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Showing 26 results for Pain
Mahnaz Azary , Elham Nasiri , Simin Molod , Mitra Manavi , Roghaiyeh Azezzadh , Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Delivery is a process with pain so one of the midwives duties is to decrease the severity of pain during delivery so decrease in labor period has been much of a concern. Atropine and Hyosine are two common drugs in decreasing time of labor and decreasing the need for labor stimulation with oxytosine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hyoscine and atropine in the progress and time of labor. Methods:This study was double blind clinical trial on 200 primiparous women who had labor pain and were admitted in labor in Alavi hospital in 2008. Who were randomly divided into two groups .the case group infused 20 mg Hyoscine with Atropine in the onset of active phase of labor (4cm dilation, Ruptured membrane) and in the control group 2cc, Dextrose water was infused 0.05. Then, progression in dilatation and effacement, time of active labor, time of 2nd and 3rd stage of labor, fetal heart rate monitoring, infant APGAR score of the 1st and 5th minute were registered. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics as chi- square. Results: The findings indicated that there was a significant difference in dilatation & effacement between two groups (5/2cm/h, 1/5cm/h) (p<0.05). Duration of active phase of labor was 105 min in case group and 251 min in control group (p<0.05), duration of stage 2 was 17 min in case group and 33 min in the control group (p<0.05). Total time of labor and deliver (121 min in case group, 274 min in control group).incidence of Tachycardia and bradycardia in FHR in 30 min after infusion 25%(15% Tachycardia and 10% bradycardia in case group) 20% (12% Tachycardia and 8% bradycardia in control group) and no difference in two group was seen. Conclusion:According to the finding s of this study Hyoscine and Atropine are effective in the progression of labor and delivery.
Marina Jastan Marani , Farhad Pourfarzi, Yashar Moharamzad, Volume 9, Issue 2 (6-2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of two-drug regimen of glucosamine and chloroquine with one-drug regimen of glucosamine in treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 30 patients received glucosamine and chloroquine (trial group) and 25 cases underwent treatment by only glucosamine (control group) for 12 weeks. To evaluate pain and disability, WOMAC ( Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) was used. Results: Mean value of WOMAC index in the trial group was 3.51 at the beginning, 1.96 in week 6, and 1.84 in week 12. In the control group, this value was 3.15 at the beginning, 2.36 in week 6, and 2.35 in week 12. In week 12, mean value of WOMAC index was significantly lower in the trial group compared to the control group (P = 0.02). In females aged less than 65 years and with body mass index of equal or less than 30, a significant difference regarding mean value of WOMAC index was seen in week 12 between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Two-drug regimen of glucosamine and chloroquine in a 12-week period had a better clinical efficacy than one-drug regimen of glucosamine in lowering the pain and improving joint function of patients with knee osteoarthritis, especially in females with body mass index less than 30 and younger than 65 years of age.
Marina Jastan Marani, Farhad Pourfarzi , Reza Abdoli , Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of two-drug regimen of glucosamine and prednisolone with one-drug regimen of glucosamine in treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 30 patients received glucosamine and prednisolone (case group) and 25 cases underwent treatment by only glucosamine (control group) for 12 weeks. For considering pain and disability, WOMAC ( Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) was used. Results: Mean value of WOMAC index in the case group was 2.81 at the beginning, 1.53 in week 6, and 1.49 in week 12. In the control group, this value was 3.15 at the beginning, 2.39 in week 6, and 2.35 in week 12. In week 6 and 12, mean value of WOMAC index was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In patients younger than 65 years old, females, and body mass index of equal or less than 30 a significant difference was seen in both week 6 and 12 between the case and control groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Two-drug regimen of glucosamine and prednisolone in a 12-week period had a better clinical efficacy than one-drug regimen of glucosamine in lowering the pain and improving joint function of patients with knee osteoarthritis, especially females with body mass index less than 30 and younger than 65 years of age.
Maryam Ehsani, Khadijeh Hatamipour, Maryam Sedaghati , Atefeh Ghanbari, Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Pain is one of the most common problems for which human have always been looking for efficient treatment. Several different factors may cause pain, but one of the most widespread reason is the application of some treatments and nursing measures such as intramuscular injection. The present study was designed to compare between the intensity of pain due to intramuscular injection by two different methods: Z- track and Air lock method. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 volunteer female nursing students were included. The subject was injected with one milliliter of sterilized water two times within 24 hours: the first injection by Z method and the second one by the Air lock method. The intensity of pain was measured two times by a scale graded from zero to ten. The results were compared by using descriptive statistics and independent t-test by SPSS 12 software. Results: Our findings showed that the mean of pain intensity in Z method was 1.80 ± 1.90, and raised to 3.13 ± 2.33 in Air lock method. Moreover, the intensity of pain in these two different methods had significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicated that the pain caused by Z method is less than the pain felt through Air lock method. With respecting to these results the Z method is proposed as preferred method for intramuscular injections.
Hamid Sheikhkanloui Milan, Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: It's been considered that midbrain region namely rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is the coring point of modulation of pain. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter has been documented to act as antinociceptive along with RVM. However, there are evidences demonstrating that RVM get a few connections from the cuneiformsnucleus (CnF) which might indicate CnF does have the same mechanism as PAG. Thus in this study, we tried to explore the antinociception effects of CnF and GABAA circuits. Methods: Rats were anesthetized with Thiopental drug. Using the stereotaxic apparatus and Paxinos atlas, the point representing for CnF location over the scalp has been designated. One week after the surgery, rats were fully prepared for tests. Animals were put in three groups. First for control group, 0.5 µl of normal saline was injected into the CnF. Later, a few nanograms of bicucculline (as a GABAA antagonist) were administered into the CnF, dose dependently. Results: From the results, it has been shown that CnF has a role in antinociception effect since the injection of bicucculline increased tail flick latency (TFL) and even further increased TFL when administered dose dependently (with high doses). Conclusion: According to results of current study, CnF has a significant role in pain modulation and circuits of GABAergic system also plays a key role on its antinociception effect.
Ghodrat Akhavanakbari, Masoud Entezariasl, Khatereh Isazadehfar, Tiba Mirzarahimi, Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Uncontrolled postoperative pain can cause many adverse effects such as tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, decreased alveolar ventilation and poor wound healing. In this study we evaluated the preoperative administration of pregabalin in relieving postoperative pain after lower limb orthopedic surgery and reducing the need for opioids and their possible side effects. Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. It was performed on 60 patients under lower limb surgery in Fatemi Hospital. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups, one group has received a 150 mg pregabalin capsule 2 hours before surgery and the other group has received placebo as a control. In both groups at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery, the patients were evaluated and the pain score by a visual analogue scale (VAS), the score of sedation by Ramsay sedation scale and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were recorded in the checklists. Then, the data were analyzed by SPSS v16. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study 51.7% of patients were male and 48.3% were female. The age averages of these patients in both group were similar (p=0.578). Visual analog pain scores at 2 h after surgery reduced in pregabalin group (p<0.0001). Similar reduction was observed in other studied hours (p<0.0001) too. In the pregabalin group nausea and vomiting scores at all hours, sedation levels at 2 h and 6 h postoperation, and pethidine consumption in all hours have significantly been reduced (p<0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative administration of pregabalin is an effective method for reducing postoperative pain for patients, and with reduction in pethidine consumption, it can decrease problems of opioid usage.
Shahrbanoo Keihanian , Zahra Fotokian , Maryam Zakerihamidi, Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Bone metastases induce harmful potential complications on the life of patients. Pamidronate reduces skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases. This study evaluated the effect of Pamidronate on bone pain in cancer patients with bone metastasis. Methods: This was quasi experimental study carried out at Imam Sajjad hospital in Ramsar on 41 patients with malignancy by convenience sampling. In this study 90 mg of Pamidronate was injected intravenously each month for 3 months. Data collection was done through demographic and clinical data questionnaire and visual analog scale . Data of before and after intervention were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t tests, chi-square, Friedman and Wilcox on tests with SPSS version 11.5 and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the most age group (36%) was 50-59 years and the most patients (65.9%) were female. The most common type of cancer was breast (43.9%) and the most common bone metastasis point in the most of patients (65.9%) was diffuse. The most common sites of pain associated with bone were sternum, ischium and T3-T4 vertebrae. Before treatment, the most patients (80.5%) complained of moderate pain whereas after treatment, the majority of them (41.5%) complained of low pain. The results of this study indicated that there was significant difference (p=0.032) between consumption of NSAIDs before and after treatment, but there was no significant difference between consumption of o pium before and after treatment (p=0.096). Conclusion: Pamidronate is effective in prevention of losing bone, reduced pain and analgesic consumption . So i t can be used as primary and routine treatment .
Mohammad Sofiabadi , Hashem Haghdost Yazdy , Volume 14, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Pain is one of the preceding claims of Parkinson's disease (PD), that its mechanisms have not been fully identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical pain responses induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin in male parkinsonized rats. Method : In this experimental study, 40 Wistar male rats were used and PD was established by stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA toxin into the striatum. Parkinson's disease severity determined by apomorphine-induced rotation test and then the pain response of 4 groups, the control, sham and 2 weak or full Parkinson groups, were evaluated using formalin test. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test. Results : In both acute and chronic phases of the formalin test, the symptoms of pain in different groups were same, but at the interphase stage, pain intensity increased more in Parkinson 's rats, especially in full PD group compared to control (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway have important modulating role on chronic pain.
Rafat Kazemzadeh , Fahimeh Sehhatie-Shafaie, Firouz Amani, Reza Heshmat , Volume 14, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Delivery is one of the most important events in a woman's life, and pain is an inevitable part of childbirth. The non-controlled pain leads to prolonged labor and multiple injuries to mother and fetus. This research was done to determine the effect of acupressure at the SP6 and LI4 points on the duration and pain of the labor in nulliparous women. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 84 nulliparous women who were attended hospital in Ardabil. The participants were divided into two intervention and control groups using randomized blocking. Pressure has been done on SP6- LI4 points in intervention group. Pain intensity was measured before and after the intervention using visual analog scales and length of active phase and second stage were recorded through vaginal exam in the checklist. Determination of the effect of pressure on the intensity of labor pain and delivery length performed using paired t-test, Student’s t-test and chi-square by SPSS v.16. Results: After the intervention the mean level of pain intensity in the intervention group was decreased. Also, there was a significant decrease in mean intensity of pain after each intervention in the intervention group with different dilations (4, 6, 8, and 10 cm) (p<0.001).The mean duration of active phase and second stage in intervention group was significantly less than the control group . (p<0.001, p=0.008). Conclusion: Since acupressure at the SP6- LI4 point in different dilatations leads to the reduction in labor pain intensity and delivery duration, therefore, this method can be used to reduce the pain and duration of labor.
Mojghan Mirghafourvand , Fahimeh Sehhatieshafaie , Jaleh Vosoughi-Niri , Volume 14, Issue 4 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Childbirth is the most stressful event for the women both mentally and physically affecting their physiological and psychological indicators during labour. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of non-pharmacological methods of labor pain relief in mothers’ perceived stress conducted in Alavi hospital of Ardabil, 2013. Methods: In this double blind randomized controlled trial, 320 mothers were allocated into two groups by stratified block randomization . The intervention group (n=158) received continuous support throughout the labour process, positioning and movement, music, aromatherapy, showering andconsumption of a light diet or water.The control group received only a routine care. The perceived stress scale (PSS) was employed to collect data in three stages at the beginning of the active phase, before the intervention, six hours after birth and then eight weeks postpartum. The two groupswere compared using General Linear Model with controlling the baseline scores. Results: There were 14 participants loss to follow-up. The mean of perceived stress score in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group at 6 hours [adjusted mean difference: -1.0 (95% confidence interval: -0.01 to -1.9]. However, there was no difference between two groups in terms of perceived stress score at 8 weeks postpartum (p=0.692). Conclusion: Non-pharmacological methods of labor pain relief are an effective intervention for reducing perceived stress level in mothers during labor and therefore use of this intervention is recommended.
A Gomar, A Hosseini , N Mirazi, M Gomar, Volume 15, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Hyoscine (scopolamine) as an anticholinergic and antinociceptive drug, has some side effects. Recently, it has been received much attention to the interactions between synthetic drugs and herbal extracts and their pharmacological responses which made the possibility of using the minimum dose and low side effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Salvia officinale extract, hyoscine and their combinationin management of pain in rats.
Methods: In this experimental study animals were divided randomly into eight groups (n=6). Hyoscine (0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg) administrated by intraperitoneal injection and extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was administered by gavages one hour before administration of hyoscine. Thirty minutes after treatment, rats were subjected to tail-flick test and data were recorded. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05.
Results: Administration of hyoscine at doses of 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg created significant analgesic effects compared to control group in the Tail-flick test (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). The combination of S.officinale extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and hyoscine (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the pain threshold than the groups receiving only extract or hyoscine.
Conclusion: Our data showed that hydroethanolic extract of Salvia officinale has an important antinociceptive effect which can lead to decreased pain in rats. Sincehyoscine as an analgesic drug has some side effects, combination of Salvia officinale extractand hyoscine can decrease the needed dose of hyoscine and itsside effects.
Maryam Fallah, Sajjad Basharpoor, Aboulfazl Bagheri , Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: One of the difficulties of community of dentists, especially dentists dealing with children, is the pain and fear of dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of systematic desensitization and distraction on reducing fear and pain in children with dental problems.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study designed with pretest-posttest multi groups according to control group. For this purpose, 45 children with dental problems referred to the dental clinic of Ardabil was selected and divided into three groups of 15 people: systematic desensitization (n=15), distraction (n=15) and control group (n=15). All of three groups answered to dental fears survey and numeric scale of pain as pre-test. Then, the therapeutic method of systematic desensitization and distraction was performed on two experimental groups. After completion of the treatments, three groups answered to dental fear survey and numeric scale of pain. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for the analysis of the data.
Results: The results showed a significant difference in the score of post-test between three groups in pain (F=197.27; p<0.001) anddental fear (F=178.36; p<0.001). LSD post hoc test results showed that systematic desensitization method was more effective in reduction of pain and the distraction method was more affective in reduction of dental fear.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that psychological interventions of distracting and systematic desensitization can be used to reduce fear and pain at pediatric clinics.
Nasim Karimi, Sara Ramazanjamaat, Nafiseh Saeidzadeh, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Parisa Parsa , Volume 16, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: In many medical studies, the response variable is measured repeatedly over time to evaluate the treatment effect that is known as longitudinal study. The analysis method for this type of data is repeated measures ANOVA that uses only one correlation structure and the results are not valid with inappropriate correlation structure. To avoid this problem, a convenient alternative is mixed models. So, the aim of this study was to compare of mixed and repeated measurement models for examination of the Entonox effect on the labor pain.
Methods: This experimental study was designed to compare the effect of Entonox and oxygen inhalation on pain relief between two groups. Data were analyzed using repeated measurement and mixed models with different correlation structures. Selection and comparison of proper correlation structures performed using Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion and restricted log-likelihood. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22.
Results: Results of our study showed that all variables containing analgesia methods, labor duration of the first and second stages, and time were significant in these tests. In mixed model, heterogeneous first-order autoregressive, first-order autoregressive, heterogeneous Toeplitz and unstructured correlation structures were recognized as the best structures. Also, all variables were significant in these structures. Unstructured variance covariance matrix was recognized as the worst structure and labor duration of the first and second stages was not significant in this structure.
Conclusions: This study showed that the Entonox inhalation has a significant effect on pain relief in primiparous and it is confirmed by all of the models.
Saeideh Shakeri Hosseinabad, Gholamreza Shabanian, Sheida Shabanian , Mahmoud Rafiean , Souleiman Kheiri, Zahra Lorigooini, Koubra Masoodi, Volume 17, Issue 3 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Pain is one of the most common post-operative complications of cesarean section, which is very important for mother in nursing a baby and breastfeeding. Finding ways to overcome this pain has always been a concern for researchers. Considering the application of plants in traditional medicine as sedatives, this study evaluated the effect of Dill seed oil on post-operative pain in patients with spinal anesthesia.
Methods: This double-blind, clinical trial was conducted on pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and referred to Hajar hospital in Shahrekord, Iran during 2015-2016. By simple random sampling, the patients were divided into two groups. In the first group, 10 cc Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seed oil was prescribed at intervals of half an hour and one hour before spinal anesthesia and half an hour , one hour and two hours after spinal anesthesia. In the second group, placebos (standard treatment) were prescribed at the same intervals. Pain and vital signs, including blood pressure, nausea , vomiting, heart rate, bleeding , use of narcotics and NSAID and any additional medications (such as atropine and ephedrine) were recorded and rechecked during surgery , thirty minutes after spinal anesthesia and one hour, four hours and twelve hours after cesarean section.
Results: The findings showed a significant difference between the two groups in the third stage of the study (4 hours after cesarean section) only in respiratory rate and in the fourth stage of the study (12 hours after cesarean section) in all vital signs (p<0.05). Also, the pain and nausea rate in the third and fourth stages of the study in the case group (Dill seed oil) were lower than those of the control group, indicating a significant difference in the pain level (p<0.05). The bleeding rate and use of NSAIDs and opioids twelve hours after caesarian section in the case group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: considering the effect of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seed oil on reducing pain, bleeding rate and use of narcotics and NSIADs, it can be used in women undergoing cesarean section.
Rahmatollah Parandin, Leili Mohammadi, Volume 19, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background & objectives: In recent years, regarding the side effects of chemical drugs, the use of medicinal plants has increased due to their low side effects, low costs and effective compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-pyretic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa canina L. fruit in male mice.
Methods: In this experimental study, 120 male BALB/c mice weighing 23-30 g were used. In each test, the mice were divided into 5 groups (in each group, n=6), including control group, positive control and three experimental groups treated intraperitoneally with hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa canina L. fruit at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities were measured using xylene-induced ear edema and brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. In addition, the antinociceptive activity was measured using the abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid and formalin tests. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and One Way ANOVA test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: 200 (p<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) doses of extract reduced significantly inflammation. Doses of 100 (p<0.05), 200 (p<0.01) and 400 (p<0.001 significantly reduced pain in the abdominal constriction test and dose of 400 mg/kg (p<0.05) decreased the chronic pain in formalin test. Extract treatment did not reduce fever in any of the existing doses.
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that Rosa canina L. fruit has anti-inflammatory and visceral analgesic activity, which may be due to its antioxidant potential.
Amirahmad Arabzadeh, Ghodrat Akhavan Akbari, Iraj Feizi, Afshan Sharghi, Mahboubeh Taghipour Moazen, Bita Shahbazzadegan, Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2021)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Using medications that decrease postoperative pain and opioid consumption is a widely recommended approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous Ibuprofen and its complication in controlling pain after abdominal surgery.
Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, interventional clinical trial. Sixty patients aged 20 to 60 years were candidates for abdominal surgery (inguinal hernioplasty and appendectomy). Patients were divided into two equal size groups (n=30) using a random block design method. The First group received (400 mg IV) ibuprofen every 6 hours for 24 hours as well as (15 microgram/ml bolus) fentanyl pump with PCA. Second group only received (15 microgram/ml blous) fentanyl pump with PCA.
Results: Demographic characteristics and duration of surgery, ASA class, type of anesthesia and type of surgery were similar in the two groups. Pain severity in 24 postoperative hours was significantly lower in the ibuprofen group compared with the control group. Nausea and vomiting frequency in 24 postoperative hours was significantly lower in the ibuprofen group compared with the control group. Patients belonging to ibuprofen group were significantly more satisfied with their analgesic method.
Conclusion: Results showed that using 400 mg intravenous ibuprofen every 6 hours mitigates postoperative pain, reduces fentanyl consumption and is highly tolerated by patients.
Hamid Reza Shetabi, Dariush Moradi Farsani, Mohammad Razani, Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2021)
Abstract
Background & objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preventive administration of ketamine, fentanyl and paracetamol on pain intensity and hemodynamic parameters after deep vitrectomy.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 candidates of deep vitrectomy surgery were randomly assigned into 4 groups (1-4) and received 0.5 mg / kg ketamine, 2 μg / kg fentanyl, 10 mg/kg of paracetamol and equivolume of normal saline respectively intravenous infusion during the last 15 minutes of surgery. Pain intensity and hemodynamic parameters were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Pain intensity was significantly higher in placebo group during the first 4 hours after operation (p<0.01), but no significant differences were observed between the study groups at 8 and 24 hours after operation in this regard. There were no significant differences between the three intervention groups in terms of pain intensity during the study. Also there were no significant differences between the 4 study groups regarding to hemodynamic parameters.
Conclusion: The use of each of the three intervention drugs significantly reduced the pain intensity compared to the control group without any hemodynamic derangement.
Yousef Mohammadi Kebar, Ahad Azami, Tahereh Ekrasarian, Farhad Pourfarzi, Mohammad Negaresh, Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Knee osteoarthritis is an important cause of pain and disability in the community. The present study investigated the risk factors for primary osteoarthritis of the knee in patients with knee pain and their relationship with knee osteoarthritis.
Methods: 87 patients were included in the study and were matched in terms of age. Cases consisted of female patients less than 50 years of age with knee pain and the control group was selected from patients under 50 years of age with knee pain and no radiographic findings of osteoarthritis.
Results: This study showed that the rate of osteoarthritis of the knee was significantly related to body mass index (p=0.001). The relationship between knee osteoarthritis and ESR was not significant, but an increase in CRP with a p-value of 0.01 was associated with a risk of approximately a 3.5-fold increase in knee osteoarthritis. With increasing education, the rate of knee osteoarthritis decreased (p=0.022). The Increased circadian outpatient activity was significantly associated with increased knee osteoarthritis (p=0.032). In performed assessments on osteoarthritis of the knee, there was no statistically significant relationship between the type of bathroom used, the use of stairs, and residential houses.
Conclusion: Knee osteoarthritis has a relationship with body mass index, Education level, CRP index, and circadian activity level. it is recommended to lose weight in people with abnormal body mass index, exercise, and improve their lifestyle to reduce the incidence of knee osteoarthritis and disability.
Parisa Habibi, Hadi Yousefi, Mehdi Khazaei, Mohammad Zarei, Iraj Salehi, Reza Jamali Delfan, Simin Afshar, Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Menopause and especially acute menopause due to surgery is associated with many complications in women. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genistein and regular swimming exercise (alone/or in combination) on pain through a possible mechanism of inflammation and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.
Methods: In this study, rats were divided into six groups, including: control, sham, ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomized with eight weeks of swimming exercise training (OVX.E), ovariectomized with eight weeks of genistein administration (OVX.G), and ovariectomized with eight weeks of combined treatment (OVX.G.E). The effects of genistein and/or exercise were evaluated by examining the pain intensity with tail-flick and formalin tests. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated by ELISA and spectrophotometer.
Results: In the OVX group compared to the control group, tail-flick and formalin tests showed an increase in pain response. Also, a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, TOS and a decrease in TAC was observed in the OVX group, however, in the OVX.E, OVX.G and especially OVX.E.G groups, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress as well as pain responses showed a significant decrease compared to the OVX group.
Conclusion: A combination of genistein and regular swimming exercise was synergistically more effective in reducing acute and chronic pain than using them alone in the postmenopausal period.
Masoumeh Matin, Nahid Kianmehr, Abbas Tabatabaiee, Mehrnaz Kajbafvala, Marzieh Yassin, Volume 23, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dry needling on pain and pain pressure threshold (PPT) in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP).
Methods: 29 patients with NSCLBP were randomly allocated into two experimental (N=14) and control (N=15) groups. The dry needling intervention was considered for quadratus lumborum, gluteus medius, and lumbar multifidus, in 6 sessions, and subjects of the control group followed their routine lifestyle. The measurements included pain and PPT, which were evaluated in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up periods. The pain was a variable that had a three-month follow-up assessment. Analysis of variance of combined measurement with repeated measurement and Benferoni's post hoc test were used to investigate the effect of the intervention on the outcome measurements.
Results: Three sessions of trigger point dry needling did not lead to a significant change in pain. However, after five sessions of dry needling, a significant decrease in pain was observed (p<0.05), and the positive changes significantly remained until one and three months after the end of the intervention (p<0.05). Furthermore; significant changes in PPT scores were detected following five sessions of trigger point dry needling treatment (p<0.05). These changes remained constant in the one-month follow-up assessment (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Dry needling for the trigger points of the QL, GM, and LM muscles can improve pain intensity and PPT in patients with NSLBP.
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