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Showing 44 results for Resistance
Taher Sadeghian, Saeideh Allahyari,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
Background: Oral mucositis as a complication of chemotherapy has posed significant challenges to the quality of life in cancer patients. Tricyclic antidepressants, including nortriptyline can control the pain caused by mucositis by inhibiting sodium channels. Since patient compliance and rapid drug effect are the goals of the proposed formulation, it was decided to prepare and evaluate a nortriptyline mouthwash according to the United States Pharmacopeia.
Methods: Based on the pharmacopeia, the necessary excipients in the nortriptyline mouthwash were determined, and the amount of each was specified. After validating the UV spectrophotometric technique, drug interaction with the mouthwash container was investigated. In addition to measuring the aqueous activity, necessary microbiological tests were also performed.
Results: The UV spectroscopy method validation for nortriptyline was performed at the obtained maximum absorption wavelength (238.5 nm). The findings of the investigation of the interaction of polyethylene terephthalate container with nortriptyline indicate almost no drug adsorption into the internal part of the mouthwash container over 28 days. The results of antibacterial and antifungal/antimycotic tests were within the standard range of the United States Pharmacopeia. The mouthwash's aqueous activity was also found to be 0.81, indicating an unfavorable environment for microbial growth.
Conclusion: This study has shown that the prepared nortriptyline mouthwash meets microbiological resistance standards and there is no interaction between the active drug ingredient and the proposed container. Therefore, this formulation can be suggested as a promising candidate for clinical exploration.
Parinaz Tabibvand, Somayah Asadollahi, Masoomeh Dadkhah,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, incessant and neurodegenerative disorder that affects large areas of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Abnormalities first involve the frontal and temporal lobes in the brain tissue and then slowly reach other areas of the neocortex. It seems that Alzheimer's patients who participated in sports activities had an increase in blood flow, hippocampal volume and improved neurogenesis. In this study, we provide an overview of the positive effects of exercise on the biomarkers of this challenging disease. In this study, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SID.IR databases were searched with the keywords "Alzheimer, Resistance Training, Endurance Training, Biomarker" between the years 2000 and 2024. The results of the studies indicate that exercise can be a non-pharmacological strategy to prevent or delay the decline of the cognitive power of the brain. Exercise also plays an effective role in changes in plasma biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's and cognitive impairment associated with the disease. Among the changes created following sports activity, we can mention the increase in the expression of neurotrophic factors in the brain, inhibition of oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, which leads to an increase in blood supply to the hippocampus tissue.
Saghar Jafari-Ramedani, Fereshteh Hasanpour, Alireza Mohammadnia, Farzad Khademi, Aida Alinezhad,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections. This bacterium is continuously increasing its resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, posing significant challenges for clinical treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trend of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa from 2019 to 2023 in hospitals in Ardabil city.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized 200 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from urine, respiratory, wound, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients who visited Ardabil hospitals between June 2019 and May 2023. The sensitivity and resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to antibiotics-including piperacillin, piperacillin / tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, tobramycin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, and colistin-were assessed using the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods.
Results: Over a period of 4 years, the resistance of P. aeruginosa to various antibiotics was observed as follows: piperacillin 45.5%, piperacillin/tazobactam 31%, ceftazidime 44%, cefepime 46%, aztreonam 12%, imipenem 67.5%, meropenem 52%, amikacin 43%, tobramycin 45.5%, netilmicin 39.2%, ciprofloxacin 55.5%, ofloxacin 62%, norfloxacin 53.5%, levofloxacin 55.5%, and colistin 9%. It is worth mentioning that the trend of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa to all tested antibiotics increased during the first and second years, decreased in the third year, and then experienced a significant increase again in the fourth year. Throughout this period, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa has also been on the rise.
Conclusion: The present study confirmed that the overall trend of resistance to various antibiotics among P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients in Ardabil is on the rise.
Zahra Kargar Dolatabadi, Abdossaleh Zar, Sara Zare Karizak, Rouhollah Ranjbar,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background: Various signaling pathways are involved in causing hypertrophy in different organs of the body. One of these important pathways is the mTOR signaling pathway, which, as a key regulator in cellular growth and metabolism processes, plays an important role in muscle hypertrophy and kidney function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of resistance training and Spirulina supplementation on the expression of IGF-1, AKT, Rheb, and TSC2 genes in male rats.
Methods: 32 male Sprague Dawley rats, 3 months old and weighing 150 ± 20 g, were randomly assigned to four groups: resistance training + spirulina supplement, resistance training, spirulina supplement, and control. Spirulina was orally administered to rats in the spirulina and resistance training plus spirulina groups at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight per day for eight weeks. The resistance training protocol consisted of eight weeks of ladder climbing to a height of one meter. The expression levels of IGF-1, AKT, Rheb, and TSC2 were measured using Real-time PCR.
Results: The expression levels of IGF-1 (p<0.001), AKT (p<0.0001) and Rheb (p<0.0001) genes showed a significant increase in the exercise + supplement group. While the expression of TSC2 gene was significantly decreased in the exercise + supplement group (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The findings indicate a positive effect of resistance training and Spirulina supplementation on the expression of IGF-1, AKT, Rheb, and TSC2 genes in kidney tissue.
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