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Showing 117 results for Ect
Masoumeh Hajishafiha, Shaker Salari Lac , Minoo Khairi Tabar , Siyamak Naji, Mahzad Sadaghiani , Nahideh Asadi ,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives : Today there is a significant progress in the treatment of female infertility but there is no main improvement for the rate of implantation and live birth. This is because of non-implantation and early abortion that lead to decrease the rate of live birth. Genital infections such as bacterial vaginosis are common cause of this problem. Distinction and treatment of bacterial vaginosis is easy and non-expensive. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis could results in improving the rate of implantation and then live birth. Methods: We considered 209 infertile women treated with ICSI (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection). This study was performed in infertility clinic of KOSAR hospital affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Before transferring of embryo, a sample was taken from posterior culdesac secretions by sterile cotton swap and fixed it on lamella. Then bacterial vaginitis was graded by a pathologist. The relationship of bacterial vaginosis with implantation and early abortion was studied. Data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed by t-test and Chi-Square test. p<0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: Bacterial vaginosis was significantly more frequent in patients with tubal and ovulatory disorder (p=0.013). In women undergoing ICSI, bacterial vaginosis was not associated with decreased conception rate (p=0.892) and with increased rate of early pregnancy loss (p=0.44). Conclution: Bacterial vaginosis is prevalent in women with infertility. It is also the most important cause of infertility in patients with tubal and ovulatory disorder. Bacterial vaginosis does not affect fertilization rate.
Gholamreza Sepehri , Vahid Sheibani , Yasamin Pahlavan , Mohammadreza Afarinesh Khaki , Khadijeh Esmail Pour Bezenjani, Bahareh Pahlavan ,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Origanum Vulgare is an herbal plant which is widely distributed in the north and northwest parts of Iran and posses therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of aqueous extract of Origanum Vulgare L. ssp. viride on pain threshold in male rats. Methods: In this study,28 Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided randomly into 4 groups (n=7) . Rats were anaesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine and placed in stereotaxic apparatus. A guide cannula was inserted into ventricular area, according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson. One week after surgery , three groups of rats received microinjection of Origanum extract (1, 3, 6µg/rat). Controls received the microinjection of the same volume of saline. Tail flick latency (TFL) was used to assess the nociceptive response each 15 min for 120 min, using tail flick test. The results were analyzed by repeated measurement test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean values of quantitative variable among the groups. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Intracerebroventricular administration of the Origanum extract resulted in significant and dose-dependent increase in TFL compared to controls (p<0.05). Origanum extract at dose of 3µg/rat showed the highest analgesic response. The maximum analgesic response was observed at 60 min and 90 min post extract injection (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the ICV injection of aqueous extract of Origanum Vulgare possesses dose- dependent antinociceptive activities in the tail flick test in rats.
Parviz Mohajeri , Babak Izadi , Mansour Rezai , Badie Falahi , Hosna Khademi , Roya Ebrahimi ,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Nowadays, appearance of ESBL producing bacteria is medical problem in the treatment of infections. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli like many other bacteria can produce these types of enzymes. T he assessment of the ESBL production by clinical isolates is not done routinely in laboratories. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing E.coli and its antibiotic resistance pattern in Kermanshah. Methods: This cross - sectional study was done on 200 Uropathogenic E. coli strains isolated from people in Kermanshah. Sensitivity of isolates to different antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion test and ESBL production was assessed by DDST method. Results: The E. coli strains showed high susceptibility to imipenem (100%), amikacin (97%), nitrofurantoin (95.5%), gentamicin (85%), cefepime (75%), ceftazidime (74%), ofloxacin (73.5%), ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and aztreonam (71%) and cefotaxime (70%) respectively. The highest resistance was seen to ampicillin (77%), carbenicillin (76%), pipracillin (74%) and SXT (62.5% ). Resistance rate to third generation cephalosporins was 63-75%. Fifty seven isolates (27%) were ESBL producers and 47 isolates (87%) produced all four types of ESBL enzymes. Conclusion: There are some similarities and differences in the antibiotic resistance pattern and ESBL production among the isolates in different areas of Iran and other countries. Identification of ESBL producing bacteria and determining its antimicrobial resistance pattern are recommended to effective treatment of infections.
Manoochehr Barak , Setareh Mamishi , Seiyed Ahmad Siadati , Peyman Salamati , Ghamartaj Khotaii, Mehrdad Mirzarahimi ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Nosocomial infections increase patient’s mortality and are considered as a health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolated bacteria in NICU and PICU, in Bahrami and Children’s Medical Center hospitals, Tehran . Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study from October 2008 to September 2009, risk factors and etiology of nosocomial infections were evaluated in all patients who showed infectious signs upon 48h admission. Infectious agents were diagnosed by the standard microbiological tests and antibiotic sensitivity of isolates was determined using dick diffusion method. The data for location of the hospital, admission history, presence of immunodeficiency, fever and using venous and urine catheters, suction, venous injection as well as cerebral shunt and surgery have been collected by a questionnaire and analyzed, statistically . Results: About 9.3% (70 individuals) of cases encountered with nosocomial infections. From whom, 24.3% were infected by Pseudomonas aeroginosa and 18.6% and 3.14% by Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter spp, respectively. The location of the hospital, using of suction and surgery were the most common risk factors related to nosocomial infections (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the hospital location, suction and surgery were the most common risk factors and Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter spp were the common infectious threats. So, we need to design the special program to improve nosocomial infection control in hospitals .
Yasamin Pahlavan , Gholam Reza Sepehri , Mohammad Reza Afarinesh Khaki , Vahid Sheibani, Khadijeh Esmail Pour Bezenjani , Bahareh Pahlavan ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Opiodergic system has important role in pain control. Origanum vulgare is a folk medicine with analgesic properties which is widely distributed in the north and northwest parts of Iran. The mechanism of therapeutic effects of Origanum vulgare is not understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intervention effect of opioid agonist (morphine) and antagonist (naloxone) on analgesic effects of Origanum vulgare. Methods: In this study 28 Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were used (n=7). The rats were anaesthetized by ketamine (80mg /kg) and xylazine (10mg /kg) and a cannula was inserted into the left ventricle according to atlas of Paxinos characteristics using stereotaxic apparatus. The animals were allowed to recover for 5-7 days .In pilot examination, the effective dose of ORG extract determined 3µg/rat i.c.v. Rats were divided into 4 groups:Control group given saline 0.5ml.i.p/ saline 5µl.i.c.v or ORG 3µg/rat.i.c.v. other groups are morphine (2mg/kg ,i.p) and ORG3µg/rat,i.c.v , Naloxone (1mg/kg,i.p) and ORG 3µg/rat,i.c.v. The latency response of rats to thermal stimulation was recorded (30, 45, 60, 75, 90 &120 min after treatment) by Tail flick test. Repeated Measurement test and ANOVA were used to determine significant differences. Results: There was significant decrease in the pain threshold following the co-administration of ORG extract with naloxone in the Tail flick test. There also was significant decrease in the latency response or pain threshold 90 and 120 min after intervention in naloxone group compared with that in control group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that analgesic effect of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare may be mediated, at least in part, by opioidergic system.
Farshad Sheikh Akbari , Bita Shahbazzadegan, Mahdi Samadzadeh, Hosein Ghamary Givi, Mohammad Narimani ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Exact diagnosis of mental disorder is important in psychology. With respect to common symptoms in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood, correct diagnosis of these disorders seems to be very difficult. The main goal of this study was to compare the body temperature of schizophrenic, schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients. Method: In this descriptive study, 60 schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients, 20 persons in each group were selected. The patients were interviewed and their body temperature was measured. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: Schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar mood patients had 38.15 ±11.13, 34.8±10.99, and 35.25 ± 9.05 years as a mean, respectively. About 63.3% of individuals had secondary , 15% high school, 16.7% diploma and 5% undergraduate education . About 51.7% of patients had non-governmental job, 8.3% and 40% were employed and jobless, respectively. Among them 45% were single and the rest married. 15% of individuals were admitted once, 25%, twice, 3.3% three times, 20% between 4-10 times and 41.7% frequently. Statistically, there was significant difference between the mean of body temperature in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients, (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The difference between the body temperature mean in three groups of patients showed that schizoaffective patients were more close to bipolar mood patients, and schizophrenia patients differ in terms of base keeping mean and body temperature balance from two other groups (schizoaffective and bipolar mood).
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani , Masoud Khorasani , Hadi Piri Dogahe, Mahdi Shirzad Siboni,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: E. coli is an opportunistic and pathogenic bacterium in human. It is a fecal contamination indicator of the water. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of ultra violet radiation in disinfection of E. coli in aquatic environments in a batch system. Methods: At first, reactor was designed and made. The effects of pH, exposure time and initial inoculum were studied. Kinetic parameters were obtained by application of zero, first and second - order equations . Results: The result showed that removal efficiency decreased with increase of initial inoculumand the kinetics of disinfection was described by first-order model. The result also showed that removal efficiency augmented with increasing exposure time and pH . Conclusion: The results of this study shows that ultra violet radiation can be used as an effective disinfection method for E. coli in aquatic environments.
Maryam Chavoshi Frooshani , Abbasali Imani Fooladi , Sara Saadatmand,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Escherishia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important diarrhea causing agents in developing countries . Using antibiotics cause adverse effects as promoting emergence of antibiotic resistance, fading the microflora of intestine and enhancement of verotoxin (VTEC) production by this bacterium. So, a modern treatment protocol is needed for treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. In this study, Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) was isolated from yogurt and antibacterial effects of bacterial cell debris and its culture supernatant were tested against E.coli O157:H7. Methods: Several different samples of yoghurt were cultured in MRS agar in anaerobic conditions at 37 ºC. L. casei was identified by common microbiological and molecular methods. Antimicrobial effects of bacterial cell debris and its culture supernatant were tested against E. coli O157:H7 by using Agar Well Diffusion (AWD) and Broth macrodilution methods. In addition, standard growth curves of pathogenic bacterium and L. casei were obtained by turbidometery and colony count procedures. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) of supernatant originated from culture of L. casei were determinded. The stability of antimicrobial effects of the supernatant in different conditions of pH and temperature were studied. Results: Lactobacillus casei was isolated from two different samples of yoghurts, and confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The results showed that antimicrobial effects of culture supernatant were stable at 56, 70, 80and 100 ºC for 30 and 60 minutes. Furthermore, they were stable in pH of 3, 7 and 10. The MIC and MBC of supernatants were 1:16 and 1:8 respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, culture supernatant of L. casei can be used as a biological preservative in food industries. Also due to antimicrobial effect of L. casei, it can be used in treatment of diseases associated with E. coli O157:H7.
Peyman Abdolahzade, Reza Shapouri , Shahrzad Nasiri Semnani,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by intracellular pathogens of the genus Brucella that have their natural reservoir in domestic and wild animals. Many studies show that herbal medicines have been used safely and successfully to treat bacterial diseases without significant side effects and drug resistance problems. Methods: In this study aquatic, alcoholic and acetonic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus leaves were prepared, then MIC and MBC of extracts for B. melitensis 16M and B. abortus S99 were determined by broth macrodilution and agar well diffusion methods. In animal model study, 5 × 105 CFU/mL of Brucellae was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) to female BALB/c mice. After 24 hours, 0.5mL (equivalent MBC) of each Eucalyptus globulus extracts was injected (i.p) After 7 days, in spleen the colonies of brucellae were counted on Muller-Hinton agar as standard protocol. Results: The MIC and MBC of Eucalyptus globulus for B. melitensis M16 and B. abortus S99 were 1:80 (10.81 mg/mL) and 1:40 (21.62 mg/mL) for aquatic extract, 1:1280 (0.64 mg/mL) and 1:640 (1.29 mg/mL) for acetonic extract, and 1:2560 (0.31 mg/mL) and 1:1280 (0.63 mg/mL), for ethanolic extract respectively. In culture of spleen supernatant (in vivo), after 48 hours, the average grown B. melitensis 16M colonies for aquatic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts were 5×103 CFU/ml, 2×102 CFU/ml and 6×102 CFU/ml, respectively in comparison with control group (4×1010 CFU/ml). These results for B.abortus S99 were 3×103 CFU/ml, 1×102 CFU/ml and 3×102 CFU/ml, respectively in comparison with control group (9×109 CFU/ml) The results showed that bacterial load was significantly decreased in all experimental groups (p<0.01). Conclusion : The results of in vitro and in vivo indicate that ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus have more effective antimicrobial activity on B.melitensis M16 and B.abortus S99 than aquatic extract. It seems that the extracts Eucalyptus globulus can be used in treatment of human and animal brucellosis.
Hormoz Azimi, Sholeh Khademabbasi,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The first Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery was performed by Erich Muhe in 1985.Nowadays in developed countries, more than 90% of cholecystectomy surgeries are done by Laparoscopic method and it is one of the most common elective surgeries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency and side effects of this method and the rate of conversion to open surgery patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery in Sabalan and Arta hospitals in Ardabil province. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed between October 2006 and January 2009. We have studied 200 patients (24 male, 176 female) with cholecystitis (symptomatic gallstones) treated by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery. Data were collected through questionnaires and telephone calls (at least 6 months after surgery). Data analysis was done by SPSS statistical software and chi-square test. p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The average age of patients was 44.6 years. In the final diagnosis, 168 patients (84%) had chronic cholecystitis and 32 patients (16%) had acute cholecystitis. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 8 patients (4%). Eight cases (4%) were suffered organic side effects including: four cases (2%) jaundice after surgery, 1 case (0.5%) postoperative fever, 1 case (0.5%) leakage of bile, 1 case (0.5%) slight leaking of serum from the surgical site and 1 case (0.5%) associated with increased liver enzymes that had no other symptoms. About the risk factors for conversion to open surgery, there was significant correlation between acute cholecystitis and male gender. Information about the satisfaction of patients after surgery showed that, 89.5% were completely satisfied, 2.5% were completely dissatisfied and 8% were relatively dissatisfied. No deaths were seen. Conclusion: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a standard selective treatment method for gallbladder stones. It has many advantages including reduced duration of hospitalization, less pain, reduced morbidity and less side effects than open surgery, lower recovery period and faster return to normal life.
Maryam Ehsani, Khadijeh Hatamipour, Maryam Sedaghati , Atefeh Ghanbari,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Pain is one of the most common problems for which human have always been looking for efficient treatment. Several different factors may cause pain, but one of the most widespread reason is the application of some treatments and nursing measures such as intramuscular injection. The present study was designed to compare between the intensity of pain due to intramuscular injection by two different methods: Z- track and Air lock method. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 volunteer female nursing students were included. The subject was injected with one milliliter of sterilized water two times within 24 hours: the first injection by Z method and the second one by the Air lock method. The intensity of pain was measured two times by a scale graded from zero to ten. The results were compared by using descriptive statistics and independent t-test by SPSS 12 software. Results: Our findings showed that the mean of pain intensity in Z method was 1.80 ± 1.90, and raised to 3.13 ± 2.33 in Air lock method. Moreover, the intensity of pain in these two different methods had significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicated that the pain caused by Z method is less than the pain felt through Air lock method. With respecting to these results the Z method is proposed as preferred method for intramuscular injections.
Gholamreza Zarrini , Eiraj Rasooli, Mohsen Abazari, Younes Ghasemi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Expansion of microbial drug resistance, have indicated to introduce new source of drugs with antimicrobial properties such as antimicrobial secondary metabolites which produced of Cyanobacteria spp. Antimicrobial activity of Cyanobacteria spp. of Urmia Lake catchment area was not already reported, therefore in this research, antibacterial and antifungal properties of cyanobacteria varieties isolated from this ecosystem and identification of the potent strains were investigated. Method: Different environmental samples screened for isolation of cyanobacterial strains. Cyanobacterial extracts were prepared by using different solvents. The effect of these extracts was evaluated by disc diffusion method and by measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. Cyanobacteria spp. with the high antimicrobial activity was identified according to Microscopic and macroscopic characters and 16SrRNA sequences. Results: In this research, 54 cyanobacterial strains were isolated that six strains with significant antimicrobial activity identified as Gloeocapsa sp., Anabaena sp., Nodularia sp., Synechococcus sp., Leptolyngbya sp. and Chroococcus disperses. the highest antimicrobial activity achieved by the chloroform extract on gram positive bacteria and fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels for the cyanobacterial strains were ranged 20 to 80 µg/ml and Leptolyngbya sp. showed the highest effects on Candida krusei with MIC level 20 µg/ml. Conclusion: According to the results, cyanobacteria can be a source of production new antimicrobial compounds.the results showed that the filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena sp., Nodularia sp., and Leptolyngbya sp. produce active compounds against gram positive bacteria and yeasts.
Mohsen Sokouti, Eiraj Feizi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Hypocalcaemia is one of the severe complications of total thyroidectomy. This complication occurs due to parathyroid glands damage during operation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of transitory and permanent hypocalcaemia in patients who were subjected to total thyroidectomy and the role of the parathyroid autotransplantation on permanent hypocalcaemia . Methods: In this retrospective study, one hundred patients who suffered from malignant ( group I, 46 persons) and benign (group II, 54 persons) thyroid diseases and subjected to total thyroidectomy were included and preventing role of parathyroid autotransplantationon hypocalcaemia (permanent and transitory) was studied. Of 37 individuals of the group I who were treated with total thyroidectomy, 3 patients (subgroup A) were autotranspalnted with parathyroid glands and the rests (9 persons) who their neck lymph nodes were dissected radically and then undergone total thyroidectomy , 4 patients (subgroup B) were accomplished the autotranspalntation . In group II, just 2 patients were autotranspalnted. In overall, only in 9% of cases the autotranspalntations were done into sternocleidomastoid and deltoid muscle fibers. Results: Sixty seven percent of the patients were female with average age of 39.9 ± 10.8 years and 33% were male with average age of 37.2 ± 8.8 years. Seventeen percent of the patients showed transitory hypocalcaemia (13 persons in group I: 8 persons in subgroup A and 5 persons in subgroup B, 4 persons in group II). They were treated with intravenous and oral calcium supplements. None of patients progressed to permanent hypocalcaemia. The recovery rate obtained by the autotransplantation was significant statistically between two groups (p=0.006) and two subgroups (p=0.04). Temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis also occurred in 2% of patients but no paralysis was observed. Conclusion: The autotransplantation of injured or incidentally removed parathyroid glands into sternocleidomastoid or deltoid muscle fibers can prevent the permanent hypocalcaemia.
Sadegh Hazrati , Seiyedhosein Sabery , Hadi Peeridogaheh , Roghaiyeh Alizadeh , Hadi Sadeghi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Different factors increase risk of disease transmission in women's barbershop and disinfection of instruments, as a major preventive measure, plays an important role in the control of disease transmission . Therefore, present study was conducted to investigate the quality of barber tools disinfection in women salons in Ardabil in 2009. Methods : In a cross-sectional study , 96 women salons were randomly selected. Data were compiled using a questionnaire, observation, and recording results of microbial cultures from barbering tools and analyzed using χ 2 and descriptive statistics. Results : Personal shaving kits were being used only in 5.2% of barbershops and 56 % of barbers applied Micro 10 as a disinfectant of barbershop tools. 64.6 % of samples were microbiologically positive and Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 53 % of positive samples. Positive results were significantly higher in barbershops that did not follow standard procedure of tools disinfection ( p<0.0001). Conclusion: As a result of our study we suggest the following points to improve population health in the barbershops : training on proper disinfection techniques, promotion of Micro10 application and avoid of unhealthy behaviors in barbershops.
Fariba Sadeghi Movahhed , Parviz Molavi , Farid Gossili , Touraj Rahmani , Firouz Amani , Amir Masoud Rostami ,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders in the world. It causes disruption in daily activities and increases the risk of major depression. Hence, clinically the appropriate and persistent treatment of insomnia is very important. Using of hypnotic drugs such as benzodiazepines is the common treatment for insomnia but they show several side effects and it seems that new medications should be used for treatment of sleep disorders. The aim of this study was comparison between the effects of electromagnetic therapy and conventional drug usage in the treatment of insomnia. Methods: In a blind randomized clinical trial study, 60 people referred to the private office of the psychiatrist and experienced more than 3 months extended primary insomnia were selected. They were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria and had no other underlying problems. The subjects were divided in two groups: 30 people in each and treated electromagnetically or with Alprazolam for 3 weeks. Before treatment, immediately and one month after treatment, quality of sleep and severity of the insomnia were evaluated by using the standard questionnaires and finally, the results were analyzed statistically. Results : In this study, 60 individuals participated from whom 28 were male (46.7%) and 32 patients were female (53.3%).The mean age was 37.3 years old in a range of 17- 65. The mean point of each questionnaire, before and immediately after treatment significantly didn't show any difference but one month after treatment, there was a significant difference in both groups. Conclusion : To treat insomnia, electromagnetic therapy appears to be used as a replacement for sedative medicines. It also has more stability in comparison with other sedative medicines and no side effects have been reported yet.
Mohammad Reza Nasirzadeh , Alireza Nourazar, Mir Hadi Khayat Nouri, Leila Roshangar,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Following to estrogen depletion in postmenopausal womens, its cardioprotective effect decreases. Stroke usually occurs in women during the menopause years. Estrogen hormone therapy is still controversial. Epidemiological data suggest that phytoestrogens have a preventive effect on various estrogen-related diseases/symptoms such as menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular diseases. Some studies suggest that genistein as an important component of soy have cardioprotection effects but its role on inflammation and cardiomyocte injury remained to be elucidated. So, this study was goaled to investigate the cardioprotective effect of methanolic soy extract on heart tissue injures. Method: In this study 40 female rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: 1) Control (intact animals), 2) sham surgery (without ovarictomy), 3) ovariectomized (ovx), and 4) treatment (ovx and soy gavage) group that received 60mg/kg per day soy extract in drinking water for 28days (4 weeks). At the end of experiments, the rat heart tissue was processed histologically and the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to examine under light microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using the wilcoxon test. Results: The results showed that ovariectomy significantly increased inflammation and cardiomyocte injury and soy extract significantly promoted heart tissue recovery (p<0.05). Conclosions: This study indicated that oral administration of soy extract has a positive effect on attenuation of inflammation and myocyte injury in ovariectomized rat.
Ali Nemati, Reza Mahdavi , Eiraj Faizi, Abbas Nagizadeh Baghi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Chemotherapeutics induce side effects in patients with cancer . In animal models the intake of ω3 fatty acids during chemotherapy can increase the impact of chemotherapy drugs and reduce their side effects . This study was aimed to determine the fish oilintake on side effects of chemotherapy drugs in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: A double blind clinical trial study on 30 adult volunteer patients (15 experiments and 15 controls) with gastric cancer was conducted during chemotherapy in Ardabil, Iran, during 2010-2011 . Experimental and control groups were selected by randomized allocation. About 3 grams ω-3 fatty acid supplementation (1.8 g Eicosapentaenoic acid & 1.2 g Docosapentaenoic acid ) and placebo were given to experimental and control groups for 6 weeks, respectively . Then, the results of data were collected at the beginning, 4 and 6 weeks after intervention of ω3/placebo in both groups and analyzed by using descriptive statistics , Chi -Square , Independent sample t-test and Cochran,s Q test. Results: The results of this study showed that there were significant differences of nausea in both group of patients at the end of 6 weeks (p<0.05). A bdominal cramp and nausea significant ly decreased in experimental group during the study (p<0.05). Hair loss , vomiting and diarrhea were reduced in experimental group during the study, but these differences were not statistically significant . There were no significant differences in vomiting , diarrhea and hair loss between two groups at the end of intervention. Conclusion: The present study showed that the intakes of fish oil strongly reduce side effects of chemotherapy drugs such as nausea and abdominal cramp. So, this oil supplementation appears to be harmless and useful in patients with gastric cancer during chemotherapy .
Manoochehr Barak , Farhad Pourfarzi , Shima Jirodi , Gity Rahimi , Yasamin Pahlavan ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Nosocomial infections occur following admission of patients in the hospitals and usually are accompanied by significant mortalities. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of nosocomial infections and the causatives in Ardabil Bu Ali hospital during 2010. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which has been done on collection of information through practical examinations, laboratory tests and files of nosocomillay infected patients in Ardabil Bu Ali hospital during 2010. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: From a total of 3254 patients, 42 (1.3%) had got nosocomial infections. Of these infected patients 47.6% was males and 52.4% was females. Infection was more frequent in patients with ages between 1 month to1 year old (45.2%). Sepsis (33.3%), pneumonia and blood stream infections (23.8%) and urinary tract infection (19%) were the most frequent infections. The mean length of hospital stay was 26.86 days. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen reported (23.8%). Infection was more common in NICU (38.1%). Conclusion: In this study, the frequency of nosocomial infection was lower than other studies. Distribution of infection differed with age, ward and length of stay in the hospital.
Farhad Pourfarzi, Abbas Yazdanbod, Reza Daneshvar , Seiyed Hosein Saberi ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Colorectal cancer is considered as the third prevalent malignancy worldwide. Investigation of information on cancers in Iran during 1985-1996 showed an increase in the incidence and prevalence of colorectal cancer. Its rank in Iran has increased from 9 to 5th during 10 years. It was reported as high prevalent cancer in Iranian people aged less than 40 years among Asian countries. Methods: In this cases-control study patients with a pathologic report of colorectal cancer were recruited among those cases registered in Ardabil Cancer Registry. Control group were selected from neighbors, frequency matched for age and gender. Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire consisting information on age, gender, smoking, drugs and alcohol consuming, diet, family history of cancer and serum IgM and IgG level for H. pylori. Data were analyzed using SPSS v16. Results: In the current study, 43 persons (53.8%) were male and 37 (46.2%) were female. In the case group, 10 persons (12.5%) were under 40, 34 cases (42.5%) in age group of 41- 60 and 36 persons (45%) were more than 61 years. In the control group 12 persons (15%) were under 40, 36 persons (45.5%) in age group of 41-60 and 40 persons (68%) were more than 61 years. In the control group 3 cases had BMI less than 19, 36 cases (45%) between 19-24.9, 31 cases (38.8%) between 25-29.9 and 10 cases (12.5%) were more than 30, whereas this variable was 2.5, 32.5, 46.2 and 18.8% respectively in the case group. Positive history of smoking found to increase the risk of cancer around 1.8 times (OR= 1.78 CI: 0.91- 5.85). However, significant difference was not observed between two groups regarding alcoholic beverage consumption (p=0.385) . There were significant differences between two groups in terms of vegetables and carbohydrates intake. Difference was also significant between two groups regarding positive level of IgG. Among studied persons, 19 and 13 patients in case and control group had positive IgM respectively. Conclusion: Our finding showed an increased risk colorectal cancer in those consuming low vegetable and fruits and high carbohydrate consuming, having smoking history, positive family history of cancer and serum IgG level.
Homayoun Ebrahimian, Seyied Mohammad Firoozabadi, Mahyar Janahmadi, Mehri Kaviani Moghadam,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The development of technology has naturally given rise to an increase in environmental low-frequency electromagnetic fields and consequently has attracted scholars' attention. Most of the studies have focused on transmission lines and power system distribution with 50 Hz. This research is an attempt to show the effect of 50 Hz magnetic fields on bioelectric parameters and indicates the possible influence of this change in F1 cells of Helix aspersa . Methods: The present research used Helix aspersa neuron F1 to identify the location of magnetic fields as well as the rate of effects of environmental magnetic fields on nervous system. Control group was used to study the effect of elapsed time, electrode entering and the cell membrane rupture. Intuition group and environmental group were considered in order to study the potential impact of interfering environmental factors and identify the effectiveness rate of magnetic fields, respectively. For the purpose of producing uniform magnetic field Helmholtz coil was used. Electrophysiological recording was realized under the requirements of current clamp. And, in order to show the impacts from magnetic fields on ion channels Hodgkin-Huxley cell model was applied. All data were analyzed taking the advantage of SPSS 16 software and two-way ANOVA statistical test. P < 0.05 was considered as significance level. And MATLAB software environment and PSO were used in order for applying the algorithm and estimating the parameters. Result: No statistically significant difference was found between control and sham groups in different time intervals. Once the 45.87 microtesla was applied significant differences were observed 12 minutes after the application. The highest amount of change happened 14 minutes after the application of more fields. With the application of the field, the amplitude of the sodium action potential shows decreasing trend . No significant changes were observed in different time intervals, whereas significant differences were seen in frequency of action potential during different time intervals. The amplitude of AHP shows no significant changes . Conclusion: The results indicated that low-frequency magnetic fields with 50 Hz frequency will directly lead to change in bioelectric activities of neurons through a change in amount and rate of opening and closing of ionic channels and the conductivity of sodium and potassium channels reduces together with increase in conductance of potassium dependent calcium channel (AHP).
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