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Showing 582 results for Subject: Special
Maryam Chavoshi Frooshani , Abbasali Imani Fooladi , Sara Saadatmand,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Escherishia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important diarrhea causing agents in developing countries . Using antibiotics cause adverse effects as promoting emergence of antibiotic resistance, fading the microflora of intestine and enhancement of verotoxin (VTEC) production by this bacterium. So, a modern treatment protocol is needed for treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. In this study, Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) was isolated from yogurt and antibacterial effects of bacterial cell debris and its culture supernatant were tested against E.coli O157:H7. Methods: Several different samples of yoghurt were cultured in MRS agar in anaerobic conditions at 37 ºC. L. casei was identified by common microbiological and molecular methods. Antimicrobial effects of bacterial cell debris and its culture supernatant were tested against E. coli O157:H7 by using Agar Well Diffusion (AWD) and Broth macrodilution methods. In addition, standard growth curves of pathogenic bacterium and L. casei were obtained by turbidometery and colony count procedures. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) of supernatant originated from culture of L. casei were determinded. The stability of antimicrobial effects of the supernatant in different conditions of pH and temperature were studied. Results: Lactobacillus casei was isolated from two different samples of yoghurts, and confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The results showed that antimicrobial effects of culture supernatant were stable at 56, 70, 80and 100 ºC for 30 and 60 minutes. Furthermore, they were stable in pH of 3, 7 and 10. The MIC and MBC of supernatants were 1:16 and 1:8 respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, culture supernatant of L. casei can be used as a biological preservative in food industries. Also due to antimicrobial effect of L. casei, it can be used in treatment of diseases associated with E. coli O157:H7.
Peyman Abdolahzade, Reza Shapouri , Shahrzad Nasiri Semnani,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by intracellular pathogens of the genus Brucella that have their natural reservoir in domestic and wild animals. Many studies show that herbal medicines have been used safely and successfully to treat bacterial diseases without significant side effects and drug resistance problems. Methods: In this study aquatic, alcoholic and acetonic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus leaves were prepared, then MIC and MBC of extracts for B. melitensis 16M and B. abortus S99 were determined by broth macrodilution and agar well diffusion methods. In animal model study, 5 × 105 CFU/mL of Brucellae was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) to female BALB/c mice. After 24 hours, 0.5mL (equivalent MBC) of each Eucalyptus globulus extracts was injected (i.p) After 7 days, in spleen the colonies of brucellae were counted on Muller-Hinton agar as standard protocol. Results: The MIC and MBC of Eucalyptus globulus for B. melitensis M16 and B. abortus S99 were 1:80 (10.81 mg/mL) and 1:40 (21.62 mg/mL) for aquatic extract, 1:1280 (0.64 mg/mL) and 1:640 (1.29 mg/mL) for acetonic extract, and 1:2560 (0.31 mg/mL) and 1:1280 (0.63 mg/mL), for ethanolic extract respectively. In culture of spleen supernatant (in vivo), after 48 hours, the average grown B. melitensis 16M colonies for aquatic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts were 5×103 CFU/ml, 2×102 CFU/ml and 6×102 CFU/ml, respectively in comparison with control group (4×1010 CFU/ml). These results for B.abortus S99 were 3×103 CFU/ml, 1×102 CFU/ml and 3×102 CFU/ml, respectively in comparison with control group (9×109 CFU/ml) The results showed that bacterial load was significantly decreased in all experimental groups (p<0.01). Conclusion : The results of in vitro and in vivo indicate that ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus have more effective antimicrobial activity on B.melitensis M16 and B.abortus S99 than aquatic extract. It seems that the extracts Eucalyptus globulus can be used in treatment of human and animal brucellosis.
Reza Alipanahmogadam , Mohammad Mazani , Abbas Naghizadeh Baghi, Ali Nemati, Mojtaba Amani , Bahman Bashardoost, Amir Mansour Vatankhah , Shahab Bohlooli,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Several evidences show that oxidative stress is high among patients with hemodialysis . This study was aimed to investigate the oxidative stress and serum level of zinc and copper in patients with non-diabetic hemodialysis . Methods: In a case-control study, 60 patients with non-diabetic hemdialysis referred to hemodialysis section, Ardabil Bou-Ali hospital, and 60 healthy individuals, matched by age and sex, were selected. In each group, lipid profile, blood glucose, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, zinc, copper, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were measured. The results were analyzed statistically by using Pearson correlation coefficient and Student-t test. Results: The amount of zinc, blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, high density lipoprotein-C and low density lipoprotein-C were significantly lower in patients with hemodialysis in comparison with those in normal individuals. T he activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells and serum total antioxidant capacity were significantly high in patients in comparison with those in control group. However, serum concentrations of copper and malondialdehyde in two groups were not statistically different. Conclusion : The results of this study show that increase of antioxidant enzymes activity reduces the oxidative stress status in patients with non-diabetic hemodialysis . Zinc deficiency was also observed in these patients.
Hormoz Azimi, Sholeh Khademabbasi,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The first Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery was performed by Erich Muhe in 1985.Nowadays in developed countries, more than 90% of cholecystectomy surgeries are done by Laparoscopic method and it is one of the most common elective surgeries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency and side effects of this method and the rate of conversion to open surgery patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery in Sabalan and Arta hospitals in Ardabil province. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed between October 2006 and January 2009. We have studied 200 patients (24 male, 176 female) with cholecystitis (symptomatic gallstones) treated by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery. Data were collected through questionnaires and telephone calls (at least 6 months after surgery). Data analysis was done by SPSS statistical software and chi-square test. p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The average age of patients was 44.6 years. In the final diagnosis, 168 patients (84%) had chronic cholecystitis and 32 patients (16%) had acute cholecystitis. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 8 patients (4%). Eight cases (4%) were suffered organic side effects including: four cases (2%) jaundice after surgery, 1 case (0.5%) postoperative fever, 1 case (0.5%) leakage of bile, 1 case (0.5%) slight leaking of serum from the surgical site and 1 case (0.5%) associated with increased liver enzymes that had no other symptoms. About the risk factors for conversion to open surgery, there was significant correlation between acute cholecystitis and male gender. Information about the satisfaction of patients after surgery showed that, 89.5% were completely satisfied, 2.5% were completely dissatisfied and 8% were relatively dissatisfied. No deaths were seen. Conclusion: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a standard selective treatment method for gallbladder stones. It has many advantages including reduced duration of hospitalization, less pain, reduced morbidity and less side effects than open surgery, lower recovery period and faster return to normal life.
Mohammad Ghasem Golmohammadi , Mohsen Sagha , Hasan Azari , Norouz Najafzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background &Objectives: Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types. The discovery of such cells in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), an organ traditionally thought to have little or no regenerative capacity, opened the door to treatment of degenerative diseases of CNS like Stroke, Parkinson, Alzheimer and Spinal Cord Injury. Thus, here we described the isolation of neural stem cells from the adult mouse brain using the neurosphere assay (NSA) and differentiation of these cells to neural adult cells in details. Methods: The rostral part of the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles in the adult mice was dissociated into single cell suspension and cultured using NSA. Primary neurospheres were counted seven days after plating and then the mean number of neurospheres was recorded. The differentiation of neural stem cells into adult neural cells was accomplished by plating the neurosphere-derived cells in differentiating media. Immunocytochemistry and specific markers were used for the identification of the adult neural stem cells. Results : The cell suspension obtained from the rostral part of the SVZ of the lateral ventricles generated multipotential colonies, called neurospheres, 7 to 10 days post- incubation. The mean number of neurospheres generated from SVZ was 505±62. The multipotentiality of the neurospheres was shown by palting them in differentiating media and generating adult neural cells including neuron, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte . Conclusion: Owing to their rarity and paucity of neural stem cell specific markers, the NSA is a common and selective method for isolating and understanding the biology of embryonic and adult neural stem cells.
Rahim Masoumi , Navid Masoumi , Nasrin Fouladi , Elaheh Samiee,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background &Objectives :Hyphema which commonly caused by the blunt trauma, is defined as blood accumulation in the anterior chamber of the eye. It is associated with several complications from which secondary hemorrhage is more important. This study was aimed to determine Tranexamic acid effect on reduction of the secondary hemorrhage in traumatic hyphema. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial in 54 patients with traumatic hyphema referred to ophthalmology clinic of Alavi Hospital in Ardabil during 2006-2008. The patients were divided into two groups. Half of the patients received Tranexamic acid and the rest used placebo. After examination of the eyes, the data were analyzed by using Chi-squareand Student-t tests. Results : In this study 79.6% of patients were men and the rest were women. They had 19.8 ± 9.44 years old as mean. The vision for 33.3% of the individuals showed light perception, 29.6% hand motion and 35.2% of them indicated finger count. 1.9% of patients had grade I, 11.1% grade II, 38.9% grade III and 48.1% grade IV hyphema. The patients who received Tranexamic acid did not show secondary hemorrhage but five untreated individuals were undergone bleeding. Conclousion : Tranexamic acid reduced secondary hemorrhage in patients with blunt trauma-related hyphema. We suggest further studies of relationship between intra-ocular pressure and secondary hemorrhage rate.
Parviz Molavi , Zahra Shahrivar , Javad Mahmodi Garaee, Sajjad Bashirpor , Afshan Sharghi, Fatemeh Nikparvar ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is a childhood critical disorder with negative course and outcome consequences. The aim of this study was determination of six-month outcome predictor factors (recurrence rate, the rate of hospitalization, severity of illness and recovery rates) in manic and mixed bipolar disorders of children and adolescents admitted in Tehran Rozbeh hospital. Methods: In this prospective Cohort study, 80 patients with bipolar disorder (10-18 year's old) admitted in Tehran Roozbeh Hospital from January 2009 to July 2010 were selected. The available sampling method was used for selection. Participants at admission, discharge, and follow-up at 3 and 6 months, were evaluated by using researcher made questionnaires, K-SADS (to confirm the diagnosis), CDI ( Children Depression Inventory) or BDI ( Beck Depression Inventory) , YMRS ( Young Mania Rating Scale) , CGI- S ( Clinical Global Impression Scale) , CGAS ( Children's Global Assessment Scale), CGI-S ( Clinical Global Impression Scale) and PAS ( Premorbid Adjustment Scale) . The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Multivariate regressions . Results: The results showed that disease outcome was not associated with age. Gender (male) had correlation with mania severity in 6-month follow-up. Disease duration predicted recurrence rate and severity of disease. Manic type disorder was related with mania severity, and mixed mania predicted mania severity negatively in 6-month follow-up. Therapeutic compliance was correlated with mania severity (negative correlation) and improvement rate (positive correlation). Presence of psychosis was correlated with recurrence rate positively in 6-month follow-up. Co-morbidity with ADHD ( Attention Deficient /Hyperactivity Disorder) predicted clinical global improvement (CGI-G) negatively and mania severity positively in 6-month follow-up. Pre-morbid coping showed negative relationship with mania severity and positive relation with global improvement rate in 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Our results showed that gender of patients, duration and manic type of disease, presence of psychosis at admission have a direct relation with inappropriate outcome of manic and mixed bipolar disorders of children and adolescents. These findings emphasize necessity of special curing during treatment.
Babak Nakhostin-Roohi, Nasrin Vaezi ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Effects of new educational programs on health and physical fitness promotion is an important issue which needs regular evaluations. Physical fitness has many advantages such as cardio-respiratory health promotion, prevention of some diseases and improvement of quality of life. On the other hand, it has been shown that there is significant relationship between waterpipe smoking and cancer, cardiovascular as well as pulmonary diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between addiction to waterpipe smoking and cardio-respiratory fitness and body composition of physical education students in Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch. Methods: One hundred and eighty-one physical education students participated in this study. All subjects were selected by cluster sampling method. Cardio-Respiratory fitness (using Cooper test), Body Mass Index (BMI), Fat percent (using 2-point Lohman equation), addiction to waterpipe smoking, smoke exposure and awareness of waterpipe effects on athletic performance (using questionnaire) were evaluated. Results: The body composition of the most students was not suitable (50.3% extra fat), but the cardio-respiratory fitness of male students was better than that of female students. Furthermore, In spite of decrease in waterpipe smoking in comparison to last year (13.3% versus 35.6%), many non-smoking students are exposed to waterpipe smoke (21.0%) and some of them (48.1%) had little information about the harmful effects of waterpipe smoking on athletic performance. Conclusion: According to results of this study improvement in cardio-respiratory fitness and body composition of physical education students and enhancement of their information about side-effects of waterpipe smoking should be emphasized
Mehrdad Mirzarahimi, Adel Ahadi , Afsaneh Enteshari Mogaddam, Manoochehr Barak,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Protein C is a vitamin K dependent glycoprotein. Protein C deficiency is a rare genetic disorder and its major sites of involvement are skin, eyes, lungs, central nervous system, and kidneys. This article presents a case of neonatal protein C deficiency with severe purpura fulminans and bilateral cataracts. He was initially treated with fresh-frozen plasma and then followed by warfarin. All necrotic skin lesions improved with treatment. He was the first child of his parents who were asymptomatic for protein C deficiency. We also reviewed literatures about coexistence of cataracts and protein C deficiency.
Maryam Ehsani, Khadijeh Hatamipour, Maryam Sedaghati , Atefeh Ghanbari,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Pain is one of the most common problems for which human have always been looking for efficient treatment. Several different factors may cause pain, but one of the most widespread reason is the application of some treatments and nursing measures such as intramuscular injection. The present study was designed to compare between the intensity of pain due to intramuscular injection by two different methods: Z- track and Air lock method. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 volunteer female nursing students were included. The subject was injected with one milliliter of sterilized water two times within 24 hours: the first injection by Z method and the second one by the Air lock method. The intensity of pain was measured two times by a scale graded from zero to ten. The results were compared by using descriptive statistics and independent t-test by SPSS 12 software. Results: Our findings showed that the mean of pain intensity in Z method was 1.80 ± 1.90, and raised to 3.13 ± 2.33 in Air lock method. Moreover, the intensity of pain in these two different methods had significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicated that the pain caused by Z method is less than the pain felt through Air lock method. With respecting to these results the Z method is proposed as preferred method for intramuscular injections.
Hamdollah Panahpour,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability in most of the human societies. There is no effective treatment due to complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms. Today, more researches are designed to introduce involving factors and new treatment strategies in brain ischemia. The objective of this study is to introduce an experimental model of the focal cerebral ischemia in rat with increased success rate and low mortality rate. Methods: In this research 32 male rats (Sprague-Dawley) were studied as in four experimental groups. Animals were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400mg/kg, ip). Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament method. A silicon coated nylon filament was used for middle cerebral artery occlusion. Regional cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler flowmetery to guide the insertion of the filament into the vascular pathway. 24 hours after ischemia (90minutes), animals were assessed for neurological outcome, infarct volume and brain edema formation. A new and reformed neurological test was used for evaluation of neurological deficits. 2 - millimeter coronal sections were collected from 6 levels of the brain and stained, digitized and quantified by using an image analysis system. Ischemic brain edema formation was investigated by brain water content detection. Results: Induction of ischemia in ischemic group, seriously caused impairment of motor functions (neurological deficit score 4±0.5) While sham operated rats had no motor deficit and infarction. Mean total infarct volume of left (ischemic) hemisphere was 402±43 mm3 and 62.7 percent of infarction occurred in cortical regions of the brain. Induction of focal cerebral ischemia in the left (ischemic) hemisphere of the brain significantly increased water content (84±0.23 percent) compared to both hemispheres of sham group and right hemisphere of the same group. Success rate of ischemia induction was 100 percent and there was no mortality due to technical problems. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that continuous recording of regional cerebral blood flow using laser Doppler flowmeter had significant role in increasing success rate and lowering mortality rate in the present model of ischemic rat. This experimental model with high success rate and low limitation can be used for brain ischemia studies and evaluating new therapeutic strategies.
Gholamreza Zarrini , Eiraj Rasooli, Mohsen Abazari, Younes Ghasemi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Expansion of microbial drug resistance, have indicated to introduce new source of drugs with antimicrobial properties such as antimicrobial secondary metabolites which produced of Cyanobacteria spp. Antimicrobial activity of Cyanobacteria spp. of Urmia Lake catchment area was not already reported, therefore in this research, antibacterial and antifungal properties of cyanobacteria varieties isolated from this ecosystem and identification of the potent strains were investigated. Method: Different environmental samples screened for isolation of cyanobacterial strains. Cyanobacterial extracts were prepared by using different solvents. The effect of these extracts was evaluated by disc diffusion method and by measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. Cyanobacteria spp. with the high antimicrobial activity was identified according to Microscopic and macroscopic characters and 16SrRNA sequences. Results: In this research, 54 cyanobacterial strains were isolated that six strains with significant antimicrobial activity identified as Gloeocapsa sp., Anabaena sp., Nodularia sp., Synechococcus sp., Leptolyngbya sp. and Chroococcus disperses. the highest antimicrobial activity achieved by the chloroform extract on gram positive bacteria and fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels for the cyanobacterial strains were ranged 20 to 80 µg/ml and Leptolyngbya sp. showed the highest effects on Candida krusei with MIC level 20 µg/ml. Conclusion: According to the results, cyanobacteria can be a source of production new antimicrobial compounds.the results showed that the filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena sp., Nodularia sp., and Leptolyngbya sp. produce active compounds against gram positive bacteria and yeasts.
Mohsen Sokouti, Eiraj Feizi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Hypocalcaemia is one of the severe complications of total thyroidectomy. This complication occurs due to parathyroid glands damage during operation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of transitory and permanent hypocalcaemia in patients who were subjected to total thyroidectomy and the role of the parathyroid autotransplantation on permanent hypocalcaemia . Methods: In this retrospective study, one hundred patients who suffered from malignant ( group I, 46 persons) and benign (group II, 54 persons) thyroid diseases and subjected to total thyroidectomy were included and preventing role of parathyroid autotransplantationon hypocalcaemia (permanent and transitory) was studied. Of 37 individuals of the group I who were treated with total thyroidectomy, 3 patients (subgroup A) were autotranspalnted with parathyroid glands and the rests (9 persons) who their neck lymph nodes were dissected radically and then undergone total thyroidectomy , 4 patients (subgroup B) were accomplished the autotranspalntation . In group II, just 2 patients were autotranspalnted. In overall, only in 9% of cases the autotranspalntations were done into sternocleidomastoid and deltoid muscle fibers. Results: Sixty seven percent of the patients were female with average age of 39.9 ± 10.8 years and 33% were male with average age of 37.2 ± 8.8 years. Seventeen percent of the patients showed transitory hypocalcaemia (13 persons in group I: 8 persons in subgroup A and 5 persons in subgroup B, 4 persons in group II). They were treated with intravenous and oral calcium supplements. None of patients progressed to permanent hypocalcaemia. The recovery rate obtained by the autotransplantation was significant statistically between two groups (p=0.006) and two subgroups (p=0.04). Temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis also occurred in 2% of patients but no paralysis was observed. Conclusion: The autotransplantation of injured or incidentally removed parathyroid glands into sternocleidomastoid or deltoid muscle fibers can prevent the permanent hypocalcaemia.
Parisa Tahmasebi, Fatemeh Maryam Sheikolslami , Parisa Farnia , Majid Sadeghizadeh, Rashid Ramazanzadeh, Mahdi Kazempoor, Mohammadreza Masjedi , Ali Akbar Velayati,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives : Amikacin is one of the key second-line drugs for treatment of tuberculosis. Mutations at the codons 1400, 1401and1483 of the 16srRNA gene are associated with resistance to amikacin. The purpose of this study was to detect these mutations using PCR-RFLP method in multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis showing resistance to amikacin. Methods : Susceptibility of strains (n=100) against first and second–line anti-tuberculosis drugs was performed by proportional method. Based on antimicrobial resistance pattern 97 strains were analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. rrs1096 and rrs1539 primers were used to amplify a 460bp region of the rrs gene. Then, the PCR products were digested using Tai 1 and Dde1 restriction enzymes. The results were analyzed by the SPSS software using Chi-square test. Results : Based on results from proportional method, 63 strains (64.9%) were MDR (Multiple Drug Resistant), 26 (26.8%) and 8 (8.2%) strains were susceptible and non-MDR, respectively. Also, 13.4% and 6.1% of the strains were XDR (Extensively Drug Resistant) and TDR ( Totally drug resistant ) respectively. Using PCR-RFLP method, 7 (7.2%) strains were resistant and 90 (92.7%) strains were susceptible to amikacin respectively. Moreover, we found that the mutation at the codon 1400 was the most frequent mutations responsible for resistance to amikacin. Conclusion : The PCR-RFLP method can be used as a supplemental method to detect resistance to amikacin however to increase our knowledge, mutatuions in several number of codons in rrs gene need to be studied.
Maryam Ghasemi , Farzad Rajaei, Darioush Mohammadnejad, Amir Javadi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Stress in developing countries is an important problem in human health. Feelings of stress in humans result from interactions between persons and their environment. Stressor is an external stimulus or an event that provokes a stress response in an organism. Animal models enable preclinical testing of new treatments and therapies for physical symptoms of stress disorder. In the present study the effects of social stress on male mouse reproductive system were investigated. Methods: Sixty male mice were divided into 6 groups, including two non-stressed control groups (2 cages, 5 mice per cage), two mild-stressed groups (2 cages, 10 mice per cage), and two high-stressed groups (2 cages, 15 mice per cage). Three cages (one cage from each group) kept for one month and three cages kept for two months. After one and two months the mice were anaesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. Tissue samples of testes , epididymis and vas deferens for light microscopy were removed . Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between mild and high-stresses groups in the diameter of seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, height of epithelial cells of epididymis and vas deferens. The diameter of epididymis in mild and high-stressed groups was significantly decreased as compared with that in non-stressed control groups (P<0.02, P<0.009). The diameter of vas deferens in mild-stressed groups was significantly decreased as compared with in non-stressed control groups (P<0.02). The height of epithelial cells of vas deferens in mild and high-stressed groups was significantly decreased as compared with that in non-stressed control groups (P<0.001, P<0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that crowding stress can decrease the diameter and height of epithelial cells of epididymis and vas deferens of male mice .
Mohsen Mardani Kivi , Kamran Asadi , Keyvan Hashemi Motlagh,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Anatomical reconstruction of articular surface and restoration of walking ability without pain are the main goals of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture management, but treatment results are not always satisfied. This paper focused on comparison between open reduction and internal fixation using: A) auto graft B) bone cement, in patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture. Methods : This prospective comparative study of 44 patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Patients had been divided into 2 groups and then, they were operated by the standard protocol, including lateral approach, open reduction and internal fixation with reconstruction plate. Posterior facet was supported by autogenous bone graft in the first group (BG) and it was strengthened by bone cement in the second group (BC). Patients were followed up from the point of view of following surgical complications: 1- superficial infection, 2- wound dehiscence, 3- incisional site skin necrosis, 4- Sural nerve paresthesia, 5- osteomyelitis. Functional outcome were evaluated using calcaneal fracture scoring system and ankle-hind foot scaling system of AOFAS. The gathered data was analyzed in SPSS 16 software. Results : Of 44 included patients, 36 were male (81.8%) and eight were female (18.2%). The mean of age was 44.25± 11.34 (range: 16-69 yrs), and the mean of follow-up duration was 13.27±2.71 months (range: 9-18 months). The mean of operation time in second group (BC) (41.82min) was significantly lower than first group (BG), (p<0.001). Five patients (23%) from first group (BG) and only one patient (5%) from the second group (BC) showed surgical complications (p=0.079). There was no significant difference between the average score evaluated by calcaneal fracture scoring system and the average scale indicated by ankle-hind foot scaling system. Conclusion : Instead of autogenous bone graft, the use of bone cement decreases the duration of operation time and it seems to lead in less complications.
Afrouz Mardi, Mahnaz Azari , Manoochehr Barak , Mehrnaz Mashoufi , Parvaneh Naftchi , Nasrin Foladi ,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Diarrhea is one the important causes of mortality among children in developing countries. The effect of zinc supplementation in reduction the rate of diarrhea is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on the severity and duration of diarrhea in children less than 5 years old hospitalized in Ali-Asghar hospital in Ardabil, 2005. Methods: This study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial including 228 children with acute diarrhea. The subjects randomly assigned into two placebo and experimental groups (114 patients in each group). The placebo group received glucose (5%), while the experimental group received 20 mg/day Zn sulfate. The severity and duration of diarrhea were assessed during the study. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient tests and Students t-test by SPSS software. Results: Our findings showed that most of the patients in both groups were male (age range 1-12 months, weight range 3-11 kg, weight percentile 3-50). These children had breast feeding and complete vaccination. They were the first baby in their family and the majority of them were from urban area (Ardabil city). The severity of diarrhea in zinc supplemented children (74.6%) was less than placebo group (89.5 % ) (p=0.037). There was no significant difference between two groups in the duration of diarrhea (p=0.737). There also was no relationship between the severity of diarrhea and weight percentile (p= 0.085). Conclusion: Our data indicate that zinc supplementation reduces the severity of acute diarrhea and could be advised in children with acute diarrhea.
Kamal Yavari,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Antibody-based radiopharmaceutical drugs are the great current interest in imaging and radiotherapy of cancers, and provide an important tool for target-specific delivery of radionuclides to specific antigens in the diseased tissues. The monoclonal antibody avastin binds, neutralizes VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) and blocks VEGF-induced angiogenesis in tumor tissues. In this study, the complex of avastin and beta particle was investigated as a first step in the production of a radiopharmaceutical drug. Methods: Antibody of avastin was prepared and purified. The antibody was conjugated with freshly prepared DOTA-NHS and then labeled with 153Sm-samarium chloride (185 MBq). The efficiency and in vitro stability of antibody labeling were determined using thin layer chromatography. The integrity of the radiolabeled antibody was checked by SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) protocol. Biodistribution study of 153Sm-DOTA –Avastin was performed in BALB/c mice at 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection. Results: The efficiency of antibody labeling was more than 98%. The in vitro stability of the labeled product in human serum after 120h was 83 ±2%. There was no fragmentation in the labeled antibody during SDS-PAGE protocol. The highest (%ID/g) was observed in the liver, lungs and kidneys. Conclusion: The monoclonal antibody avastin against angiogenesis was effectively radiolabeled with 153Sm. The Biodistribution study showed that it has a high specificity to accumulation in tissues with enriched blood vessels.
Eiraj Feyzi, Amin Bagheri , Samira Matin ,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Hydatid disease infection in humans is caused by larva of Echinococcus granulosus. Definitive hosts are carnivores such as dogs, while intermediate hosts are herbivores. Humans can also be intermediate hosts. Hydatid disease is clinically related to the presence of cysts, most frequently in the liver and the lungs and less frequently in the other organs such as kidney, spleen, brain, heart and bone. In this article, a case of splenic hydatid cyst is reported. A 50-years-old man was admitted to the clinic with a abdominal pain lasting for two weeks. Sonography and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a splenic cyst. Cyst was removed by a surgery. The diagnosis of a hydatid cyst was confirmed by histopathology.
Adel Spotin, Monireh Mokhtari Amirmajdi , Mojtaba Sankian, Abdolreza Varasteh, Ali Akbar Shamsian, Fatemeh Vahedi ,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Hydaticosis is a zoonotic helminthic disease of human and other intermediated hosts in which larval stages of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosu transfect human. The liver and lung are the host tissues for the hydatid cyst . It is unknown which mechanisms are involved in infertility of the cyst and suppression of the fertile cyst. This study was aimed to evaluate the expression of the apoptosis inducing-ligands such as TRAIL and Fas-L in germinal layer of the cyst and human normal tissue surrounding the cyst that is one of the unknown host innate immunity mechanisms against the hydatid cyst. Methods: In this study, four isolated hydatid cysts were used which had been diagnosed in patients by radiography and parasitological examination in Mashhad Ghaem hospital. Furthermore, the germinal layer of the cyst and accompanied normal peripheral tissues were separated by scalpel in sterile conditions. After homogenization, expression of TRAIL and Fas-L genes were studied by semi-quantitive RT-PCR method. Results: The TRAIL and Fas-L showed significant higher level expression in germinal layer of infertile cyst than the fertile cyst and host normal tissues. Conclusion: The host tissue-induced apoptosis of germinal layer of the fertile cysts is probably one of the infertility mechanism in patients with hydaticosis
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