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Showing 582 results for Subject: Special
Fariba Sadeghi Movahhed ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Bakcground & Objectives: A psychiatric disorder is an illness with psychogical or behavioral manifestations accompanied with impaired functioning. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is reported up to 30% in some communities. Regarding the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the society especially the high number of people referring to psychiatric commissions where some cases malinger with the aim of getting some secondary advantages, it seems necessary to have comprehensive information about the prevalence of these disorders. This study was an attempt to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among people to psychiatric commission of Fatemi hospital, Ardabil. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on people referring to psychiatry commission of Fatemi hospital from 2001 until 2003. A questionnaire filled through interviewing the subjects was used to collect the data. These data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics. Results: In this research out of 315 patients, the highest frequency related to mental retards with 68 (25.3%) cases. 60 (22.3%) cases had behavioral disorder, 27 (10%) stammering 26 (9.7%) personality disorders, 25 (9.3%) anxity disorders, 20 (7.4% schizophrenia, 11 (4.1%) somatoform disorder, 10 (3.7%) borderline IQ, 8 (2.9%) nevrosis, 6 (2.2%) histertic disorder, 4 (1.4%) sleep disorders and 3 (1.1%) acute psychosis. Also, 28 (8%) people referred for getting exemption from military service only 6 (21%) of whom had the qualifications for exemption. Moreover, 17 (5.3% of all the subjects were disabled. Conclusions: No significant relationship was found between age, sex, education, residence and job with psychiatric disorders. However, there was a significant relationship between marital status and disablement with psychiatric disorders. The most common causes of referring to the psychiatry commission were mental retardness and histery whereas sleep disorders and psychosis were the least important ones.
Hesam Abdolhoseinpour , Mojtaba Malek , Mohammad Mohammadi , Gholamreza Bakhshandepour,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Delayd post-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (DTICH) is a kind of brain hemorrhage which occurs after the first six hours of the head trauma, and is not detected in the initial CT Scan taken from the patient in the first 6 hours after the trauma. As DTICH is one of the most important factors in occurance of secondary brain injuries in patients with head trauma, its early diagnosis and treatment could significantly decrease mortality and morbidity of these patientes. This diagnosis is a contraindication to anti-coagulant therapy. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of factors associated with DTICH incidence. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in Semnan trauma center. In this research all the patients with head trauma who referred to Emdad hospital between 2002 and 2004 were studied and the data about the delayed post-traumatic intracranial hemorraege (20 cases) were included. Then, beside determining the incidence of DTICH in the patients with hemorrhage, some risk factors such as headache, contusion, reduction level of conciousness, skull fracture and impact intensity to the head were compared with a control group (40 cases) who had head trauma without primary or delayed hemorrhage. The groups were age and sex-matched. The data were analyzed using Chi-aquare and computing odds ratio. Results: This study showed that the frequency of DTICH was 10.6%. There was a meaningful relationship between DTICH and skull fracture, reduction of conciousness level, contusion and impact intensity. But, there was no meaningful relationship between DTICH and intractable headache. Conclusions: The results indicated that cases such as skull fracture, contusion, impact intensity and findings such as the reduction of consciousness in patients with head trauma (with no hemorrhage in the first CT scan), can be the risk factors for DTICH.
Ghodrat Mohammadi, Masoud Naderpoor ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Otosclerosis is one of the causes of conductive hearing loss in different ages, the diagnosis of which sometimes becomes difficult using clinical and audiological symptoms. The early diagnosis and surgical treatment of this disorder will give a normal hearing to the patient. The goal of this study was to determine the role of exploratory tympanotomy in revealing the patients with hearing loss as a result of otosclerosis which is impossible to be diagnosed based on clinical and audiological, symptoms. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 33 patients (18 females and 15 males) with conductive hearing loss suspected to otosclerosis, who were admitted to oto-rhino-laryngology department of Imam Khomeini hospital from 1999 to 2003 and underwent exploratory tympanomy. In 30 patients (16 females) otosclerosis was revealed during operation all of these patients underwent stapedectomy. During three weeks after surgery, the patients were examined in terms of facial paralysis, non-response to treatment, deterioration of hearing ability, dizziness, the probability of tympanic perforation and other complications. Audiological tests were also studied. The obtained data were recorded and compared with findings of other researches. Results:The prevalence of the disease in women was more than men, and the majority of the patients had referred to be treated in the third and fourth decade of their life, while they had a history of hearing loss from the second or third decade of their life. The positive family history was below compared to other studies, but conductive hearing loss was more prevalent. This treatment led to hearing improvement in majority of the patients. Conclusions: Considering the proper time for stapedectomy is very important since better results can be abtained if the patients are operated with lower degrees of hearing loss. Thus, exploratory tympanotomy leads to early diagnosis and treatment in patients with conductive hearing loss suspected to otosclerosis.
Farideh Mostafazadeh , Mehrnaz Mashoufi , Masoumeh Rostamnegad ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Ceasarean section (CS) has increased in rate during the past years. Due to postoperative complications, long recovery time and high costs of surgery, normal delivery is recommended as a routine method. Regarding the increase in the number of CS and its acceptability on the part of the public, it seems that women’s as well as health personnels' attitudes play an effective role in selecting the termination method. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare pregnant women’s and health personnels' attitude toward termination procedures. Methods: This was a descriptive and comparative study. 84 health personnels and 300 pregnant women who referred to Ardabil health centers in 2002 were selected. These subjects' attitudes were collected through Likert questionnaire and the collected data were analyzed by SPSS, using t-test. Results: The findings showed that 30.1% of women and 50% of health personnels had positive attitudes towards normal delivery. The findings also indicated that there was a significant difference between pregnant women and health personnels in their attitudes toward normal delivery and cesarean (p=0.001). Conclusions: Since health personnels had a more positive attitude towards normal delivery than pregnant women did, it seems that the young as well as the pregnant individuals in society need more education and awareness to be able to change their attitudes towards delivery methods. Health personnel, due to their high positive attitude towards normal delivery, can play a more beneficial role in this regard.
Hamid Mirzaei , Soltanali Mahboob , Karim Kazeman Alanag , Gity Karim ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Salmonella is amongst the most important food-borne pathogens and s .typhimurium is the most common species causing food infection. L. casei, B. bifidum and B. angulatum are among probiotics with siginificant benefical effects in consumers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of the mentioned probiotics with s .typhimurium in vitro and growth in synthetic peptone water medium to evaluate the provisional effects of probiotic consumption in prevention and treatment of s .typhimurium food infection in humans. Methods: In order to activate the lyophilized bacteria, they were inoculated in erlene meyer containing peptone water and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The activated probiotics and s .typhimurium were then incubated separately and together in peptone water medium for 24 hours at 37 ° c. Then, the number of their probiotic bacteria and S.typhimurium were counted in MRS and BGA media using surface plate method. This procedure was repeated 10 times for each experiment and a mean number of s .typhimurium in each ml of erlene meyer containing s .typhimurium alone and with probiotics and also the mean number of probiotic bacteria in each ml of erlene meyer containing probiotic alone and with salmonella were compared using independent t-test. Results: Co-cultural growth of L.casei and B.angulatum significantly inhibits s .typhimurium growth (P<0.05) but the inhibitory effect of B.bifidum was not meaningful and the co-culture of S.typhimurium had no meaningful effect on the growth of the above bacteria. Conclusions: Consumption of products containing L.casei and B.angulatum could have benefical effects in prevention and treatment of S.typhimurium infection although more in vivo researches should be carried out in this regard.
Vadood Norouzi , Eiraj Feizy , Firooz Amani , Pouneh Zamani ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Pain acts as a defensive mechanism of body, which occurs following tissue damage. It is expected in surgical wounds. With regard to negative clinical outcomes resulting from surgery pain, this study was conducted to investigate the quality of pain control after appendectomy. Methods: In this descriptive, cross- sectional and prospective study, 200 patients undergoing appendectomy were randomly selected. Pain control in all of the patients was managed for 8 hours using narcotics injected intramuscularly. The patients were studied during 12 hours after surgery. The rating scale of 0-10 grade was used to estimate pain severity. The collected data were analysed by SPSS. Results: From 200 patients experiencing appendectomy, 101 (50.5%) were female and 99 (49.5%) were male. Pain was controlled with pethidine, methadon and pentazocin in 123 (61.5%), 51 (25.5%) and 26 (13%) patients, respectively. In 98 (49%) patients there was severe pain following the surgery. The most severe pain belonged to 21 (80.7%) patients who received pentazocin. Conclusions: With regard to multiple complications and problems resulting from pain after appendectomy, careful control of pain and more attention is necessary.
Tajaddin Akbarzadeh Khiavi , Mohammadreza Nahaei , Ahmad Rahmati , Mohammad Asgharzadeh, Javid Sadegi ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Staphylococcus aureus as aGram- positive coccus causes a variety of infections in humans. It is one of the infectious agents in hemodialysis patients. Those patients who carry this organism at their nose are exposed to infection and possible morbidity and mortality due to this bacterium. Resistance to antibiotics in staphylococci is increasing. Resistance development is due to mutation and by plasmid DNA transmission. The aim of this study was to determine plasmid profile and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from nasal carriers in dialysis patients in Imam Khomeini Medical Center. Susceptibility testing to antibiotics, plasmid extraction and analysis and epidemiologic relationship of these isolates were investigated. Methods: In this study nasal specimens of 107 patients in dialysis ward of Imam Khomeini Medical Center were collected and cultured on blood agar plates. The colonies were identified as S.aureus strains. The susceptibility of 50 strains isolated from the patients against 12 antibiotics were tested using Kirby- Bauer standard method. A standard S.aureus strain (ATCC29213) was used to control quality of antibiotic discs. The isolates were cultured on LB medium and plasmid DNAs were extracted and electrophoresed on agarose gel using Parisi et al method. Results : The results of resistance rate against 12 used antibiotics were as follows: resistance of the strains against gentamicin, oxacillin, neomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, choloramphenicole, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin were 20%, 28%, 30%, 26%, 30%, 44%, 32%, 36%, and 10%, respectively. All of the strains were resistant to amoxycillin and penicillin and none of them were resistant to vancomycin. Of 50 S. aureus strains, only 27 strains contained plasmid DNA. Most of the strains revealed a big plasmid. Plasmid profiles of the strains will be presented. Discussion: Our results showed that there was a close relationship between high resistance to antibiotics and presence of plasmids in S. aureus strains. Similarities among resistance to antibiotics and plasmid profiles in our strains isolated from the same ward showed that these strains were from the same sources and indicated a unique clonal possibility. The resistance to antibiotics of the strains lacking plasmids could be from choromosomal resistance
Hasan Anari, Farhad Salehzadeh , Ramin Mirmohammadi , Simin Monshari ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Developmental dislocation of hip (DDH) as an inherited joint disorder results from external location of the head of femora from the acetabulum.Early diagnosis of this disorder is very important and any delay may result in long life handicap. Nowadays new methods such as sonogrphy are recommended in diagnosis of this disorder. Radiology and physical examination are traditional methods. This study was designed to evaluate the results of sonographical, radiological and physical examination findings in 100 infants who were suspected to have DDH. Methods: This analytical-cross sectional study was done in private clinics from June 2004 to June 2005. The one hundred infants who were suspected to have DDH in physical examination entered the study. A questionnaire was completed for each infant, and then sonography and radioghray have been done for them. The data were collected and analyzed by statistical programs. Results: Among 100 infants 48% were female and 52% male, with mean age 42±7.23.In 44% they were the firstborn.58% had normal delivery and 42% cesarean section. 15% had breech presentation. In 28% radiological and 56% sonographical methods showed findings in favor of DDH. Conclusion: This study showed, simultaneous physical and sonographic examination especially during the first month result in early and precise diagnosis of DDH, on the other hand it does not have radiologic side effects.
Bahman Bashardoost , Azizollah Adib , Ziba Faaalpoor , Maryam Gavami Nashr,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Hypertension is one of the major factors of cardiovascular diseases among hemodialysis patients which shoes its effect along with vascular changes. 75-80% of the patients with ESRD are hypertensive. Despite many available druge to decrease the blood pressure, many of these patients remain hypertensive. The major cause Of Hypertension is the increase in the blood volume which is due to the water and salt retention in the body. It doesn't seem that the uptake of body's fluid for a short period can have a remarkable effect on the pressure. Methods: This descriptive analytic study was done on 80 hemodialysis patients who were under trearment at Buali hospital. First patients were investigated according to age, sex, frequency of dialysis in the week and dialysis duration. These for each patient the blood pressure before and during dialysis and weight changes before and after dialysis with two consectiue sessions were measured. Calculated and MAP was determined. Finally data was analyzed through SPSS. Results: 48 out of 74 patients (64.9%) had hypertension. Blood pressure was controlled in 41 patients (55.4%). Age, sex, dialysis period and sessions of dialysis did not have a significant relationship with hypertension control. The study showed a high prevalence of high blood pressure in hemodialysis patients (64.9%). The blood pressure was not controlled in the majority of patients (44.6%). Conclusion: Patients' weight changes have no significant effect on hypertension. This shows that the causes for blood pressure can be due to other causes different from increase in the blood volume among hemodialysis patients and perhaps the chronic blood volume increase is not related to hypertension.
Afshar Tamook , Fereidoon Ashenaie, Joobin Yeganeh Moghadam , Mahdi Chiniforush , Nayereh Amini Sani, Shahram Habibzadeh ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Visceral leishmaniasis is a reticulo endothelia system and it is known as 'black fever' by Indians. According to WHO every year there are 500 thousand new cases of it in the world. The province of Ardabil, with 25-40% from all the country's leishmaniasis has a major part in the country and is considered as one of the main focuses in Iran. Due to its importance, this study was done to identify clinical signs and demographic characteristics of the patients. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was done retrospectively 110 children who were hospitalized in three different active hospitals between 1375-1382 entered in this study. Disease definition include parasite detection in bone marrow aspivation or special clinical signs (fever, spleenomegal, pansytopenia and weight loss) in addition direct agglutination test was positive. The samples were investigated in terms of demographic information. Place of living, clinical signs and the length of time between the symptoms of the disease and its diagnosis. To get to the results, simple descriptive statistics was used. 37.8% of the patients were diagnosed from the beginning of symptoms with in a month. Results: There were 56.4% boys and 43.6% girls of all the 110 children. DAT test was done in 97 patients which was positive in 91 cases (minimum positive titer 1/400). In 42 patients biopsy and bone marrow aspiration was done which was positive in 26 cases (lishman body detection). The age of the patients was 4 months -14 years. The most common findings were fever 97.3% and anorexia 97.1%. There was anemia in 90% thrombocytopenia in 60.8% and leukopenia in 24.8%. There was death in 6 patients (5.5%) and unresponsiveness to the treatment in 3 cases (2.7%). Conclusion: The results of the present study nearly corresponds to those of other studies. The main vulnerable community of visceral lieshmaniasis are mainly children. In order to decrease the mortality and morbidity its early diagnosis is essential. It is necessary that the physicians working in endemic regions be familiar enough with the disease.
Adalat Hosseinian , Shahram Habibzadeh , Saeid Sadegieh Ahari , Akbar Mokhtarpoor,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Back grounds and objectives : Arthrosclerosis is the major cause of cerberovascular disorders and major problems of industrial countries. Mortality from chronic diseases such as arthrosclerosis and mortality from infectious diseases have a reverse, relationship with economic and educational levels of people. For this reason, investigating the relationship of MI with other risk factors such as infections has been of great interest. Methods: This was a case- control study. 60 patients with MI and 60 matched cases were selected from other wards of Boali Hospital. All of the patients who had been admitted with myocardial infarction diagnosis in the time of study were selected and information about them was recorded in a researcher made questionnaire. Serum sample from patients and control case were sent to determinations of IgG Anti Chlamydia antibodies with enzyme immune assay. Control case were selected from other wards of hospital who matched in age, sex and same test in serum sample was done. Results: In this study in each group 48 persons (80%) were male and 12 persons (20%) were female. The range of age group was 35-80. Mean age group was 58.83±12.6 (SD) and mean age of control tools was 59.08±11.59.All of the patients in each group had anti Chlamydia antibodies (IgG) (titer more than 5U/ml). The mean range IgG in both groups were compared through t-test and there was no significant difference between them (p=0.85). Conclusion: In this study all of the cases and controls had anti Chlamydia antibodies. (IgG) high prevalence due to cold climate and high crowd of people in this area may be related to Chlamydia infection.
Mohammad Rahbar , Roghaiye Sabourian , Mahnaz Saremi , Mohammad Abbasi , Hosein Masoumi Asl , Mahmood Soroush ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Objectives: Cholera is an endemic disease in Iran and some cases of this disease are reported throughout the world annually. The aim of this study was to determine epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype ELTor serotype Inaba in 2005 summer outbreak in Iran. Methods: Stool samples were collected from patients suspected of having cholera who were admitted to hospitals and clinics and then were cultured in TCBS. Specimens examined by confirmed bacteriological methods and ultimately they were serotyped by special antiserums. Finally 5% of the isolates were sent to Cholera Reference Laboratory for confirmation, serotyping and susceptibility testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion methods and E-test minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as recommended by NCCLS. Results: Totally, 1118 patients were to have cholera the epidemicity. The Disease was reported from twenty six provinces. The majority of cases were reported from Tehran, Qum and Hamedan with 219, 190 and 150 cases respectively. 50% of patients were between 15-34 years old. 53% of patients were male and 47% female. 97.7% of patients had Iranian nationality, 2.3% were from Afghanistan and Pakistan. 20% of patients were hospitalized and 80% were treated as outpatients. Case mortality rate was 1%. 1104 isolates were Inaba serotype and only 14 cases were ogawa serotype. Our studies revealed that the origin of Vibrio cholerae was consumption of raw vegetables that were watered by sewage. We also isolated V. cholerae from sewages. All isolates were resistant to Co-trimoxazole, Nalidixic acid, Furazolidone, and intermediate to Chloramphenicole. All isolates were susceptible to Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, and Erythromycin. MIC for Co-trimoxazole and Nalidixic acid were over 256µg/ml and 1.5µg/ml for Erythromycin. The antibiogram results showed that all isolates had the same origin. Conclusion: Our study reveals that, unlike previous epidemics, the causative agent of cholera in summer outbreak of 2005 was V. Cholerae ELTor, serotype Inaba. Concering the similar antibiogram pattern they had the same origin.
Siyavash Savadi Oskuee, Parnian Alizadeh Oskuee, Narmin Mohammadi , Soodabeh Kimiaie, Hosein Vatandoost ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background and purposes: Because of huge growth of snack food industry in the last few years the nation’s eating habits are undergoing major transformation with a replacement of traditional main meals by more frequent snacking. Dietary changes have been notable in children and particularly students so they are the major consumers of these foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the snack and sweet drinks consumption at school times and its relationship with first molar cavities level in a group of students . Methods: The study was carried out in a group of 400, 8-12 year-old boy students in Area 5 Tabriz school. Data were collected through simple examination and questionnaire completed by a interveiwer. Findings were analyzed with descriptive statistic methods and chi-square Test . Results: The findings showed that nearly all the students (91%) had one or more snack or sweet drinks at school time. Biscuits, dried berries and raisins and packed fruit juice were the most popular. First molar cavities as expressed in DMFT increased significantly with high intake of snacks. Conclusion: Snack and sweet drinks consumption is high among Tabriz students, and first molar cavities level is increased with high snacks intakes.
Hadi Sadeghi , Saleh Rohollahi ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Ardabil city with population of about 340386 is still supplied with groundwater resource for drinking. That should have optimum quality standards in different aspects. If a drinking water physicochemical parameters levels is higher than the permitted recommended levels, they may create irreversible damages. This study intended to determine the physicochemical parameters of drinking water in Ardabil in the year 2004. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that has been done on 35 samples of Ardabil city drinking water resources in 2004. Most of the physicochemical parameters due to their importance and present limitations or even through technical restriction in water and wastewater laboratory of Ardabil health care centers were chemically analyzed and the results were statistically analyzed and compared by 1053 country standard methods. Results: According to the results of analyzed samples and their comparison with their related standard, it is estimated that So4, Po4 and total hardness of samples were %9, %71 & %41 respectively more than maximum acceptable level. Fluorine of samples was %57 less than the minimum recommended fluorine. Conclusion: Due to the lack of consistency in the values of So4, Po4, fluorine and total hardness of testing samples with the related standards, programming for obviation of the problems seems essential.
Fariba Kahnamoie Aghdam , Firooze Asadzadeh Monir , Firooz Amani ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background and objectve: Hyper prolactinemia is a disorder which is presented in clinical forms of galatrrhea infertility, menstural disorder, hirsotism and PMS. Bromocriptin is agonist of dopamine and a drug for treatment of this disorder. Because of the necessity in continuous consumption of this drug (even for many years), the acceptance of the patients to the drug is important. In the present study the side-effects and acceptance level of patients to bromocriptin for the two forms of oral and vaginal use were studied. Methods: This study is a single-blinded clinical trial. Cases of study were patients referring Gynecology clinic with complaints of “Galactoria, Hirsotism, Menstural disorders and infertility.” The samples were 180 (two groups of 90 members each) and the length of study was two years. The samples were divided into two groups, (oral & vaginal). Before the start of the study, cases underwent, in terms of systemic and local complication, systemic and gynceologic examination to control systemic and local side effects. After health assurance of other systems, drugs were administered in two forms one group oral and the other group vaginal. The data was collected on the basis of questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. Results: This study showed the side effects of Bromcriptin in oral-forms they were 100% and for vaginal-froms they were 43.2%. Most of the side effects in oral froms were nausea 38.9% and in vaginal from was vaginal itching (22.3%). Vertingo in oral forms was more than vaginal form (27.8% to 2.3%). Hypotension was seen in 11.2% of oral forms but not in vaginal form. About 51.2% of oral form group had more than two complications. In both groups the most complications were seem within the first ten days (37.8% and 66.7%). Severity of side effects in 31.2% of oral forms and 11% of vaginal forms were so tense that resulted to patients' discontinuation of the drug. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between severity, intensity and kind of complications in the forms of oral and vaginal use of Branocriptin and acceptance and duration of drug intake in vaginal forms is more than oral forms.
Mokhtar Mokhtari , Mehrdad Shariatie , Nazanin Tadayon ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Spironolactone is a diuretic and antiandrogenic drug and is used in the treatment of hypertention 'secondary hyprealdosteronism congestive heart failure' cirrhosis of the liver, nephrotic syndrome 'androgenic alopecia' gynecomastia and hirsutism. In this research, the effects of spironolactone on the serum LH, FSH, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and changes in body weight and testicular tissue in adult male rats, were studied. Methods: For this purpose 190 10 g male wistar rats (n=40) were randomly divided into the following grups: control, sham operated (received water) and 25, 50, 100 mg/kg oral spironolactone treated groups. After 14 days body weight and testis weight under laboratory methods, were measured and blood samples were taken from heart and used for the measuring of LH/FSH/testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and then the rates' testes, in order to evaluate the histological changes, were removed and weighed and after obtaining tissue section and staining through HE, they were studied. Results: Serum LH level showed a significant increase and testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels showed asignigicant decrease in 100mg/kg spironolactone treated group ( p 0.05 ) and there was no significant difference among serum FSH level, body weight and testicular weight as compared to control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that oral administration of spironolactone maximum dose for 14 days could increase serum LHlevel and decrease testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels.
Parviz Molavi, Hosein Mohammadnia, Roohollah Arab , Akbar Atadokht ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Tension headache is one of the most common types of headaches that millions of people suffer from it. So far different treatments have been used to confront with tension headaches. According to the studies, tension headaches usually respond well to nonpharamacological treatment. The objective of this survey is the comparison between efficacy and effectiveness rate of SIT and medical treatment for tension headache treatment. Methods: In this study, 30 patients who had referred to neurology clinic of Alavi Hospital and private clinics, during the months of June and July in 2003, with chronic tension headache complaint, were selected randomly. These 30 patients were entered to two study groups and the third control groups. The patients in the first and second group received SIT and medical treatment respectively. The third group was considered as the control group and received no intervention. Indices of headache (frequency, severity and duration) were evaluated in 3 stages (Before treatment, after treatment and within one-month follow up period) by using a headache record device for all of patients. The collected data were analyzed by inferential statistical SIT methods, variance analysis and LSD pair comparison. Results: The data found from ANOVA methods (Analysis of variance) showed that both methods (Stress inoculation training and medical treatment) are effective in the treatment of chronic tension headache, but comparison between two groups showed that the group who received SIT had a significant difference compared to the group who received medical treatment in terms of efficacy rate on duration and consistency of headache symptom (p<0.05). In other indices of headache (freauency and severity), there was no significant difference between these two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that effiectiveness rate of stress inoculation training is more effective than medical treatment of tension headache (in terms of headache symptoms duration and consistency).
Mohammad Narimani , Mojghan Khanbabazadeh , Saeid Farzaneh ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Emoployees' job satifaction (JS) is related to multiple factors and one of which is the personality factors. The present study was an attempt to find a relationship, if any, between personality and job satisfaction among Ardabil universities' staff. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 247 employees who were sampled from a population of 390 individuals working in Ardabil university of medical sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabil University and Islamic Azad University of Ardabil. Instruments used for data collection were Bren Rowiter personality test and standard job satisfaction test. The personality test evaluated neurosis, autism, introversion / extroversion, dominance, self confidence and socialization in the subjects. Results: The findings indicated that socialization and self confidence were the most common characteristics among the subjects. These employees enjoyed a moderate to high job satisfaction). Neuresis and dominance tendencies can predict the job satisfaction among the university staff. It was also shown that men had more dominance than women. Conclusion:Since there was a positive correlation between self confidence and neurosis with JS, in order to promote JS, it is recommended to hold JT classes aiming to teach methods of controlling anger and improving self-confidence. Besides, the authorities in these universities should be taught to create a sense of respect in the employees rather than criticizing and blaming them. This can enhance self-confidence and improve JS among these employees.
Ali Nemmati , Soheila Refahi, Manoochehr Barak , Manije Jafari , Gholamhosein Ettehad,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: 11% of all newborns in the developing countries suffer from low birth weight (LBW). Birth weight has an important role in individual health, family and society. Lower and higher birth weight from standard rate lead to morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine associations between some of maternal anthropometric measurements such as BMI, pre-gravida weight, height, age with birth weight. Methods: This is an analytical-descriptive study, in which there were 300 pregnant women who hard referred to Alavi Hospital, Ardebil for delivery. Maternal pre-gravida height, weight and birth weight were collected from their units. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the maternal pre-gravida weight in kg by height in m squared (kg/m2). The relationship between maternal anthropometric measurements and birth weight was analyzed by t-test. Results: Our study showed that 32 (10.7%) women had BMI<19.8, 185 (61.7%) BMI=19.8-26 and 83 (27.7%) BMI>26. 36.3% of women were under 55 kg, 48.3% between 55 to 70 kg and 15.3% over 70 kg. The relationship between maternal pre-gravida BMI, weight and birth weight was statistically significant (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between maternal age and neonatal birth weight. Conclusion: Pre-gravida body mass index (BMI) and weight could be two important anthropometric measurements associated with birth weight. Thus, it is recommended that women give adequate preconceptional and prenatal care to decrease the amount of LBW and HBW in population.
Mohammadreza Nahaei , Reza Bohloli Khiavi , Mohammad Asgarzadeh, Alka Hasani , Javid Sadeghi, Mohammad Akbari Dibavar ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial pathogen that presents high antibiotic resistance.There are phenotyping and genotyping methods for epidemiologic study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa such as antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmid profile analysis. Plasmid analysis provides useful information concerning the source of the strains and number of clones present in the epidemies. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate antibiotic and plasmid profiles of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from in-patients of the Sina Medical Centre of Tabriz to clarify epidemyological correlation among isolated strains. Methods: During 13 months, 135 strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from different infections in hospitalized patients at Sina Medical Center of Tabriz. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using disc agar diffusion test. For plasmid DNA extraction and detection of open circular bands from supercoiled ones, modified alkaline lysis procedure and two dimensional electrophoresis were used, respectively. Enzymatic digestion of plasmids was carried out by EcoRI and HincII restriction enzymes. Results: Resistance rates of strains against antibacterial agents were recorded as: Aztreonam (77%), colistin (74%), ceftazidime (69%), pipracillin (67%), ofloxacin (62%), tobramycin (56%), carbenicillin (54%), gentamicin (51%), ciprofloxacin (22%), amikacin (15%), polymixin B (13%) and imipenem (2%). Plasmid profiles of our test strains revealed that only 67 strains harbored plasmid(s). Number of isolated plasmids ranged 1-6 in each strain with molecular mass of 0.5kb-21kb. When the isolated plasmids were digested using restriction endonuclease enzymes (EcoRI and HincII), in 32% of them similar digestion profiles were obtained by EcoRI indicating a unique source for them. Conclusion : Our findings suggest high antibiotic resistance and plasmid presence in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different infections, and there were remarkable similarities among isolated plasmids. Since our test strains had been isolated from various wards in a short period of time, the results raise the possibility of unique source for some strains or high prevalence of genetic exchange among P. aeruginosa strains.
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