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Showing 117 results for Ect
Masoud Entezariasl , Khatereh Isazadehfar, Zahra Noorani,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common complications of anesthesia and without prophylactic intervention occurs in about one-third of patients under general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide in reducing PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods : In this study, 90 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated into three equal groups (n=30) and in the first group 10 mg metoclopramide, in the second group 4 mg ondansetron and for placebo group 2 cc normal saline preoperatively were injected. Anesthesia complications in recovery and nausea and vomiting in recovery and 6 hours and 24 hours after surgery were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS software with chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The incidence of nausea in placebo group was 66.7 %, in metoclopramide group was 43.3 % and in ondansetron group was 33.3 %. The difference only between placebo and ondansetron groups was significant (p=0.019). The incidence of vomiting in placebo group was 56.7%, in metoclopramide group was 20% and in ondansetron group was 26.7% and there was significant difference between placebo and ondansetron groups (p=0.035) and between placebo and metoclopramide groups (p=0.007), whereas there was not any significant difference between intervention groups (p=0.12). Also anti-emetic drug administration in ondansetron group (40%) in comparison with metoclopramide (63.3%) and placebo (66.7%) was lower, but this difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.07). Conclusion: For prevention of vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, both metoclopramide and ondansetron are effective. In comparing these two drugs, in preventing of nausea ondansetron is more effective than metoclopramide, whereas there was not any significant difference between two drugs in preventing of vomiting.
Maryam Ghorbani , Yahia Sokhangouei , Heidar Sadeghi ,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background & objectives : The surgery of breast cancer like any other surgeries may bring about some problems and complications, which the knowledge of these problems may be an effective way for prevention or dealing with the complications. The motor and sensory impairments in the upper limb of the surgery side necessitate the utilization of the rehabilitation methods. The main purpose of this research was to show the effect of Pilates exercise on range of motion and edema of upper limb in females suffering from breast cancer after going through surgery. Methods: This quasi- experimental study was conducted on 25 patients randomly chosen among the patients referring to Cancer Institute. The designed exercise included five "Mat Pilates" moves which were done for 15 sessions until the patient reached fatigue borderlines. Meantime, the control group was doing routine active exercises in physiotherapy center. The range of motion and edema of upper limb was measured before and after applying the designed exercise. For describing the data, the mean and standard deviation, and for inferential analysis, the correlated T-tests and one way analysis of variance were used in level of significance of 5%, to compare the variants before and after applying the designed exercise. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the flexion, extension, and internal, external rotation of shoulder, flexion and extension of elbow, flexion, extension, supination deviation and pronation deviation of the wrist and forearm before and after experiment in Pilates group. While in the control group, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation of shoulder, flexion and extension of elbow, and flexion of wrist showed a significant difference before and after the experiment. Conclusion: The use of Pilates exercise after mastectomy surgery can increase the range of motion of the upper limb in the involved side of the patients, and decrease the edema, and improve the motion of the upper limb.
Ali Niapour, Zahra Taghipour, Sahar Kiani, Fereshteh Karamali, Nazila Niapour, Mohammad Mehdi Mir Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Piri, Hosein Salehi, Noruz Najafzadeh, Mohammad Hosein Nasr-Esfahani ,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (1-2013)
Abstract
Objective: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has become an especially challenging target in experimental neuroscience. Approach into the spinal cord is the interface among all different types of spinal cord injury modeling. The lower thoracic spinal cord has generated special interest due to the lower limbs’ spinal pattern generator position and presence of relative scales for behavioral assessment. However, a clear method with which to approach the thoracic spinal cord has yet to be determined. Methods : A total of 20 animals were subjected to this study. Following induction of anesthesia, the 10th thoracic vertebra were positioned, and muscles were retracted. Using the high speed rotary, the vertebral lamina were carefully thinned. As a final point, the reduced lamina was meticulously removed away to expose underlying spinal cord. Loco motor behavioral test (BBB) was implemented before and after surgery procedure. Results: This manuscript has presented the stepwise method to expose rat thoracic spinal cord. Whole procedure took less than an hour. Animals acquired complete BBB loco motor rating score before and after surgery indicating the safety of procedure. Conclusion: This article introduces simple and practical approach for the rat lower thoracic spine. The anatomical orientation, anesthesia , postoperative management , and common problems are discussed .
Hamideh Asghari , Nematollah Gheibi , Kourosh Goodarzvand Chegini, Mahdi Sahmani , Darioush Ilghari ,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Calprotectin, S100A8 and S100A9 are involved in important processes including cell signaling and regulation of inflammatory responses. In this study, recombinant expression, purification and structural characterization of S100A8 and S100A9 were accomplished. Methods : In this experimental study, pET15b was used as vector of human S100A8 and S100A9 coding sequences, hosted by E.coli BL21 (DE3). Gene expression and purification attempts were evaluated using SDS-PAGE. Protein purification was accomplished using Ni-NTA resin based on its affinity for His-tag present on recombinant proteins. Tertiary structure of proteins were evaluated using spectrofluorimetry. Results : The subunits were over expressed 3-4 hours following induction at 37 °C. S100A9 was expressed mainly as inclusion body while S100A8 was found to be expressed mainly as a soluble protein. Purification of S100A8 and S100A9 was achieved at 100 mM imidazole. Spectroscopic studies showed that the amino acid tryptophan is in the internal structures and is less exposed to the aqueous environment. Conclusion : In this study, a recombinant S100A8 and S100A9 subunits were expressed and purified and also their structures were confirmed.
Fereshteh Sharifi Ferdoey , Shiva Irani, Mojghan Zandi, Masoud Soleimani,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives : T he main goal of tissue engineering is regeneration and restoration of damaged tissues and organs, besides being used in medicine . Scaffolds are the main segments for tissue engineering, and plasma surface modification is one of the modern methods used for surface modification on polymer scaffolds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano-fibers with different densities on fibroblasts' behavior besides the plasma surface modification. Methods : Poly Ɛ-Caprolactone nano-fibers (PCL) were developed by an electro-spinning technique at different collecting times. These nano-fibers were then modified by oxygen plasma. Cellular attachment to the nano-fiber and their morphology were evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cellular activities were also studied by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Scaffold biocompatibility test was assessed using inverted microscope. Results : Scanning electron microscope images of nano-fibers showed that increase in time of spinning has significantly heighten fiber density, on the other hand plasma surface modification of nano-fibers had significant effects on their respective biocompatibilities. The result of cell culture showed that nano-fiber could support the cellular growth and replication by developing 3-dimensional topography. Conclusion : Our results showed that increase in time of spinning and using plasma surface modification of nano-fibers by oxygen plasma would result in providing surface with the highest similarity to the extracellular matrix.
Hashem Faal Moghanlo, Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini, Farzaneh Mikaili Manee,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives : Different types of practises are known for improving motor skills in intellectually disabled boys. The purpose of this study was to compar e the impact of spark motor program and basketball on improving of gross motor skills in this people. Methods: In this semi-experimental study , from 98 educable intellectually disabled students who studied in special school in Urmia, 30 children ( age range of 9 to 13 years and IQ mean 64.4 ) were selected objectively and divided in three groups (2 experimental and 1 control) based on pre - test. BOTMP was used as a measurement of motor ability. Selected motor program (Spark motor program) including strengthening training, games, sports and basketball techniques was performed for 24 sessions. T-tests (dependent) and co-variance were used to comparison of results. Results: In Spark group after 24 sessions, there were significant effects on balance (p= 0.000), bilateral coordination (p=0.000) and strength (p=0.001). There was no significant effect in agility and speed (p= 0.343) in basketball techniques group after 24 sessions, there were significant effects in agility and speed (p= 0.001), balance (p= 0.000), bilateral coordination (p= 0.013) and strength (p= 0.007). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be claimed that the Spark program and basketball techniques improve gross motor skills in educable intellectually disabled students. We also found a significant difference between the Spark program and basketball techniques efficacy on the improved skills. Furthermore, the efficacy of Spark program was significantly higher than basketball techniques (p<0.05).
Mohammad Mirzaaghazadeh, Nasrin Fouladi, Bijan Zamani , Fariba Mehdiniya, Raheleh Mohammadi ,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Heart failure is considered as a major cause of hospitalization. Many studies have shown association between sleep-related breathing disorders and heart failure. It has been shown that the relationship between nocturnal hypoxia and left ventricular dysfunction can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF ). Accordingly, treatment of sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) can give rise to improvement in CHF treatment too. This study surveys the prevalence of sleep disorder in stable heart failure patients regardless of ejection fraction. Methods : This study was a descriptive-analytical study. One hundred and eight patients with heart failure disease were studied. A questionnaire consisting of two parts (part I consistent of demographic information and part II consistent of sleep disorders) and clinical examination (pulse oximetery and echocardiography) were used for collection of data. The data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software using descriptive and analytical tests including the chi-square, Pearson correlation and ANOVA. Results: Fifty six persons (51.9%) of patients were female and 52 persons (48.1%) were male with mean age of 65.42 ± 11 years. In total sleep duration, 95 patients (88%) had nocturnal hypoxemia . There was correlation between arterial oxygen desaturation at night and ejection fraction . Conclusion : This study confirmed strong associations between nocturnal hypoxia and left ventricular dysfunction and SRBD should be considered in clinical treatment of systolic heart failure.
Masoumeh Akbari , Noor Amir Mozaffari , Hadi Peeri Dogaheh,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become a growing problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in urine samples of hospitalized patients in Imam Khomeini hospital of Ardabil over a period of October 2011 to August 2012. Methods : A total of 400 urinary pathogens isolated from urine samples were included in the study. All isolates were identified by routine biochemical methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. Confirmatory test for production of ESBLs was performed by the combination disk tests. The results were interpreted according to the recommendation of CLSI. Results : Of 400 isolated bacteria, 267 were E.coli, 39 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 17 Klebsiella oxytoca, 16 Enterobacter cloacae, 15 Enterobacter aerogenese, 6 Enterobacter agglomerans, 8 Enterobacter sakazakji, 3 Citrobacter froundi, 2 Citrobacter diversus, 3 Proteus mirabilis, 4 Edvardsiella tarta, 3 Serratia marcesecens and 17 Morganella morganii all of which then were analyzed. ESBL was detected in 36.75% (147) of isolates. Eighty nine E.coli cases (77.4%), 15 Klebsiella pneumonia (13.04%), 2 Klebsiella oxytoca (1.74%), 3 Enterobacter aerogenese (2.6%), 4 Enterobacter cloacae (3.5%), 1 Citrobacter ferundi (0.86%), and 1 Morganella morganii (0.86%) were detected as ESBLs producers, respectively. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, broad-spectrum beta-lactamase production in bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection was very high and almost 40% of all bacterial species isolates were ESBLs producers. Because of the high prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in the urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients of our area, we would strongly suggest that the ESBL production should be considered in these patients.
Touraj Rahmani , Farid Bahrpeyma, Manoochehr Iranparvar , Mohammad Taghikhani ,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus results in vascular dysfunction and reduction of nitric oxide (NO) level. In this study the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) on NO level, an effective factor in increasing blood flow, and on ankle brachial index (ABI) as a n index of lower extremity blood flow in type 2 diabetic patients, have been investigated. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial carried out in Imam Khomeini hospital of Ardabil and Mehr physiotherapy center in 2013. Thirty diabetic patients after initial pilot study participated in this experiment based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, they were randomly assigned into two equal groups, electromagnetic therapy and control. The baseline levels of ABI and NO of both groups were measured. Patients in electromagnetic group were exposed to 10 Hz EMF radiation (with intensity of 8 mT) together with scanning lower limbs (three sessions per week, and 40 minutes per session for 8 weeks). The control group did not receive any treatment. After eight weeks, the amount of ABI and NO level were recorded. For statistical analysis paired t-test and independent t-test were used in SPSS 19 software. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences between pre (1.009±0.02) and post (1.052±0.02) measurement of ABI of diabetic patient after applying magnetic field ( P = 0.013). However, there was no significant difference between p and after measurement of ABI and NO level in controlgroup and also NO level in magnet groups ( P> 0.05). Difference between pre and post therapy of ABI in electromagnetic group (0.05±0.01) showed significant increase compared with control group (0.004±0.003) ( P = 0.001). Conclusion: Increase in ABI after 8 weeks electromagnetic therapy could be considered as an accretion index in blood flow in lower extremity.
Ghasem Fattahzadehardalani , Masoud Ghasemi , Nasim Tarassoli ,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: This study evaluated the effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate on clinical improvement of the patients with acute stroke. There is a lot of information about the use of magnesium sulphate in different conditions of brain ischemia while the effect of magnesium sulphate as a neuroprotective agent has been demonstrated in focal and global brain ischemiain animal models. However, the effect of this agent is still unclear.
Methods: 80 patients (47 % female and 53 % male) with acute ischemic stroke signs and symptoms, lasting less than 12 hours of ischemia, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups 40 patients received 4 g of MgSO 4 over 15 minutes and then 16 g over the next 24 hours, and the other 40 patients received serum normal salin as the placebo.
Results: The results showed that magnesium sulphate administrated group had better clinical improvement rate than control group. The number of patients with grade III decreased in magnesium received group and patients with grade II, I were increased. After 2 weeks, patients with Grade IIIdecreased to 12.5% and the patients with grade II and I increased to 50% and 37.5%, respectively(based on NIHSS score).
Conclusion: According to this study,magnesiumsulphatecan be used as a neuroprotective agent in patients with acute stroke.
Maryam Adabi, Mahshid Talebi Taher , Leila Arbabi, Mastaneh Afshar , Sara Fathizadeh, Sara Minaeian, Niloofar Moghadam-Marageh, Ali Majidpour ,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Wound infection is a predominant cause of death in burned patients who are clearly at increased risk of nosocomial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common cause of burn infections and is difficult to treat because of having high level of resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to perform isolation, identification and determination of antibiotics resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from wounds of hospitalized burn patient.
Methods: Biochemical and molecular tests were used for identification of the P. aeruginosa and antibacterial susceptibility test was performed using disk diffusion (Kirby- Bauer) methods. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed for four representatives of different groups of antibiotics.
Results: Among 94 evaluated strains of P. aeruginosa, 83 isolates (88.3%) were multi drugs resistant. Based on Kirby-Bauer method, the most resistance was seen to cefepime (89.5 %) and among the antibiotics studied to determine the MIC, the most resistance was observed to ciprofloxacin (89 %).
Conclusion: These results indicate high range of resistance to different antibiotics among strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds of patients. So, the fast and accurate measurement and evaluation of antibiotic resistance for appropriate antibiotic therapy of burned patients is imperative.
B Zamani, M Azari, A Hosseinian , A Shokrdargahy, A Mardi , Sh Azari,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Myocardial infarction (MI) isone of the most commonly heart diseases in all countries with the mortality rate of about 30%. Reperfusion of blocked coronary arteries plays an important role in reducing mortality and enhancing the quality of life of patients after acute MI.
Methods: This clinical trial is to compare the efficacy of streptokinase administered intravenously in a two slow and accelerated groups: control group (slow intravenous infusion during 1 hour) and case group (half-hour accelerated intravenous infusion of streptokinase) with the sample size of 100 patients (divided randomly to 50 patients in each group). The data tool was a questionnaire, included the collected ECG changes before and after echocardiography and laboratory tests of patients. Data analyzed with SPSS software using chi-square test.
Results:After reperfusion of the coronary artery, in the both case and control groups, elevation of ST segment has decreased statistically in two groups (60% and 84%, respectively). The complications rate following injection of SK in both case and control groups were 46% and 56%, respectively. The fraction in which 30% and 38% belong to cardiac complications, 32% and 22% to allergic symptoms and hematologic effects were 32% and 22%, in two groups, respectively and there was no statistically significant difference between two groups.
Conclusion:According to the results of this study the accelerated (30 minutes) SK infusion can be fruitful for improving coronary reperfusion in patients with MI.
N Danesh Far , H Peeri Dogaheh, M Ghiamirad ,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Resistant microbial strains are a serious threat to public health in different societies. A mong the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing strains the Enterobacteriaceae family which is considered as the main factors producing urinary tract infections, have created many problems in treatment of this kind of infections. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of β-lactamase TEM-1 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine samples in Ardabil city.
Methods: Within 6 months, 400 urinary isolates of Enterobacteriaceae of inpatients and outpatients were collected in Ardabil hospitals and were identified by standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was tested by disk diffusion method, and ESBL producer confirmatory test was conducted using combined disk. Finally, the frequency of β-lactamase TEM-1 gene in producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases strains was investigated using PCR.
Results: From 400 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 150 cases (37.5%) were ESBL producing. PCR results showed presence of the TEM-1 gene in 69 cases (46%). The frequency of this gene in isolates of Enterobacter (Aerogenes, Cloacae), Klebsiella (Pneumoniae, Oxytoca) and E. coli was obtained to be 62.5%, 54.5% and 44.8%, respectively. Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescens strains were lacking these genotypes.
Conclusion: As regards the presence of TEM-1 gene, there is also increasing in other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family including Klebsiella and Enterobacter in addition to E. coli, therefore sufficient identification of this strains is necessary to prescribe the right medicine.
A Pourrahimghouroghchi, P Babaei, A Damirchi, B Soltanitehrani, S Ghorbanishirkoohi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
� Background & objectives: Obesity and visceral fat accumulation after menopause are associated with lipid profile changes, metabolic syndrome and c ardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week aerobic - resistance training and estrogen replacement therapy on visceral fat and cardiovascular risk factors in ov ariectomized rats.
� Methods: Fifty female Wistar rats were ov ariectomized and divided into 5 OVX groups (n=10 rats per group): Ovx+sedentary (Sedentary), aerobic - resistance training (Ovx+Exe), aerobic - resistance training+estrogen replacement therapy (Ovx+Exe+Est), estrogen replacement therapy (Ovx+Est) and vehicle group or sesame oil (Ovx+Oil). The exercise consisted of aerobic-resistance training (20 m/min, 3 days/week, 60 min/day, 10% slope, Load 3% body weight) 17b-estradiol valerate (30 �g/kg bw in 0.2 ml sesame oil) were injected subcutaneously three days a week during 8 week. The co-treatment group received both exercise and estradiol protocol as same as previous groups.
� Results: After 8-week of interventions, visceral fat significantly reduced by Ovx+Exe and Ovx+Exe+Est compared to Sedentary rats (p<0.05), however no significant difference in body weight was observed. BMI significantly reduced in Ovx+Exe and Ovx+Exe+Est groups compared to Sedentary group. Also, BMI significantly reduced in Ovx+Est compared to Ovx+Oilgroup (p<0.05). Although this intervention changed lipid profiles, they were not statistically significant in neither of groups. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed usingone-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey&rsquos post-hoc test. The differences were considered significant at p<0.05.
� Conclusion: Eight weeks aerobic-resistance training successfully decreases visceral fat and BMI.
S Farid, H Peeri Dogaheh , M Ghiami Rad ,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Drug resistance is one of the most problems in controlling microbial infections which assumes to be ever-increasing problem all through the world. Production of extended-spectrum &beta-lactamases enzyme (ESBLS) can cause a resistance to antibiotics of gram negative bacteria. The main purpose of this study was to determine antibiotic sensitivity patterns and SHV-1 genes frequency in collected urinary samples from hospitalized patients in Ardebil.
Methods: 400 isolated Enterobacteriaceae from urinary samples were recognized using an ordinary biochemical method. Antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted by Kirby and Bauer. The combined disk method was also utilized as a confirmatory test. The results were compared to clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) standards. Finally, ESBL positive isolates were investigated by PCR method regarding the SHV-1 gene.
Results: From the total of 400 urinary isolates Enterobacteriaseae resistance to Ampicilin, Nalidixicacid, Co-trimoxazole, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin Ceftizoxime, Cefixime, Gentamycin, Imipenem were 82.5, 62.3, 67, 36, 49.5, 50.3, 52, 36, 41, 24.8 and 7.7 percents, respectively. 150 isolates (37.5%) were positive ESBL, and among all, 28 isolates (18.7%) contained SHV-1 gene.
Conclusion: According to obtained results from the study, regarding high percentage of resistance to antibiotics and high reduction of ESBLS in bacteria from who suffered from urinary infections, taking some logical steps for prevention seems to be essential.
Mehrab Hojjat, Parviz Amri, Shahnaz Barat, Ali Bijani, Valiollah Amri,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: This study was designed to compare the effect of general and spinal anesthesia on hemoglobin and hematocrit values in women following cesarean section.
Methods: This clinical trial study performed on 88 ASA class 1 pregnant women who were candidate for elective cesarean. Forty six patients received general anesthesia with isoflorane 0.75, N2O 50% and O2 and also 42 patients received spinal anesthesia with 12 mg of bupivacaine. The patients with a systemic disease or other causes of intraoperative excessive bleeding were excluded. All the operations were performed by same surgeon. Pre- and post-operative Hb and HCT values and Apgar score were recorded in both groups.
Results: Previous cesarean section history was the cause of surgery in 21 patients in group one and 22 patients in group two. Both groups were similar in age, weight, height and parity. The preoperative mean Hb or HCT values did not differ significantly between two groups. In both groups, postoperative mean Hb and HCT values were decreased significantly. Postoperative Hb and Hct reduction was significantly higher in general anesthesia group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding Apgar score.
Conclusion: This study showed higher postoperative Hb and Hct reduction in general anesthesia than spinal anesthesia.
Amir Azizi , Javad Mohamadi ,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Depression and perceived stress are considered among the most common symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Dialectical behavior therapy was presented as one of the most effective treatment of many disorders in the past decade. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical group behavior therapy on perceived stress and depression in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.
Methods: The research method was an experimental pretest-posttest control group design with random assignment). Of all the patients referred to medical centers in Tabriz during 1393 SH, 30 patients selected with irritable bowel syndrome and Rome-III diagnostic criteria after using the interview, completed perceived stress questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. The subjects were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). After completing dialectical behavior therapy in the experimental group, the questionnaire was administered in both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis with SPSS-20 software.
Results: Dialectical group behavior therapy was significantly effective in reducing perceived stress (p= 0.004, F= 9.91) and depression (p= 0.005, F= 9.60) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in experimental group, so that after the intervention the perceived stress and depression scores decreased in experimental group.
Conclusion: It seems that dialectical behavior therapy is effective in reducing perceived stress and depression in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome and can be helpful in improving the symptoms of perceived stress and depression in these patients.
Soheila Molaei, Abdolhosein Dalimi, Mehdi Mohebali, Zabihollah Zareii, Behnam Mohamadi, Behnaz Akhondi, Amrollah Azarm,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease and is considered as the most important disease in dogs. The disease has been reported in North West and South of the country, in Iran. In addition to stray dogs, some apparently healthy dogs can be contaminated without showing any sign or symptoms in this area. In the present study, canine visceral leishmaniasis was investigated in dogs lacking clinical signs in Meshkinshahr city in Ardabil, Iran.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted during 2011-2014. A total of 110 serum samples collected from dogs either having or lacking clinical signs and tested by direct agglutination test (DAT) assay. Then 10 dogs (41.6%) showing clinical signs and 15 dogs (17.4%) without any symptoms were autopsied and their spleens were sampled. The samples were used for smear preparation and culturing.
Results: Based on the results, among 24 dogs with clinical signs 20 cases (83.3%) and of 86 dogs without signs, 16 cases (18.6%) found to be positive. On the other hand, smear and culture results were found to be positive in 100% and 60% of dogs with and without clinical signs, respectively. The interesting and impressive results of this study was that the dogs with symptoms but negative DAT and asymptomatic dogs with negative DAT were positive in parasitological tests.
Conclusion: This proves that asymptomatic dogs like symptomatic dogs can be effective in L. infantum infection and is able to maintain the transmission of the disease in endemic areas. On the other hand, a number of symptomatic dogs with negative anti-leishmania antibodies were positive in parasitological tests. Thus, this study also shows that although DAT is effective in determining asymptomatic dogs and canine visceral leishmaniosis control programs but it does not seem to be satisfying in endemic areas such as Meshkin-shahr. Thus in endemic areas, it is recommended that the low antibody titer should be considered.
Parvin Babaei, Arsalsn Damirchi, Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroughchi ,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Estrogen reduction after the menopause is associated with visceral adipose tissue accumulation and insulin resistance. Serum omentin-1 level is also decreased by abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. This study investigated the effect of estrogen on visceral fat, omentin-1 and insulin resistance in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
Methods: Thirty 13-week-old female Wistar rats weighing180±5 gr were randomly matched on their body weight and divided into OVX (n=20) and sham-operated (SHAM; n=10) groups. OVX rats were subdivided into estrogen replacement therapy (Ovx+Est; n=10), and control (Ovx+sesame Oil; n=10) groups. The estrogen replacement therapy received 17b-estradiol (30µg/kg bw; in 0.2 ml sesame oil) three days a week, for eight weeks. Ovx+Oil received the same sesame oil subcutaneously as vehicle. All intra-abdominal fat depots were dissected out and weighed immediately. Omentin-1 concentration was measured by rat omentin ELISA kit and HOMA-IR was used to estimate the insulin resistance. Obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test.
Results: Visceral fat was decreased by 12.84% in Ovx+Est compared to Ovx+Oil group; but it wasn ́t significant. Whereas, body weight was significantly decreased by 7.87 % in Ovx+Est compared to Ovx+Oil; and it was significantly increased by 12.5% in Ovx+Oil compared to SHAM group. Omentin-1 level was significantly increased by 41% in Ovx+Est compared to Ovx+Oil group; whereas it was significantly decreased by 13.9% in Ovx+Oil compared to SHAM group. The levels of glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased to 51.16%, 24.23% and 61.52%, respectively, in Ovx+Est group compared to the rats in Ovx+Oil group (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: 8-week estrogen reduces body weight and improves insulin resistance probably via increase in omentin-1.
Shahla Mohammad Ganji , Mohammadnaser Molapour , Golamreza Javadi , Eisa Jahanzad,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: KAI1 is a tumor suppressor gene and inhibitor of metastasis in a wide range of malignancies. While it is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues, KAI1 expression subjects to the down regulation in tumors. The present research aims semi-quantitative evaluation of KAI1 mRNA expression in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and correlation between expression levels of KAI1 and stage oftumorigenesis, especially metastasis and invasion of CRC as well as pathologic factors of patients.
Methods: RT-PCR was done by specific primers for KAI1 and β-actin genes on the 80 tumor tissues and 14 normal tissues as fresh samples which obtained from 80 unrelated patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital.
Results: According the results, 51.2% and 48.8% of the sample were on and off for KAI1 gene expression, respectively. As a detail, 97.3% of samples in the stage 3 and 4 and 94.5% of metastatic phases samples showed no expression of this gene. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference of the KAI1 expression between four groups of samples; normal, stage 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Also a significant difference was observed between semi-quantitative KAI1 expression and degree of spread to regional lymph nodes (p=0.02) as well as semi-quantitative KAI1 expression and metastasis (p=0.000001).
Conclusion: A significant difference between semi-quantitative expression of KAI1 and degree of spread to regional lymph nodes (p=0.02) and metastasis (p=0.000001) was observed.
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