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Showing 893 results for Type of Study: article
Mehrnoosh Kaviani, Mouhamad Hassan Pourrashid, Saeedeh Galledar,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are commonly prescribed drugs by dentists. Irrational use of these drugs can lead to unwanted drug side effects, such as drug resistance in addition to unnecessary costs. This research was conducted to determine the antibiotic prescription pattern by dentists of Ardabil City based on the international ATC/DDD system.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 250 prescriptions of patients referred to dentists in Ardabil during the second quarter of 2021 were examined. The information related to prescribed drugs includes: drug dose, frequency of drug use, number of drugs that were collected and completed in the dental offices and clinics of Ardabil city, and finally after converting the data into a certain daily dose based on the ATC-DDD system, acquired data was analyzed using One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests and SPSS version 21 software, the significance level was considered less than 0.05.
Results: Out of the total 250 reviewed prescriptions, 207 prescriptions (82.8%) contained antibiotics. Metronidazole (73.4%) and amoxicillin (70.5%), were the most antibiotic drugs prescribed by Ardabil dentists respectively. In all prescribed drugs, the DDD value was higher than the standard DDD value. There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of the number of copies (p<0.05). The highest frequency was related to the prescription of three drugs and the lowest frequency was related to the prescription of six drugs. In terms of pharmaceutical forms, 201 prescriptions (97.1%) were only oral drugs and 6 (2.9%) were both oral and injectable
Conclusion: The results showed that the amount of antibiotics prescribed in prescriptions was higher than the standard DDD and the number of drugs prescribed in prescriptions was also higher than the figure recommended by the World Health Organization.
Morad Beiranvand, Hossein Hamidinejat, Somayeh Bahrami, Mohammad Reza Tabandeh, Meysam Makki,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: A zoonotic obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, infects all warm-blooded animals as well as humans worldwide. Identification of the level of infection in intermediate hosts gives us an important data about understanding the role of this parasite in human health as well as estimating the economic loss in livestock. Therefore, the main aim of this study was the isolation and identification of T. gondii from aborted goat fetuses by PCR in Lorestan province.
Methods: From autumn 2023 to summer 2024, the brain and liver of 100 goat fetuses were examined for T. gondii by PCR based on the amplification of 529 base pair fragments from repetitive regions of the parasite genome. The study was performed in three aborted fetus groups, less than 2 months, 2 to 4 months and more than 4 months.
Results: From a total of 100 examined samples, conventional PCR detected the T. gondii infection in 6 (6%) and 2 of the brain and liver fetuses respectively.
Conclusion: This study shows a notable level of infection in goat fetuses, and as a result, T. gondii should be considered an important agent involved in the abortion of goats in the Lorestan province of Iran. On the other side, it is necessary to pay more attention to the risk of transmission of this parasite from farmed animals to humans, especially pregnant women and people with suppressed immune system.
Roksana Farabi, Aylin Javan-Molaei, Esmaeil Farzaneh, Saeid Sadeghieh Ahari, Sara Mostafalou,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Poisoning is one of the common causes of hospital emergency department referrals, especially in adolescents and young people; therefore, knowing the pattern of poisoning will be helpful in identifying risk factors and early detection of poisoning. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of acute poisoning in adults referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil from 2017 to 2020.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study, 755 cases related to poisoned patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil from 2017 to 2020 were reviewed. The extracted data include ward, gender, age, marital status, place of residence, general status, cause of poisoning, and time of referral, were recorded on the checklist. Obtained Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and SPSS25 software.
Results: The results showed that drug poisoning, opium (opium and its derivatives) and pesticides were the first to third ranks of the most poisoning agents. Most of the poisoned patients were men, married, in the age group of 21 to 30 and living in urban areas. Most of the poisonings were intentional and 33 deaths (4.4%) happened due to poisonings. The cause of poisoning had a significant relationship with age, sex, marital status, place of poisoning (p<0.05) but had no significant relationship with the general condition and time of patients' referral.
Conclusion: Acute poisoning is a major health problem in Ardabil province. The results show that the three agents of drug poisoning, opium and pesticides are the main means of poisoning in adults. Most cases of poisoning occurred in young and adult groups and were in the age range of 21 to 30 years. Poisonings occurred in people aged 31 to 40 were more due to amphetamine. Poisoning with aluminum phosphide tablets had increased compared to before. Consumption of aluminum phosphide is one of the problems of today's societies and it was one of the main causes of death in this research, so it is better to provide necessary measures for management and training for its correct use. Also, by limiting the use of these agents and replacing other methods and techniques, poisoning with these agents can be reduced.
Reza Javanshir, Hossein Kalarestaghy, Ramin Salimnejad,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the cessation of ovarian function in women under 40. One of the mechanisms involved in the induction of POI is oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the effect of caffeic acid on the morphometrical changes of ovarian follicles of POI model mice.
Methods: Thirty-two female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8): 1) Control group (cont), 2) Caffeic acid group (CAF), 3) Premature ovarian insufficiency group (POI), and 4) Premature ovarian insufficiency + Caffeic acid group (POI+CAF). POI was induced through daily subcutaneous injections of D-galactose (200 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Caffeic acid (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was injected daily for 4 weeks from 15th day. One day after the last injection, the mice were anesthetized and the ovaries were removed. Then, the morphometric changes of ovarian follicles were examined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining.
Results: The results showed that D-Galactose-induced POI significantly decreases the diameter of primary, secondary, and antral follicles (P<0.05). Administration of caffeic acid in the POI+CAF group significantly prevented the reduction of follicle diameter (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that caffeic acid can prevent the reduction of the diameter of ovarian follicles in POI model mice.
Mahzad Yousefian, Ali Mohammadian-Erdi, Afshan Sharghi, Mina Deldadeh Moghaddam,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: One of the major challenges in surgery is pain control after surgery. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of magnesium sulfate in improving the quality of anesthesia in patients who are candidates for appendectomy surgery.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 42 people in the control group and 42 people in the intervention group were randomly included. For the intervention group, 50 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate was injected and for the control group, the same amount of distilled water was injected as a placebo. After surgery, the patients were examined for pain, nausea and vomiting, anxiety, blood pressure and heart rate, and the satisfaction of the surgeon in terms of muscle relaxation. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS-26 by statistical methods and p<0.05 was considered as significant level.
Results: The average pain of the patients in the first, third, sixth and twelfth hours of the study in the intervention group with 1.4, 2.66, 3.3 and 3.19 were significantly lower than the control group. In terms of relaxation, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in the first, third, sixth, twelfth and eighteenth hours of the study. In the examination of nausea and vomiting of patients, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. During surgery, a significant difference was observed in patients receiving magnesium sulfate compared to the control group in terms of surgeon satisfaction.
Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate was effective in controlling patients' pain and anxiety and surgeon's satisfaction during surgery, but it was not effective in controlling patients' nausea and vomiting.
Roya Houshmandi Khaneghahi, Shahram Habibzadeh, Farhad Pourfarzi, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. Consumption of raw or undercooked meat infected with tissue cysts and consumption of parasite oocysts are considered the main ways of parasite transmission to humans. The most severe complications of toxoplasmosis occur in people who have an ineffective immune system, as well as during pregnancy. Since the awareness of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in different population groups and geographical areas and the risk factors involved in it, is one of the most important indicators which can be estimated the risk of infection in any society, this study aims to know the extent of prevalence of anti-toxoplasma antibody in serum and some risk factors related to it in females in Ardabil city.
Methods: Three hundred forty nine female of Ardabil city were randomly selected based on the files available in health centers. This number was divided into ten-year age groups with an age range of 1-69 years. These people were invited and included in the study if they agreed. The designed questionnaire was completed and blood samples were taken. Serum samples were tested using an ELISA kit to detect anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody.
Results: The prevalence rate of anti-toxoplasma IgG antibody in female residents in Ardabil, aged 1 to 69 years was 45%. The prevalence rate was directly related to increasing age. People’s education level had an inverse relationship with the infection rate. Despite the increase in seropositivity, the prevalence rate in people who had contact with cats was not significant. Also, the prevalence rate had a direct and significant relationship with increasing BMI.
Conclusion: The seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasmosis antibody in female people in Ardabil is equal to 45% and is high compared to the world estimates. 70-75% of people of marriageable age are seronegative and are at risk of contracting acute toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, which requires appropriate preventive health policies.
Homa Akhavan Aghghaleh, Najmeh Ranji, Hadi Habibollahi,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is a type of malignancy that affects the digestive system. Symptoms of gastric cancer are often hard to detect in the early stages, and become more noticeable only after cancer cells have grown inside the stomach wall and spread to other parts of the body. The genetic code of the cancer cells is located within the genome. Synonymous and non-synonymous mutations are two subgroups of SNP codes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between genetic variants and susceptibility to gastric cancer in Ardabil province.
Methods: The distribution of variants in the genomic DNA of 150 volunteers from the general population of Ardabil was determined using whole exome sequencing. Databases such as Iranome, Alfa, GnomAD, and 1000G were used to compare allele frequencies. After calculating the frequency of variants using standard methods, Pearson correlation was utilized to statistically analyze their correlation with age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) for gastric cancer in related populations. A p-value below 0.05 was deemed statistically significant for all analyses. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.
Results: Significant differences in 19 variants , including rs10061133, rs1050631, rs12220909, rs12983273, rs1695, rs2274223, rs2292832, rs2294008, rs2505901, rs2976391, rs33927012, rs3744037, rs3745469, rs4789936, rs4986790, rs4986791, rs6194, rs63750447, and rs6505162 were found between the general population of Ardabil and other populations. A statistically significant difference was observed and reported at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels in relation to the correlation between the desired variants.
Conclusion: Results suggest a correlation between gene variants in carcinogenesis, highlighting the need for functional studies on gene cooperation in gastric cancer development.
Hossein Kalarestaghi, Mir-Mahdi Hosseini, Ramin Salimnejad,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Liver aging is an important risk factor for chronic liver diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a common pathological mechanism for liver aging. This study aims to investigate caffeic acid's effects against liver injuries in a D-galactose-induced mouse aging model.
Methods: Forty male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8): 1) control (Con); 2) Sham; 3) caffeic acid (CA), 4) aging (Ag), and 5) aging+ caffeic acid (Ag+CA). The aging model was induced through daily intraperitoneal (i.p) injections of D-galactose (300 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Caffeic acid (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected daily for 6 weeks. One day after the last injection, the mice were anesthetized, blood was withdrawn (for liver enzymes evaluation) and the liver was removed. The histopathological changes in the liver were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
Results: The results showed that D-galactose-induced aging significantly increases the level of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) as well as liver tissue destruction compared to the control and sham groups (p<0.05). Treatment with caffeic acid in the Ag+CA group significantly decreased the level of liver enzymes and tissue damage index (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicated that caffeic acid can reduce the destructive effects of D-galactose-induced aging in liver tissue.
Faranak Hasanpour, Saber Zahri, Arash Abdolmaleki, Asadolah Asadi,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Tissue engineering, by designing biological scaffolds and imitating the extracellular environment, helps the growth and proliferation of cells and plays a key role in replacing and repairing damaged tissues. In recent years, the addition of nanoparticles, such as carbon quantum dots, to biological scaffolds has received attention. In this research, the synthesis of polycaprolactone scaffolds containing carbon quantum dots and the investigation of biocompatibility effects and their protection have been discussed.
Methods: Carbon quantum dots were synthesized using the pyrolysis method, and polymer scaffolds containing carbon quantum dots were prepared by the electrospinning method. The physical and chemical properties of the scaffold were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The scaffolds' biocompatibility and antioxidant properties were measured by the MTT method.
Results: Examination of the morphology and chemical showed the appropriate porosity of the scaffold containing carbon quantum dots. The MTT assay significantly enhanced stem cell viability on scaffolds incorporating carbon quantum dots. Furthermore, these scaffolds exhibited a significant protective effect against oxidative stress.
Conclusion: This study showed that the polycaprolactone scaffold containing carbon quantum dots, with high biocompatibility and suitable antioxidant properties, provides an effective substrate for tissue engineering and cell protection under oxidative stress conditions.
Azam Shiasi, Ramesh Monajemi, Marzieh Tavalaee, Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Varicocele is one of the common causes of male infertility, associated with increased oxidative stress and damage to sperm DNA. This study aims to investigate the effects of L-cysteine, taurine, and vitamin B6 (LTB) on spermatogenesis, sperm function, and enzymes involved in the trans-sulfuration pathway in the testes of varicocele-induced rats.
Methods: Male Wistar rats (180–220 g) were randomly divided into five experimental groups: the control group (no intervention), the sham group (simple laparotomy), the varicocele group (V), the LTB-treated control group, and the LTB-treated varicocele group. Evaluations included sperm parameter assessments, testicular histology analysis, measurement of testosterone levels, vitamin B6 levels, various amino acids, and the expression of enzymes in the trans-sulfuration pathway at the protein level using the Western blot method.
Results: The study revealed a significant reduction in sperm quality parameters and sperm function (p<0.05) in the varicocele group compared to the control and sham groups. Additionally, enzymes involved in the trans-sulfuration pathway were reduced in the varicocele group compared to the sham group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Plasma B6 levels in the varicocele group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (p<0.05). Supplementation with LTB improved the negative effects of varicocele on spermatogenesis and sperm function.
Conclusion: Antioxidants may play a role in improving varicocele. Using amino acids and vitamins involved in the one-carbon cycle and the trans-sulfuration pathway can enhance the testicular antioxidant system and counteract the negative effects of varicocele. These findings highlight the need for further studies and the potential for higher doses or longer durations of antioxidant supplementation to achieve better therapeutic effects.
Narges Karimi, Shahla Farzipour, Fatemeh Mirershadi, Samira Shahbazzadegan,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Elective abortion is one of the factors affecting the decline in population growth and fertility rates and is a complex issue in the field of reproductive health. Given that elective abortion is prohibited in Iran, there are no accurate statistics on it. This study aimed to investigate the frequency, causes and methods of elective abortion and demographic characteristics of related women referring to Alavi Educational and Medical Center in Ardabil city from 2022 to 2023.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on women referred to Alavi Hospital in Ardabil for elective abortion from November 2022 to March 2023. Data were collected through referrals to women's records, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-16 and descriptive statistics.
Results: 116 women were referred to Alavi Hospital in Ardabil for elective abortion. The largest number of women (50.9%) was in the age group of 25-34 years and most of them (79.3%) lived in urban areas. The gestational age of 78.4% of them was less than 12 weeks. In terms of education, 41.4% of women had an intermediate level of education. 62.9% of women used natural contraception and 87.1% used the misoprostol method for abortion. Desire to Limit childbearing (20.7%) was the main reason for abortion. 54.3% of women had no history of previous abortion.
Conclusion: Considering that the desire to limit childbearing was the main reason for abortion, and that the most studied people had no history of abortion and had average to low income and job satisfaction, it can be concluded that cultural, economic, and social issues are involved in abortion.
Ahmad Salimi, Zhaleh Jamali, Mohammad Shabani, Deniz Bayrami, Amin Ashena Moghadam,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Ifosfamide-induced kidney damage is an important toxicity in children and adults undergoing chemotherapy. Studies have previously demonstrated that toxic metabolites of ifosfamide, such as acrolein, are associated with depletion of antioxidants, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial impairment, which may predispose the kidney to ifosfamide toxicity. Plant-derived active compounds, such as chrysin, found in fruits and vegetables, are renowned for their antioxidant and mitochondrial protective effects against toxicity-related mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress.
Methods: In this work, the protective effects of chrysin on ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats were investigated using biochemical, histopathological, and mitochondrial approaches. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: control, ifosfamide, ifosfamide + chrysin, and chrysin groups. Chrysin (25 mg/kg, i.p. daily) was administered to rats for 2 consecutive days, and ifosfamide (500 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on the third day.
Results: The data demonstrated that pretreatment with chrysin significantly increased mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity and protected against mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion (p<0.001). Histopathological results showed that chrysin had protective effects and reduced histopathological abnormalities caused by ifosfamide.
Conclusion: These observations confirmed that chrysin pretreatment protects the kidneys against mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and histopathological abnormalities induced by ifosfamide.
Saghar Jafari-Ramedani, Fereshteh Hasanpour, Alireza Mohammadnia, Farzad Khademi, Aida Alinezhad,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections. This bacterium is continuously increasing its resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, posing significant challenges for clinical treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trend of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa from 2019 to 2023 in hospitals in Ardabil city.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized 200 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from urine, respiratory, wound, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients who visited Ardabil hospitals between June 2019 and May 2023. The sensitivity and resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to antibiotics-including piperacillin, piperacillin / tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, tobramycin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, and colistin-were assessed using the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods.
Results: Over a period of 4 years, the resistance of P. aeruginosa to various antibiotics was observed as follows: piperacillin 45.5%, piperacillin/tazobactam 31%, ceftazidime 44%, cefepime 46%, aztreonam 12%, imipenem 67.5%, meropenem 52%, amikacin 43%, tobramycin 45.5%, netilmicin 39.2%, ciprofloxacin 55.5%, ofloxacin 62%, norfloxacin 53.5%, levofloxacin 55.5%, and colistin 9%. It is worth mentioning that the trend of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa to all tested antibiotics increased during the first and second years, decreased in the third year, and then experienced a significant increase again in the fourth year. Throughout this period, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa has also been on the rise.
Conclusion: The present study confirmed that the overall trend of resistance to various antibiotics among P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients in Ardabil is on the rise.
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