staphylococcal infections. Moreover, the necessity of MIC measurement in determining of vancomycin susceptibility is more apparent.
Saber Zahri, Masoud Maleki, Kamaladdin Hamidi , Seiyeh Mahsa Khatami ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Stem cells are fundamental supporter of multicellular tissue. They allow blood, bone, gametes, epithelia, nervous system, muscle, and other tissues to be replaced by fresh cells throughout life. In recent years human Wharton’s jelly stem cells (WJSCs) have gained attention. They express a number of surface markers characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, human Wharton’s jelly stem cells were isolated using explant method. To show the stemness property of these cells, three CD markers including CD105, CD44 and CD34 were tested. Methods: The umbilical cord samples were collected by Caesarian section at Arta Hospital in Ardabil. Cords were transferred in sterile conditions and stem cells were isolated using explant method. After log phase, cells were passaged then growth characteristics and CD105, CD44 and CD34 markers investigated by RT-PCR. Results: Separation of human Wharton’s jelly stem cells were started after 7 days. WJSCs in culture revealed two distinct cell population named Type 1 and Type 2. RT-PCR results showed that WJSCs were CD105+, CD44+ and CD34-. Conclusion: Human umbilical cord stem cells could be an alternative source instead bone marrow stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. These cells have a fibroblastic appearance. Following the lag phase and into log phase respectively, cells grow easily in culture and retain stemness properties in higher passages.
Samira Rabiei , Fatemeh Sedaghat , Reza Rastmanesh,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Food consumption for its hedonic properties can result in caloric intake exceeding requirements and is considered as a major culprit in the rapidly increasing rate of obesity. We compared the dietary patterns and the hedonic questionnaire score in obese and non-obese women. We also investigated the relation between the score of this questionnaire and variety of food items. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 140 women aged 17-44 years that had referred to obesity club at district 4 of Tehran in 2011. Food intake and hedonic score were determined using validated semi-quantitative 168-item food frequency questionnaire and 21-item hedonic questionnaire, respectively. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between obesity and the dietary patterns identified by factor analysis and hedonic hunger score. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified as healthy and unhealthy patterns. The adjusted odds ratio of obesity didn’t show any significant trend in none of the dietary patterns. The mean hedonic questionnaire score was higher in case than control group, significantly (p<0.05). The adjusted odds ratio of obesity, for the second and the third tertiles of this questionnaire versus the first tertile of this, was 2.8 and 10.8, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that there is no difference between the dietary patterns of obese and nonobese women while there is a positive association between hedonic hunger and obesity. It seems that hedonic hunger may lead the obese women to consume unhealthy food choices.
Shadiyeh Abdollahi , Rashid Ramazanzadeh, Zahra Delami Khiabani, Enayatollah Kalantar, Shahoo Menbari,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLSB) antimicrobial agents are used in the treatment of staphylococcal infections. They prevent the microbial protein synthesis system through binding to 23 S rRNA. The aim of this study was to apply molecular methods to detect inducible clindamycin resistance genes among staphylococcal strains isolated from clinical specimens. Methods : Two hundred staphylococcus strains were isolated from nose and throat swabs of patients in Toohid and Besat hospitals in Sanandaj . Antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates were determined using disc diffusion method, agar screen test and D-Test. A multiplex PCR was performed using primers specific for erm (A, B, C, TR) genes. Results: Out of 200 isolates, 18.5 % were MRSA and 32% were MRCNS (methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci). Of 80 erythromycin resistant isolates, 48 were coagulase negative and 32 were S. aureus. Among the 48 coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) isolates, 11.63% expressed the MLSB-inducible phenotypes. Using PCR, the frequency of different genes in the collection of isolates were as follows: ermA 5.41 % , erm B 5.41 % , and erm C 3.13%. The ermTR gene was negative in all isolates. Among the 32 S. aureus isolates, 9.38% expressed the MLSB-nducible phenotype. Using PCR, these isolates harbored erm A (2.22%), ermB (2.22%), ermC (2.22%) and ermTR (2.22%) . Conclusion: This is the first study to show the rate of inducible clindamycin clinical isolates of staphylococci harboring erm genes in Sananadaj. It also demonstrated the frequency of erm genes was higher among CONS isolates than S. aureus. This data suggested the transfer of resistance gene from nonpathogenic to pathogenic strains is likely to happen. Therefore, screening and control of these resistance genes is recommended at clinical laboratories.
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