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Background & objectives: Vincristine (VIN) is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug has been used to treat various cancers. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural polyphenol found in many plant sources. Many studies have reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of resveratrol. We have explored the protective effect of resveratrol on vincristine-induced oxidative stress in mouse ovarian tissue.
Methods: In this study, 32 female mice weighing 25-30 grams were randomly divided into four groups (each group n=8): 1- control group, 2- Vin- group, 3- Vin-Res group and 4- Res group. The mice received a single IP injection of vincristine (3 mg/kg) weekly for 4 weeks. Res treatment was done 28 days by gastric gavage (daily 30 mg/kg).At the end of the study, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes were measured in ovarian tissue and uterus of the studied animals. Also, ovarian follicles were counted.
Results: The results indicated that the MDA level was elevated and TAC, GPx as well as SOD activities were decreased in Vin- group significantly. Resveratrol reduced MDA level and increased GPx and SOD activities in Vin-Res group significantly. Also histological findings showed that Res increased primordial and primary follicles and reduced atretic  follicles in Vin-Res group significantly.
Conclusions: These results indicate the protective effect of resveratrol on ovarian and uterine tissue against oxidative damage of vincristine in mice

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Background & objectives: Caffeine can affect many physiological functions of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of aerobic function, blood pressure and some immune system factors of trained men to acute caffeine consumption in dehydrated condition and warm and humid environment.
Methods: Thirty male athletes with a mean age of 26.6±3.9 years in dehydrated conditions voluntarily participated in this study, which was performed in a double-blind manner. Subjects were divided into three groups: caffeine consumption group (n=10), placebo group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The Caffeine group consumed 6 mg/kg body weight of caffeine. Sixty minutes later, the subjects performed an increasingly exhausting exercise. Blood samples collecting and blood pressure measuring took place before, immediately after and 24 hours after exercise. Analysis of variance with repeated measures (group * time) and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical calculations.
Results: The duration of the exhaustion test in the caffeine consumption group was significantly longer than the control (p≤0.01) and placebo (p≤0.05) groups. In the blood sampling immediately after exercise, the level of leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in the exercise groups were significantly higher than the control group (p≤0.001). Also, the caffeine group experienced a lower increase in leukocytes and neutrophils compared to the placebo group (p≤0.001). Blood pressure values ​​in the exercise groups were significantly higher than the control group (p≤0.001). Also, the caffeine group experienced a greater increase in systolic blood pressure at baseline and immediately after exercise compared to the placebo group (p≤0.001).
Conclusion: In general, exhausting exercise in a warm environment and dehydrated condition increases the number of immune system cells and blood pressure. In addition to improving aerobic function, caffeine seems to prevent further increases in the number of immune system cells, while increasing blood pressure in the normal range in warm and humid environment.

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Background & objectives: Using medications that decrease postoperative pain and opioid consumption is a widely recommended approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous Ibuprofen and its complication in controlling pain after abdominal surgery.
Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, interventional clinical trial. Sixty patients aged 20 to 60 years were candidates for abdominal surgery (inguinal hernioplasty and appendectomy). Patients were divided into two equal size groups (n=30) using a random block design method. The First group received (400 mg IV) ibuprofen every 6 hours for 24 hours as well as (15 microgram/ml bolus) fentanyl pump with PCA. Second group only received (15 microgram/ml blous) fentanyl pump with PCA. 
Results: Demographic characteristics and duration of surgery, ASA class, type of anesthesia and type of surgery were similar in the two groups. Pain severity in 24 postoperative hours was significantly lower in the ibuprofen group compared with the control group. Nausea and vomiting frequency in 24 postoperative hours was significantly lower in the ibuprofen group compared with the control group. Patients belonging to ibuprofen group were significantly more satisfied with their analgesic method.
Conclusion: Results showed that using 400 mg intravenous ibuprofen every 6 hours mitigates postoperative pain, reduces fentanyl consumption and is highly tolerated by patients.

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Background & objective: FoxO1 and STRA13 proteins play an important role in duplication and cellular metabolism, regulation of cell differentiation, apoptosis and reducing the spread of fat tissue in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different intensities of aerobic training on the expression level of FoxO1 and STRA13 genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats with a mean age of 8 weeks and weight of 237±33 gr were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 equal groups including moderate-intensity aerobic training (MIT), high-intensity aerobic training (HIT), high-intensity interval aerobic training (HIIT) and control group. The training program was implemented 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week for the experimental groups,. Adipose tissue biopsy was performed 48 hours after the last training session to evaluate FoxO1 and STRA13 gene expression using  RT-PCR method. Data were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance test using SPSS 24 software at the significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the FoxO1 gene expression level in the subcutaneous tissue of male Wistar rats between HIT and control groups (p=0.0001). However, no significant difference was observed between experimental groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in STRA13 gene expression level in the subcutaneous tissue between MIT (p=0.008), HIT (p=0.0001) and HIIT (p=0.009) groups and control group.
Conclusion: According to the results, aerobic exercise with variety of intensity is effective in controlling the genes expression rate involved in fat metabolism and by reducing the FoxO1 and STRA13 genes expression, they cause the duplication and reduce the expansion of fat tissue.
 

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Background & objectives: Evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for immune cell differentiation and function. In addition, miRNAs play an essential role in regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in neurons. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between miRNA expression and inflammatory markers in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis.
Methods: RT-PCR analysis was performed on CSF samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and a control group to measure the expression level of miRNA-21, miRNA-155, miRNA-182, and miRNA-437. In addition, the levels of the inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in CSF were measured using ELISA. A quantitative turbidimetric method was also used to measure high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).
Results: A significant difference was found in the expression level of miRNAs and inflammatory factors in the CSF of patients with MS compared with the control group (p<0.05). The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the area under the curve for miRNA-21 (AUC=0.97, p<0.0001), miRNA-182 (AUC=0.97, p<0.0001), and miRNA-155 (AUC=0.96, p<0.0001). The miRNA-155 level in CSF played a very important role in the accurate diagnosis of MS. Significant correlations were found between inflammatory cytokines and miRNA-21, miRNA-155, and miRNA-182, as well as an indirect and moderate correlation between miRNA-437 and hs-CRP.
Conclusion: In MS patients, CSF levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and selected miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of CNS inflammation and neurodegenerative processes.
 

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Background & objectives: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is one of the most ancient and well-known medicinal plants, and its useful role has been well - established in treating of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Fenugreek on spermatogenesis, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in male diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200±20 gram were used. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of six. group1: control group, Group2: diabetic, Group3: diabetic+Fenugreek (8gram /kg diet), group4: diabetic+Fenugreek (2gram /kg diet). This treatment continued for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and sperm profiles were determined.
Results: Blood glucose in diabetic rats which received Fenugreek significantly reduced compared with diabetic animals. Fenugreek also reduced body weight and MDA level of semen (p<0.05).On the other hand, Fenugreek increased the total antioxidant capacity of semen (p<0.05) and normalized sperm profiles (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the present results, it can be concluded that consumption of Fenugreek extract probably reduced MDA level, body weight, and normalized sperm profile thus, Fenugreek extract can be used to treat sexual dysfunction in males.
 

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Background & objectives: Maintaining the capacity of mitochondrial biogenesis during aging is considered a key factor to prevent the development of age-related diseases. this study aimed  to investigate the effect of 8-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and hawthorn extract on the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-γ gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) proteins levels in the soleus muscle of aged rats.
Methods: Thirty-six aged rats were randomly and equally assigned into control (CON), HIIT, extract or combined (COM, HIIT+ extract) groups. The HIIT protocol consisted of 6 to 9 sets×5-min of running on a treadmill, which was performed 4 minutes at 16 m/min and one minuteat a speed velocity of 25 m/min, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Over the intervention period, rats in the extract and COM groups received 100 mg/kg per day hawthorn. After the interventions, TFAM and PGC-1α protein expression levels were detected in the soleus muscle using the western blotting method.
Results: There was a significant increase in PGC-1α for all interventions when compared to the CON, although this increase in the COM was significantly higher than the other groups. After 8 weeks , there was a significant increase in TFAM level in  extract group compared to CON,also, the training groups had more effects on this marker in comparison to the former intervention (p>0.05).   
Conclusion: It seems that, 8-weeks of the HIIT+ intake hawthorn is a more efficient approach in improving mitochondrial oxidative capacity compared to HIIT and extract alone.
 

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Background & objectives: There is a tendency to increase the risk of dementia in patients with periodontitis, but the opposite, the role of Alzheimer's disease on periodontal disease is still unclear, so in this study, the effect of experimental Alzheimer's disease on periodontal inflammatory cells, collagen fibers and neovascularization was investigated in male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 16 Wistar male rats (230-250 grams) were randomly divided into 2 groups; control (saline) and streptozotocin 3 mg/kg (bilateral ICV injection, with a volume of 10 μl, in both groups). After 4 weeks of treatment, two groups were tested with the Morris water maze. Then the rats were killed by deep anesthesia and sampling from the papilla around the two central incisor teeth was done. Samples were fixed and the paraffin block was prepared, serial 5-micron slices were made with a microtome. After hematoxylin & eosin staining, the number of inflammatory cells (PMNs, eosinophils, and mast cells), angiogenesis, and fibroblasts were counted using a microscope (400×). Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and an independent T-test.
Results: The results showed that Alzheimer's disease causes an increase in periodontal inflammatory cells, collagen fibers and new vessels in the gums of mice, and the difference between these changes between the experimental and control groups was significant in all parameters (p<0.00).
Conclusion: According to these findings, Alzheimer's disease causes or aggravates inflammation and increases the rate of periodontal diseases in rat and may have the same effect in humans.
 

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Background: Given the high prevalence of obesity and overweight and the detrimental impact on the mental health of affected people, the objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of narrative therapy on social physique anxiety in obese and overweight women.
Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type, with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The study population for this research consisted of all obese and overweight women in Tabriz city in 2023. 30 women were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received narrative treatment in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any treatment and was placed on the waiting list. At the end of the treatment period, a post-test was performed in both groups. The Social Physique Anxiety Scale by Hart et al. (1989) was used as the measurement tool. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (covariance test with repeated measures) by SPSS-24 software.
Results: In the pre-test, the mean and standard deviation of social physique anxiety in the experimental group were 44.33±2.289, while in the control group, it was 43.67±3.063. In the post-test stage, the values for social physique anxiety in the experimental group were 36.33±3.117, while in the control group, it was 43.80±3.385. The results indicated the effectiveness of narrative therapy (p<0.001). In the follow-up stages, it was found that the effects of narrative therapy are lasting (p<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that narrative can be an effective method for reducing social physique anxiety in obese and overweight women.
 

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Background: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dry needling on pain and pain pressure threshold (PPT) in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP).
Methods: 29 patients with NSCLBP were randomly allocated into two experimental (N=14) and control (N=15) groups. The dry needling intervention was considered for quadratus lumborum, gluteus medius, and lumbar multifidus, in 6 sessions, and subjects of the control group followed their routine lifestyle. The measurements included pain and PPT, which were evaluated in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up periods. The pain was a variable that had a three-month follow-up assessment. Analysis of variance of combined measurement with repeated measurement and Benferoni's post hoc test were used to investigate the effect of the intervention on the outcome measurements.
Results: Three sessions of trigger point dry needling did not lead to a significant change in pain. However, after five sessions of dry needling, a significant decrease in pain was observed (p<0.05), and the positive changes significantly remained until one and three months after the end of the intervention (p<0.05). Furthermore; significant changes in PPT scores were detected following five sessions of trigger point dry needling treatment (p<0.05). These changes remained constant in the one-month follow-up assessment (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Dry needling for the trigger points of the QL, GM, and LM muscles can improve pain intensity and PPT in patients with NSLBP.
 

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