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Showing 885 results for Type of Study: article
Reza Najafi, Asadollah Asadi, Saber Zahri, Arash Abdolmaleki,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Tissue engineering is a growing field to repair and replace the defective function of damaged tissue or organ, and today it is proposed as a new treatment to replace conventional transplant methods. For this purpose, polymeric biomaterials (scaffolds) and living cells are used. The purpose of this study is to fabricate polycaprolactan (PCL) nanoscaffold and load silymarin on the nanoscaffold to check the biocompatibility and proliferation ability of pc12 cells on it.
Methods: In order to prepare polycaprolactan nanoscaffold and load silymarin on it, 7% polycaprolactan solution (dissolved in acetic acid) was mixed with silymarin solution with a concentration of 0.9% (weight percent), and then the scaffold was prepared using electrospinning device. The morphology of the scaffold was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the chemical structure of the scaffold was evaluated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Toxicity of the scaffold and cell survival of PC12 cells were investigated by MTT test and SEM microscope respectively.
Results: Examining the morphology of the scaffold and its chemical structure showed the appropriate porosity of the scaffold and the successful loading of silymarin on the PCL scaffold. The toxicity of the scaffold was investigated 24, 48 and 72 hours after the cultivation of PC12 cells, and the results showed an increase in cell viability and proper attachment of cells on the scaffold.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the loading of silymarin on polycaprolactan scaffold increases the proliferation and survival of PC12 cells. Therefore, this scaffold can be a suitable candidate for nerve tissue engineering.
Ghasem Torabi Palat Kaleh, Abbas Sadeghi, Ahmad Abdi,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Obesity and a high-fat diet (HFD) lead to metabolic disorders in the liver by affecting the signaling pathways of fat and glucose metabolism. Exercise and dietary habits are of special interest to prevent and counteract obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Also, Capsaicin ameliorates diet-induced obesity in rodents and humans. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise and capsaicin on the gene expression level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt) in the liver of HFD rats.
Methods: in this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (ND, n=8) or high-fat diet (HFD) (n=32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet-training (HFDT), high-fat diet-capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a moderate- intensity aerobic running program (60-50% VO2max, at 15-25 m/min, 30-60 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) was administered orally, by gavage, once a day.
Results: Induction of diabetes was associated with decreased AMPK expression (p=0.0001) and increased Akt (p=0.0001). The results showed that training and capsaicin significantly increased AMPK expression (p=0.032 and p=0.045, respectively) and decreased Akt expression (p=0.045 and p=0.049, respectively) in HFD rat hepatocytes. Also, the interaction of training and capsaicin had a significant effect on the expression of AMPK (p=0.017) and Akt (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: The results showed that HFD impaired hepatocyte function and that aerobic exercise and capsaicin increased lipogenesis with increasing AMPK and decreasing Akt expression. However, the interaction effect of training with capsaicin was greater.
Mohammad Hassanpour, Vahid Adiban, Firouz Amaani, Ahad Fatehi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Bleeding is a common complication during heart surgery, and management of heparin and protamine consumption during operation affects hemeostasis. The dosage of protamine sulfate is variable based on the amount of heparin used and studies have reported different results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of protamine sulfate administration after cardiac surgery on the drainage of the patient's blood secretions.
Methods: In this retrospective cross- sectional study, required data from 120 medical records patients, from 2011 to 2020 undergoing heart surgery, for example CABG, was extracted and examined. Patients were grouped (60 people in each group) and compared based on protamine sulfate intake and not receiving it, in the intensive care unit and body mass index, age, sex, ACT values and blood drainage rate.
Results: 76 (63.37%) patients were male and 44 (36.66%) patients were female. Most patients were in the age range of 50-70 years and most patients were overweight. Blood drainage in the protamine group was significantly lower than the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of ACT values. Blood drainage in the protamine group was significantly lower in normal BMI and overweight individuals than in the control group. The amount of blood drained in the protamine group in women and in people over 70 years was significantly lower than the control group.
Conclusion: despite previous studies, our study showed a reduction in the amount of postoperative bleeding following re-prescribing of protamine sulfate in the intensive care unit, which eliminated the effect of heparin and the coagulation disorder caused by heparin. The limitations of the present study included patients under 12 years of age, patients weighing more than 120 kg, and patients requiring hypothermia treatment less than 28 Cº.
Parisa Habibi, Hadi Yousefi, Mehdi Khazaei, Mohammad Zarei, Iraj Salehi, Reza Jamali Delfan, Simin Afshar,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Menopause and especially acute menopause due to surgery is associated with many complications in women. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genistein and regular swimming exercise (alone/or in combination) on pain through a possible mechanism of inflammation and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.
Methods: In this study, rats were divided into six groups, including: control, sham, ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomized with eight weeks of swimming exercise training (OVX.E), ovariectomized with eight weeks of genistein administration (OVX.G), and ovariectomized with eight weeks of combined treatment (OVX.G.E). The effects of genistein and/or exercise were evaluated by examining the pain intensity with tail-flick and formalin tests. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated by ELISA and spectrophotometer.
Results: In the OVX group compared to the control group, tail-flick and formalin tests showed an increase in pain response. Also, a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, TOS and a decrease in TAC was observed in the OVX group, however, in the OVX.E, OVX.G and especially OVX.E.G groups, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress as well as pain responses showed a significant decrease compared to the OVX group.
Conclusion: A combination of genistein and regular swimming exercise was synergistically more effective in reducing acute and chronic pain than using them alone in the postmenopausal period.
Yusef Hamidzadeh Arbabi, Rasoul Nemati, Hamed Rezakhani,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: One of the main effective factors in combating gastric cancer is having good health literacy in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the health literacy of gastric cancer in clients and patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Medical Center in Ardabil.
Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. The sample of this study consisted of clients and patients admitted to Imam Khomeini educational -medical center in Ardabil in the second half of 2019. The sample size was 320 people which were randomly sampled. Researcher-made tools were used after ensuring validity and reliability. The questionnaire had two parts: demographic characteristics and items of health literacy dimensions. Patients' informed consent was obtained before completing the questionnaire. Data were collected by nurses and entered into SPSS-26 software. By using descriptive and analytical statistical parameters such as frequency and frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA analyzed.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of participants was 42.98±14.35. The overall level of health literacy about stomach cancer was calculated as 31.13. The average gastric cancer health literacy in five dimensions in the clients and patients of Imam Khomeini educational-medical center in Ardabil was calculated as follows: access to health information resources was 38.02±10.6, reading health information was 13.47±4.41, understanding health information was 30.37±6.9, evaluation of health information was 16.73±4.58 and decision-making and application of health information was 58.49±10.77. Apart from reading in other dimensions of health literacy, no significant difference was found between clients and inpatients.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the mean score of health literacy of clients and patients admitted to Imam Khomeini medical center in Ardabil from gastric cancer is low and not sufficient. Considering the role of health literacy in energy storage, cost and time management of the individual's disease, it is necessary to plan and perform more efficient interventions to promote health literacy in the community, especially clients and patients admitted to Ardabil educational medical centers on gastric cancer.
Hamideh Montazery Taleghani, Nader Shakeri, Khosro Ebrahim, Rahman Soori, Mandana Gholami,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objective: Diabetes causes chronic problems in the structure and function of tissues, such as apoptosis and fibrosis in addition to glycemic disorders. In this study the effect of 8 weeks of endurance and resistance training on various signaling pathways of apoptosis and tissue fibrosis of the heart of diabetic rats was investigated.
Methods: Thirty Wistar rats, approximately 8-10 weeks old, weight about 210-250 grams, received intraperitoneal injection of diabetic streptozotocin and were randomly divided into three groups: endurance training, resistance training and control group. The rats of the endurance training group were trained on the treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days a week with intensity of vo2Max 60-80%. The resistance training group was trained on the ladder with a slope of 85 degrees and with a weight equals to 30-100% of their body weight. Forty eight hours after the last training session, blood samples were collected and ventricular tissues of mice were extracted. Glucose, insulin, serum insulin resistance index and Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 8 gene expression levels and Bax to Bcl-2 ratio were evaluated. Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin staining methods were used for histological examination of diabetic rat's heart structure to detect fibrosis.
Results: There was a significant decrease in Bax gene expression and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and also there was a significant increase in Bcl-2 and caspase 8 in the endurance and resistance training groups in comparison with the control group. The rate of cardiomyocyte fiber rupture in the endurance and resistance groups was less than the control group, and the presence of lymphocyte cells was observed in some fibers in the control group. (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that high-intensity resistance training and moderate-intensity endurance training can prevent tissue fibrosis caused by collagen deposition in diabetes, and these two types of training can reduce the factors involved in apoptosis both in the internal and external pathways. On the other hand, this training intensity can be used as an effective non-pharmacological method to reduce the problems of apoptosis and fibrosis caused by diabetes in the heart tissue.
Faezeh Abbasi, Rahmatollah Parandin, Pouya Pournaghi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: The pathophysiology of depression is very complex. Rosa canina L fruit contains various antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-depressant and anti-anxiety effects of the aqueous- alcoholic extract of the Rosa canina L fruit in the behavioral tests including forced swimming, tail suspension, maze, and sucrose preference tests, as well as biochemical tests such as antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels. Rosa canina L with high amounts of vitamin C, has anti-depressant and anxiety effects.
Methods: In this experimental study, 60 Syrian male mice were divided into 5 groups of 12, including the control group, the bisphenol A group, and three groups treated with oral bisphenol A at a dose of 125 mg/kg per day and the aqueous- alcoholic extract of the Rosa canina L fruit at doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day was administered from day 50 to 120 after birth. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and the One Way ANOVA test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: The findings showed that bisphenol A significantly increased the duration of immobility in the forced swimming and tail suspension test. The extract at the level of 400 mg/kg decreased the duration of immobility in both tests. Bisphenol A significantly reduced the antioxidant capacity of serum and brain. The extract at the level of 400 mg/kg significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of both the brain and serum.
Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that the fruit of the Rosa canina L has antioxidant effects, and with a significant decrease in antioxidant capacity and immobility in Syrian mice treated with the extract, therefore it has anti-depressant and anxiety effects.
Adele Naseri, Mohammad Shariatzadeh Joneydi, Arefe Naseri,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Brain trauma is one of the most common causes of damage to the central nervous system which can lead to death and long-term disability. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of 8 weeks of swimming exercise on the level of memory and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice with brain trauma.
Methods: 40 male NMRI mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, swimming, trauma, swimming + trauma). After completing the exercise protocol, induction of trauma was performed by the weight -drop method. Ten days after trauma induction, the mice were evaluated for spatial memory with Y-maze test. The IL- 10 level was measured using ELISA technique. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of p<0.05 and using SPSS software version 26.
Results: The study results indicated that eight weeks of swimming exercise significantly increase memory in mice with brain trauma (p=0.001). Furthermore, eight weeks of swimming exercise significantly increase the level of IL-10 in the hippocampus of mice with brain trauma (p=0.001). However, this increase was not significant in the prefrontal cortex (p=0.126).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that swimming exercise before induction of brain trauma reduces inflammation and memory disorders and facilitates recovery after injury. Previous exercise training can probably reduce inflammation by increasing the amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-10, and limit secondary damage with its protective effect.
Behrouz Shademan, Masoud Nikanfar, Jafar Rezaei, Mehdi Hassanpour, Mohammad Nouri, Alireza Nourazarian,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for immune cell differentiation and function. In addition, miRNAs play an essential role in regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in neurons. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between miRNA expression and inflammatory markers in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis.
Methods: RT-PCR analysis was performed on CSF samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and a control group to measure the expression level of miRNA-21, miRNA-155, miRNA-182, and miRNA-437. In addition, the levels of the inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in CSF were measured using ELISA. A quantitative turbidimetric method was also used to measure high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).
Results: A significant difference was found in the expression level of miRNAs and inflammatory factors in the CSF of patients with MS compared with the control group (p<0.05). The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the area under the curve for miRNA-21 (AUC=0.97, p<0.0001), miRNA-182 (AUC=0.97, p<0.0001), and miRNA-155 (AUC=0.96, p<0.0001). The miRNA-155 level in CSF played a very important role in the accurate diagnosis of MS. Significant correlations were found between inflammatory cytokines and miRNA-21, miRNA-155, and miRNA-182, as well as an indirect and moderate correlation between miRNA-437 and hs-CRP.
Conclusion: In MS patients, CSF levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and selected miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of CNS inflammation and neurodegenerative processes.
Sajjad Kermani, Asieh Abbassi Daloii, Ahmad Abdi, Ayoub Saeidi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Recent evidence suggests that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in regulating of adipose tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three resistance training methods on bone morphogenetic protein 2 and lipid profile in obese men.
Methods: In a semi-experimental trial, 44 obese men (23-32 years) were selected and randomly divided into four groups, including control, interval resistance training, traditional resistance training and circuit resistance training. Interval, traditional and circuit resistance training performed with an intensity of 50% of maximum repetition and active rest, 3-time sessions per week for 12 weeks. Serum BMP-2 levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that interval, traditional and circuit resistance training were associated with a significant decrease in bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), LDL, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in interval, traditional and circuit resistance training groups, and also a significant increase in HDL concentration in interval and circuit resistance training groups in comparison with the pretest (p<0.001). BMP-2 levels were significantly lower in the interval resistance training group than in the traditional resistance training group (p<0.001). The HDL and LDL, cholesterol and triglycerides levels in obese men in the interval and circuit resistance training groups were significantly higher and lower than in the interval resistance training group, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion: 12 weeks of the interval, circuit and traditional resistance training were associated with decreased BMP-2 and improved lipid profile in obese men, and interval resistance training may be more effective on BMP-2 and lipid profile in obese men.
Zahra Alizadeh, Hafez Mirzanejad Asl, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalebin, Zahra Heidari,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Fishes are one of the most important sources of zoonotic parasites throughout the world. This study aimed to determine helminthic parasites of Fish caught in the Aras River.
Methods: During 2020-2021, a number of 100 fishes including 20 Cyprinus carpio, 10 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, 5 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, 12 Silurus glanis, 5 Aspius aspius, 15 Ratilus rutilus, 3 Sander lucioperca, 22 Luciobarbus capito, and 8 Abramis brama were caught. All parts of the fish body (scales, gills, eyes, muscles, gastrointestinal tract) were examined for Helminthes parasites. After clearing and temporarily staining with Lactophenol-Azokarmin, morphological characters of worms were analyzed using a calibrated microscope equipped with a camera.
Results: After examining and evaluating the samples, 18 (18%) of the fish were infected with at least with one helminthic parasite. The species and percent of infection were as follows: Ligula intestinalis plerocercoid: Cyprinus carpio 40%, Ratilus rutilus 13.33%, Abramis brama 12.5% in the abdominal cavity. Bothriocephalus sp.: Cyprinus carpio 5% in the intestine. Diplozoon sp.: Cyprinus carpio 5% and Ratilus rutilus each 6.7% in gills. Dactylogyrus sp.: Cyprinus carpio 10%, Abramis brama 12.5% in gills. Clinostomum sp. metacercariae: Cyprinus carpio 5% infected with metacercaria in gills and abdominal cavity.
Conclusion: Among the investigated types of fish, the highest level of infection with helminthic parasites was found in common carp. Also, among the helminthic parasites found, the highest frequency is related to Ligula intestinalis, followed by Dactylogyrus
Elahe Faramarzi, Parvaneh Nazarali,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Adipolin is one of the anti-inflammatory adipocytokines that is mainly synthesized and secreted in adipose tissue. This study aimed to compare the two types of Pilates and CX exercises on adipolin level and insulin resistance in overweight women.
Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 30 overweight female subjects (age range 20-40, BMI, 25-30 kg/m2) were divided into three groups of Pilates (10 people), CX (10 people) and control (10 people) .The Pilates group trained with an intensity of 50-80% of the maximum heart rate (8 weeks, three sessions per week, for 60 minutes) and the CX group with an intensity of 50-80% of 1RM (8 weeks, three sessions per week, for 30 minutes). The control group did not do any sports activities. Before and after the intervention, measurements of the subjects' height, weight and body mass index and heart rate were taken using a polar wristwatch, and blood samples were taken from the subjects to check the biochemical factors of adipolin, insulin and glucose. In order to determine the difference between the groups, a mixed statistical test was used. ANOVA and paired statistical tests were used to determine the simple effects of variables.
Results: The results of the present study showed that the implementation of 8 weeks of Pilates and CX exercises increases plasma adipolin level, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the two sports activities of Pilates and CX with the control group (p<0.05); However, there was no significant difference in any of the factors between the Pilates and CX groups. Weight indices, fat percentage, BMI, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance of Pilates and CX groups have significantly decreased compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, it was shown that Pilates and CX exercises cause a significant increase in the serum level of adipolin and a significant decrease in body mass index, fat percentage, weight and insulin resistance compared to the control group (p<0.05), but there was no significant change in these factors between the two groups of Pilates and CX.
Mansooreh Shamsi Soshab, Alireza Elmieh, Ramin Shabani,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder associated with the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Physical exercise can control the risk of neuronal damage. The compounds of olive oil have a modulating effect on the activity of the brain cholinergic system. The present study aimed to investigate 8 weeks of combined aerobic resistance training with olive oil consumption on the balance and some apoptotic genes of the substantia nigra of the brain in Parkinsonian rats.
Methods: Forty- eight male rats were divided into 8 groups (n=6). 6-Hydroxydopamine was used to induce Parkinson's disease. Olive oil (0.4ml/daily) was fed for 8 weeks to the target group. Thirty minutes aerobic exercise was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 11 meters per minute with an intensity of 60 to 65% of VO2max. Resistance exercise started by climbing a ladder with weights to the rat's tail with 30% of body weight, which reached 100% of body weight at the end of the eighth week. To check the balance of the mice, a balance bar was used; the expression level of genes was measured using Real time-PCR method. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Thomhan's post hoc test at a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: A significant increase in PINK-1and AKT gene expression levels and a decrease in caspase-3 and p53 gene expression levels were observed in the exercising group, exercising with and without consuming olive oil and corn oil compared to the Parkinson's group (p=0.001). However, there was no significant difference between these three groups (p>0.05). Balance improvement was observed in rats with exercise and olive oil consumption compared to the parkinsonian group (p=0.001).
Conclusion: 8 weeks of combined resistance-aerobic training causes a significant increase in the expression level of AKT and PINK1 genes and a decrease in the expression level of caspase-3 and P53 genes in Parkinsonian rats. Also, this type of exercise, along with the consumption of olive oil improves balance in Parkinsonian rats.
Anis Mohammadi, Allahyar Arabmomeni,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background & Objective: One of the social problems in many countries is the consumption of sports nutrition supplements, which causes many problems for athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of steroid supplementation on the psychological injuries profile in female bodybuilders.
Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, 150 adult female bodybuilders (mean age 29.15 years, SD=6.82) were selected using the Cochran formula and stratified random sampling as a statistical sample. To collect data, demographic information, the Athletes 'supplement intake Scale, and Mmpi-2 mental health questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, Multivariate regression, and Structural Equation Modeling.
Results: The results showed that the female bodybuilder's psychological injuries profile was a significant relationship with steroid supplements (p=0.002). Also, the regression results showed that 1.6% for the Hs scale; 5.3% for the D scale, 17.7% for the Hy scale; 36.6% for the Pd scale; 31% for the Pa scale; 35.7% for the Pt scale; 38.8% for the Sc scale; 18.3% for the Ma scale is determined by the use of steroid supplements.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that a steroid supplement has an important role on the psychological injuries profile of female bodybuilders. Therefore, it is recommended that coaches and athletes to be cautious in taking steroid supplements.
Neda Mohammadpour, Nasrin Foladi, Mina Asadi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: To deal with the more and sudden prevalence of covid-19, dentists should be aware of recent developments, especially the guidelines for the prevention of covid-19. This study aimed to assess of compliance with guidelines about the prevention of covid-19 in the dental setting in Ardabil city in 2022.
Methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was conducted in the period from May to August 2022. In this study, 254 general and specialist dentists were examined using full-census sampling. The tool for collecting information was a researcher-made questionnaire that was valid and reliable based on the country's guidelines, which included 6 demographic and 41 questions related to compliance with the instructions related to the prevention of covid-19. After collecting the data, they were classified and analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact test. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis. The acceptable error level was considered 0.05.
Results: The survey results showed that the rate of compliance with guidelines about the prevention of covid-19 in the index of patient management before treatment was estimated at 45%, in the index of required equipment and personal protection requirements were 72.42%, and in the index of required therapeutic action during the pandemic was 42.81%. There was a significant difference in compliance with the guidelines related to the prevention of covid-19 based on education and work history (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in compliance with the guidelines related to the prevention of covid-19 based on gender, age, marital status, and history of corona infection.
Conclusion: The level of compliance with the guidelines related to the prevention of covid-19 in the dental centers of Ardabil city was at an average level and was influenced by factors such as the dentist's education and work history.
Mohammad Rasoul Mirzaei, - Shahram Gholamrezaei, Ramin Shabani,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: The increase of Bnip3 and Parkin plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function and inhibiting ROS. A correlation was observed between the mitochondrial respiratory capacity and the subjects' mRNA levels of Bnip3 and Parkin proteins as a result of exercise, which shows the significant role of mitochondrial dynamics on the improvement of respiratory capacity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training and curcumin supplementation on Bnip3 and parkin mitochondrial gene expression levels in cardiomyocytes of male heart attack model rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were subjected to myocardial infarction using intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (100 mg/kg for two consecutive days) and, after confirmation of infarction (troponin measurement), randomly divided into four groups; Control, high-intensity interval training, curcumin (pure curcumin 15mg and dimethyl sulfoxide with a concentration of 10% per kg of body weight five days a week by gavage) and combination group (supplement+exercise).The exercise and combination groups were subjected to high-intensity interval training (10 bouts of four-minute activity with an intensity of 85-90% VO2max) for eight weeks. Bnip3 and Parkin gene expression levels were obtained using the Real-time PCR method. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way analysis of variance.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of the groups in Bnip3 and parkin gene expression levels. The results of Tukey's test showed that the expression level of Bnip3 and Parkin genes was higher in the intense interval training and exercise-supplement groups than in the control and supplement groups. There was no significant difference between the supplement and control groups; in fact the use of curcumin without training did not affect Bnip3 and PARKIN gene expression levels compared to the control group.
Conclusion: This study shows that intermittent exercise and curcumin consumption have a protective effect on mitochondrial quality during infarction.
Khadijeh Khanaliha, Farah Bokharaei-Salim, Mohsen Sadeghi, Borna Salemi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite with global distribution. Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection with high sensitivity and specificity is very important in managing and treating this disease. The purpose of this study is serological and molecular investigation of toxoplasmosis using B1 gene in HIV- positive patients referred to hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: In this study, 660 blood samples were collected from HIV/AIDS- positive patients referred to hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences. Patient samples were examined for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii using an ELISA kit. Genomic DNA was extracted from the patient's serum, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and whole blood samples, and then Real time-PCR was performed.
Results: Although IgG antibody against Toxoplasma gondii was positive in 158 (23.9%) patients out of 660 HIV- positive patients, IgM antibody was positive in 5 (0.76%) patients. The results of Real-Time PCR showed that 7 (1.06%) patients were positive in PBMC samples, of which five patients were positive for IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii while two patients had high- level Toxoplasma IgG antibody titers.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the Real-time PCR method using PBMC DNA samples is a suitable method for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. This method, together with the antibody test, especially the high titer of Toxoplasma IgG antibodies, can be helpful in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
Parisa Ghahremani, Hemen Moradi Sardareh, Hashem Yaghoubi, Neda Farazi, Asadullah Asady,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is one of the most ancient and well-known medicinal plants, and its useful role has been well - established in treating of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Fenugreek on spermatogenesis, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in male diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200±20 gram were used. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of six. group1: control group, Group2: diabetic, Group3: diabetic+Fenugreek (8gram /kg diet), group4: diabetic+Fenugreek (2gram /kg diet). This treatment continued for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and sperm profiles were determined.
Results: Blood glucose in diabetic rats which received Fenugreek significantly reduced compared with diabetic animals. Fenugreek also reduced body weight and MDA level of semen (p<0.05).On the other hand, Fenugreek increased the total antioxidant capacity of semen (p<0.05) and normalized sperm profiles (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the present results, it can be concluded that consumption of Fenugreek extract probably reduced MDA level, body weight, and normalized sperm profile thus, Fenugreek extract can be used to treat sexual dysfunction in males.
Marefat Siahkohian, Leila Fasihi, Bahman Ebrahimi Torkamani,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important medical disorder and one of the most common heart diseases worldwide, which causes disability and economic burden. The medical and research community is increasingly interested in computer-aided coronary heart disease diagnosis through the use of machine learning methods. This study aimed to diagnose coronary heart disease using a discriminant analysis algorithm in active elderly men.
Methods: This analytical study was conducted on 351 patients of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Tehran. This work used discriminant analysis algorithm to diagnose coronary artery disease. Python software was used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that by using 14 characteristics as risk factors related to the subjects' laboratory, personal and lifestyle information. The discriminant analysis algorithm could distinguish healthy and sick people with 94.4% accuracy and 88.9% precision.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that this system can probably be used as an effective and intelligent method along with other diagnostic methods by cardiologists to predict coronary artery disease. Also, new data mining methods can be effective in reducing invasive risks.
Sadaf Khaki, Nastaran Hadizadeh, Leila Rezaie Shirmard ,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Due to the existence of various issues and limitations associated with traditional buccal drug delivery systems such as the disability to consume food whilst using topical drugs in the mouth cavity, unpredictable drug release profile, undesirable taste, low patient adherence to therapy, and accelerated drug removal with saliva, these conventional methods are now rapidly becoming replaced with oral thin films as more precise and novel oral drug delivery platforms. The current study aims to discuss the design and characterization of betamethasone-loaded oral thin films with the aim of improved drug delivery in mouth cavity diseases.
Methods: In this study, oral thin films with and without betamethasone were fabricated through the solvent casting method as a common, fast, and affordable technique prior to being evaluated for different physiochemical characteristics including weight, width, surface pH, disintegration period in vitro conditions, and swelling rates as well as drug release profiles at different intervals.
Results: Obtained oral films were demonstrated to possess adequate homogeneity, flexibility, and mechanical resistance. Accordingly, the average surface pH for films without and with betamethasone was equal to 6.75 and 6.66, respectively, which are in notable compatibility with the neutral pH of the oral cavity. Betamethasone-loaded films’ disintegration duration appeared to be superior to that of films without betamethasone and was in close correlation with their higher swelling rates. Further experiments revealed 25-30% drug release in the initial 20 minutes, followed by more than 90% betamethasone release in 360 minutes in a sustained manner.
Conclusion: These results are indicative of betamethasone oral films’ satisfactory physiochemical properties and potential applicability as a sufficient oral drug delivery platform in mouth cavity diseases such as oral lichen planus or recurrent mouth sores. By sticking to the mouth mucosa, these films can significantly reduce drug removal with saliva and thus ameliorate sufficient delivery of therapeutic agents to specific mouth lesions. Moreover, they can alleviate some of the issues and limitations of traditional topical oral drug delivery and improve treatment or control of disease symptoms.
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