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Showing 55 results for Cancer
Elmira Gorbanzadeh, Mohammad Zaefizadeh ,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and its prevention is expected to increase in the future appreciably. Following the emergence of the new field of nutritional genetics and investigations about the effect of natural antioxidants on the hypermethylation of genes, this study was performed to measure the effect of Vaccinium arctostaphylos poly phenols and anthocyanins on PC-3 cell line as well as methylation and expression changes of GSTP1 gene.
Methods: In order to evaluate the survival potency of PC-3 cell line in a completely randomized design, MTT test was used and these cells were treated with different concentrations of Vaccinium arctostaphylos extract (4500, 2250, 1125, 562.5, 140.62, 70.31, 35.15, 17.57, 8.78, 4.39 µg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Expression level of GSTP1 gene was analyzed by Q-RT-PCR method in 2500, 1250, 625, 312 and 156 µg/ml concentrations of Vaccinium.
Results: Statistical results showed that Vaccinium arctostaphylos poly phenolic extract at 35-70 ppm concentration significantly reduced the survival rate of PC-3 cells. Moreover, compared to control cells, the expression level of GST gene significantly increased in PC-3 cells treated with 1250ppm extract.
Conclusion: Anthocyanin- polyphenolic extract from Vaccinium arctostaphylos can decrease the survival rate of cancerous cells and GST gene expression in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. This may be explained by changes in cell carcinogenesis pathway or CpG demethylation process.
Keywords: Vaccinium arctostaphylos; Antioxidant; Cancerous Cells; Prostate.
Background & objectives: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and its prevention is expected to increase in the future appreciably. Following the emergence of the new field of nutritional genetics and investigations about the effect of natural antioxidants on the hypermethylation of genes, this study was performed to measure the effect of Vaccinium arctostaphylos poly phenols and anthocyanins on PC-3 cell line as well as methylation and expression changes of GSTP1 gene.
Methods: In order to evaluate the survival potency of PC-3 cell line in a completely randomized design, MTT test was used and these cells were treated with different concentrations of Vaccinium arctostaphylos extract (4500, 2250, 1125, 562.5, 140.62, 70.31, 35.15, 17.57, 8.78, 4.39 µg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Expression level of GSTP1 gene was analyzed by Q-RT-PCR method in 2500, 1250, 625, 312 and 156 µg/ml concentrations of Vaccinium.
Results: Statistical results showed that Vaccinium arctostaphylos poly phenolic extract at 35-70 ppm concentration significantly reduced the survival rate of PC-3 cells. Moreover, compared to control cells, the expression level of GST gene significantly increased in PC-3 cells treated with 1250ppm extract.
Conclusion: Anthocyanin- polyphenolic extract from Vaccinium arctostaphylos can decrease the survival rate of cancerous cells and GST gene expression in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. This may be explained by changes in cell carcinogenesis pathway or CpG demethylation process.
Shahriar Hashemzadeh , Davood Imani , Reza Javad Rashid , Mohammad Kazem Tarzamani , Sajjad Pourasghary ,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background & objectives: 10 year survival rates for thyroid cancer is about 90%, but papillary thyroid cancer often spread to regional lymph nodes resulting in survival rate falls below 90%. In patients with thyroid cancer, cervical lymph node metastasis risk is about 20 to 50 percent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ultrasound results and the involvement of lymph nodes before thyroidectomy and compare it with the pathologic response after thyroidectomy in patients with non-medullary thyroid cancer.
Methods: 60 patients with thyroid cancer were randomly selected and entered into the study. Ultrasonographic examination of cervical lymph nodes was performed by two radiologists using an ultrasound machine in all patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Patients underwent total thyroidectomy and neck lymph node dissection by surgeon.
Results: In papillary thyroid cancer, there was a significant relationship between ultrasonographic results and pathologic outcomes in determining the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis before thyroidectomy. And also, there was a significant relationship between the results of ultrasonography and pathologic findings in determining the location of affected lymph nodes.
Conclusion: Compared to histological examination, ultrasonography can be a useful tool in determining the location of affected cervical lymph node in thyroid cancers before surgery.
Behzad Baradaran, Saeed Noorolyai ,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (1-2018)
Abstract
Backgrounds & objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Micro RNAs are a group of non-coding small RNAs that inhibit the translation of target mRNA. MiR-146a-5p, as a tumor suppressor, has abnormal expression in many cancers. In this basic research, our goal was to restore the expression level of miR-146a-5p to normal level and to investigate its effect on the expression of the MMP9 gene in HT-29 cells.
Methods: this study evaluates the effect of transfection of miR-146a-5p in HT-29 cell line. At first, the HT-29 cell line from colorectal cancer was cultured in RPMI-1640 culture media and then were transfected with miR-146a-5p using Jet-PEI reagent. qRT-PCR technique was employed to evaluate the expression level of miR-146a-5p and MMP9 genes. The statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6 software.
Results: According to the obtained data, the onset of the invasion and metastasis, in particular, at the final stage of colorectal cancer may be related to a reduction in the expression of miR-146a-5p. The results of the qrRT-PCR test showed that by increasing the expression level of miR-146a-5p in HT-29 cells, the expression level of MMP9 gene decreased in the miR-146a-5p transfected group compared to the control group.
Conclusions: According to this study, activation of metastatic pathways was due to the down regulation of miR146a-5p. Accordingly, miR-146a-5p can inhibits migration of these cells through down-regulating the expression of metastasis-related genes. Hence, miR-146a-5p can be a new diagnostic biomarker and new therapeutic target for CRC.
Navideh Haghnavaz, Faezeh Asghari, Zeynab Sattari, Monire Babaei, Tohied Kazemi,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most important cancers in women worldwide. Taxol as a chemotherapeutic agent, is used for treatment of breast cancer.The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the expression of mir-1246 and mir-224 in four breast cancer cell lines after Taxol treatment with the goal of introducing them as a biochemical marker for determining response or resistance of breast cancer to the Taxol therapy.
Methods: In this in vitro study, four breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SKBR-3 and BT-474 were cultured in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Then, MTT assay was performed to determine IC50 concentration of Taxol. Cells were treated for 24 hours and then RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. Alterations in the expression level of mir-1246 and mir-224 were quantitated using qRT- PCR.
Results: After treatment with Taxol, the expression level of mir-1246 was significantly up-regulated in two HER2-overexpressing cell lines, BT-474 (113 fold) and SKBR-3 (1.4 fold), and down-regulated in two HER2-negative cell lines, MCF-7 (45.5 fold) and MDA-MB-231 (7.7 fold). Expression of mir-224 was detected only in two cell lines including SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-231, and was down-regulated after treatment with Taxol (2.1 and 17.2 fold, respectively).
Conclusions: According to the different pattern of alteration in the expression level of mir-1246 in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines compared to HER2-negative cell lines after treatment with Taxol, this miRNA could be a useful biomarker for responsiveness to Taxol in different types of HER2-positive and -negative breast cancers.
Parisa Kerishchi Khiabani , Sayeh Bidaran ,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Allium cepa has anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to flavonoid compounds . Allium cepa can prevent the onset and progression of cancer by removing free radicals. In this study, the preventive effect of Allium cepa in preventing the proliferation of breast cancer cells in BALB/c mice was evaluated.
Methods: In the present study, Female BALB/c mice at 6–7 weeks of age were subjected to the abdominal mammary gland subcutaneous injection with 5×10 6 viable 4T1 cells. Eight mice were placed in 3 groups: healthy group, the patient without treatment and the experimental group. The experimental group received Allium cepa root juice, three weeks before induction of disease. Daily, each mouse in the experimental group received 0.1 ml / 100 g BW / day fresh Allium cepa root juice. Seven weeks after induction, the mice were exposed to deep anesthesia. During the test, the mice were weighed every other day and after the appearance of the tumor, by the end of the seventh week, the volume of the tumor was measured using digital caliper and the tumor mass was removed and weighed. The spleen was removed from the body and cultured in 1640-RPMI medium containing 10%, FBS, and ELISA test was used to measure IFN-γ and IL-4 levels. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18. One-way variance analysis was used to assess the difference between the groups and, if it was significant, Tukey's post hoc test was employed to determine the differences between the groups. Also, p-value less than 0.05 were considered as the level of significance for examining the hypothesis test and deciding whether or not to reject the hypothesis.
Results: The weight of mice in all three groups increased and tumor weight and tumor volume decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the patient group (sham) ( p<0.001, p<0.0001 respectively). In the experimental group, compared with the patient group, the levels of IFN-γ ( p<0.001) and IL-4 levels decreased significantly ( p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the use of Allium cepa can prevent and reduce the growth and proliferation of cancer cells and disease progression in breast cancer mouse model.
Effat Seyedhashemi, Elham Niasti, Nima Farahmand, Mohammad Mazani, Abbas Yazdanbod, Firouz Amani, , Seyyed Saeid Hossini-Asl ,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Gastric cancer has a very wide geographic distribution. Identification of the genetic factors involved in the cancer predisposition is very important. IL-1β as a pro inflammatory cytokine is involved in gastric acid secretion in the H. pylori infected individuals. This study was aimed to evaluate the role of IL-1β-511 polymorphism on the susceptibility to gastric cancer in residents of Ardabil province.
Methods: One-hundred patients affected with gastric cancer and 100 normal individuals were selected as case and control groups, respectively. After DNA extraction from peripheral blood samples, the presence of the polymorphism IL-1β-511 was determined via PCR-RFLP assay. The results were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Results: Among cases, CC, CT, and TT genotypes were observed in 19%, 60%, and 21% of individuals, respectively. Also, the distribution of genotypes among the participated individuals in control group was 4%, 67%, and 29%, respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between case and control groups.
Conclusion: According to this study, there was a significant relationship between IL-1β 511C allele polymorphism and gastric cancer in patients with gastric cancer in Ardabil province. It is indicated that some of the polymorphisms in IL-1β cytokine are associated with gastric cancer, and this finding would be used as a predictive value.
Fereshteh Ezzati Ghadi , Kian Aghaabbasi, Nahid Askari, Abdulla Ramzani Ghara , Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Colutea persica leaf and its synergic effect with doxorubicin were investigated on MCF-7, LNCaP and SKM (as control) cell lines.
Methods: Hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Colutea persica was prepared using maceration method and ethanol 70%. Breast cancer (MCF7), prostate (LNCaP) and fibroblast (SKM) cell lines were cultured in microplates (96 wells) and exposed to various concentrations (10, 7.5, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312 and 0.156 mg/ml) of plant extract and doxorubicin (20, 80, 320 and 640 nM) solution. The synergistic effect of 20 nanomol of drug and 0.156 mg / ml of the plant extract was investigated. MTT assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the extract on cell lines at different time intervals (24, 48 and 72 hours). Staining with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) was used to identify different types of cell death either necrosis or apoptosis.
Results: The plant extracts had cytotoxic effect and cell viability rate was lower than fibroblasts. At different times, the concentration of 10 mg /ml of the extract showed the most growth inhibition of breast and prostate cell lines. The combination effect of plant extract with doxorubicin on cells was not significant (p<0.01). The Annexin V/PI flow cytometry results showed that the percentage of initial apoptosis, delayed apoptosis and necrosis in treated cells increased compared to untreated cell.
Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of Colutea persica leaf inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis in breast and prostate cancer cells.
Leila Soltani, Maryam Darbemamieh,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Introduction & objectives: Application of traditional medicine and identification of herbs to treat cancer are being on the rise. Little information is available on the anticancer effects of Smyrnium cordifolium bioss species. For this purpose, the present study investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the alcoholic extract of S. cordifulium.
Methods: After preparing the plant and its alcoholic extract, different concentrations of the extract (0, 2, 10, 50 and 250 μg/ml) were added to the culture medium of MCF-7 cells. MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of different extract concentrations. In addition, acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining was used to assess apoptosis rates. Data was analyzed by SPSS software at the significance level of 5%.
Results: the results of this study showed that S. cordifolium extract at 250μg/ml concentration had a more inhibitory effect on proliferation compared to other treatment groups. Moreover, this concentration (250μg/ml) had a significant effect on apoptosis in comparison with other concentrations.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that alcoholic extract of S. cordifolium can partially reduce proliferation of cancer cells.
Mehdi Valizadeh , Esmaeil Babaei, Rasoul Sharifi, Abbas Yazdanbod,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Colon cancer is a common disease in the world that causes high mortality in affected people. The lack of appropriate diagnostic and prognostic markers has led to the failure in early diagnosis of colorectal malignancies. MicroRNAs play an important role in controlling the expression of target genes involved in the development and progression of colon cancer. The aim of the present study was the bioinformatics identification of microRNAs with distinct expression in cancerous and non-cancerous colon samples.
Methods: This type of study was theoretical bioinformatics and microarray data of 1513 colon cancer samples with the accession number of GSE115513 were obtained from the GEO site and marker genes were selected by using R program. Target genes of the identified microRNAs were provided by TARGETSCAN software and finally, the graphical network was plotted in Cytoscape software.
Results: Analysis of microarray data showed that has-miR-663b, has-miR-650, has-miR-17-5p, has-miR-4539 and has-miR-501-3p have biomarker potential in cancer samples. Statistical analysis and investigation of the target genes indicated that miR-663b (ROCAUC=0.8965, p=0.001) and has-miR-650 (ROCAUC=0.9104, p=0.001) had significant distinct expression between cancerous and non-tumor margins with biomarker potential.
Conclusion: The has-miR-663b and has-miR-650 genes can be used as diagnostic markers to distinguish colon cancer from non-cancerous samples
Faramarz Kouchaki Langroudi, Dr Maghsoud Peeri, Maryam Delfan,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases and the leading cause of death among women worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of five weeks of endurance training in combination with curcumin on the cancer progression, intratumoral gene expression of angiomiR-126 and Angiopoietin-1 in breast cancer bearing female BALB/c mice.
Methods: The present study was an experimental study. 4T1 breast cancer was transplanted into forty female BALB/c mice. Afterward, they were randomly divided into four groups including, a control group (C), an endurance training group (E), an endurance training along with curcumin (EC) and curcumin group (CC). E and EC groups performed 40 min at a constant running intensity corresponding to 60-65% vVo2peak at 0% inclination, 5 weeks (five days a week). CC and EC groups were treated by oral gavage with curcumin for five weeks (six days a week). Then, tumor tissue of all mice was extracted 24 hour after the last training session. Gene expression levels of miR-126 and angiopoietin-1 were determined by qReal-time PCR. Statistical data values were also measured by One-way ANOVA.
Results: The results showed a significant inhibition of cancer growth, increased gene expression of miR-126 (p<0.001) and decreased angiopoietin-1 gene expression (p<0.001) in E, CC, and especially E-C compared to control group. All of these changes were significantly greater in the EC group than in the other intervention groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that five weeks of endurance training with curcumin supplementation possibly have a further effect on decreasing breast cancer mass growth by inhibiting miR-126 /angiopoietin-1 axis compared to other interventions alone.
Homa Akhavan Aghghaleh, Najmeh Ranji, Hadi Habibollahi,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2021)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and Ardabil province is in the top ranks in the world. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with a length of 18 to 21 nucleotides and due to their regulatory role in post- transcriptional gene expression; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could affect their function on target genes regulation.
Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 150 healthy volunteers, which were born and living in Ardabil province, 30 SNPs in microRNA genes have been detected by the Whole Exome Sequencing assay. Then, the obtained results were evaluated using Sanger-based PCR-Sequencing method. The Pearson correlation test was used for finding significant relationships.
Results: After confirming the WES results, the population frequency of the selected variants was compared with the general populations of Iran, Europe and the world. Based on the age-standardized rate (ASR), six variants with significant differences, including rs10061133, rs12220909, rs12983273, rs2292832, rs2505901 and rs6505162 were observed.
Conclusion: According to the previous case-control studies which indicate the association between the variants rs10061133, rs12220909, rs12983273, rs2505901, and rs6505162 and gastric carcinogenesis in various populations, the observed significant differences in our population could imply on the presence of the cancer susceptibility in Ardabil province.
Aida Nahumi, Maryam Peymani, Hussein A Ghanimi, Asadollah Asadi, Arash Abdolmaleki,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: One of the functions of RNA editing is to change the RNA sequence without changing the genomic DNA sequence and changing the fate of cellular RNA. Therefore, studying the clinical application of RNA editing for targeted therapies is necessary.
Methods: All articles related to the subject of the study were searched in the Scopus,
PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar database.
Results: The changes that occur within the RNA editing are A to I base replacement by adenosine deaminase (ADAR) on RNA and C to U replacement by the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide1 (APOBEC1). Recently, the role of RNA editing in human diseases has been reported.
Conclusion: RNA editing can be used as a new strategy to identify new disease biomarkers and more personalized treatments for various diseases.
Yusef Hamidzadeh Arbabi, Rasoul Nemati, Hamed Rezakhani,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: One of the main effective factors in combating gastric cancer is having good health literacy in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the health literacy of gastric cancer in clients and patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Medical Center in Ardabil.
Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. The sample of this study consisted of clients and patients admitted to Imam Khomeini educational -medical center in Ardabil in the second half of 2019. The sample size was 320 people which were randomly sampled. Researcher-made tools were used after ensuring validity and reliability. The questionnaire had two parts: demographic characteristics and items of health literacy dimensions. Patients' informed consent was obtained before completing the questionnaire. Data were collected by nurses and entered into SPSS-26 software. By using descriptive and analytical statistical parameters such as frequency and frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA analyzed.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of participants was 42.98±14.35. The overall level of health literacy about stomach cancer was calculated as 31.13. The average gastric cancer health literacy in five dimensions in the clients and patients of Imam Khomeini educational-medical center in Ardabil was calculated as follows: access to health information resources was 38.02±10.6, reading health information was 13.47±4.41, understanding health information was 30.37±6.9, evaluation of health information was 16.73±4.58 and decision-making and application of health information was 58.49±10.77. Apart from reading in other dimensions of health literacy, no significant difference was found between clients and inpatients.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the mean score of health literacy of clients and patients admitted to Imam Khomeini medical center in Ardabil from gastric cancer is low and not sufficient. Considering the role of health literacy in energy storage, cost and time management of the individual's disease, it is necessary to plan and perform more efficient interventions to promote health literacy in the community, especially clients and patients admitted to Ardabil educational medical centers on gastric cancer.
Homa Akhavan Aghghaleh, Najmeh Ranji, Hadi Habibollahi,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is a type of malignancy that affects the digestive system. Symptoms of gastric cancer are often hard to detect in the early stages, and become more noticeable only after cancer cells have grown inside the stomach wall and spread to other parts of the body. The genetic code of the cancer cells is located within the genome. Synonymous and non-synonymous mutations are two subgroups of SNP codes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between genetic variants and susceptibility to gastric cancer in Ardabil province.
Methods: The distribution of variants in the genomic DNA of 150 volunteers from the general population of Ardabil was determined using whole exome sequencing. Databases such as Iranome, Alfa, GnomAD, and 1000G were used to compare allele frequencies. After calculating the frequency of variants using standard methods, Pearson correlation was utilized to statistically analyze their correlation with age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) for gastric cancer in related populations. A p-value below 0.05 was deemed statistically significant for all analyses. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.
Results: Significant differences in 19 variants , including rs10061133, rs1050631, rs12220909, rs12983273, rs1695, rs2274223, rs2292832, rs2294008, rs2505901, rs2976391, rs33927012, rs3744037, rs3745469, rs4789936, rs4986790, rs4986791, rs6194, rs63750447, and rs6505162 were found between the general population of Ardabil and other populations. A statistically significant difference was observed and reported at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels in relation to the correlation between the desired variants.
Conclusion: Results suggest a correlation between gene variants in carcinogenesis, highlighting the need for functional studies on gene cooperation in gastric cancer development.
Samira Shahbazzadegan, Mohammad Ali Mohammadi, Iraj Feizi, Faredeh Mostafazadeh, Rana Beheshti,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background: Fertility is one of the important challenges of women with breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer among women aged 20 to 49 is gradually increasing, and at the same time, there is evidence that the age of first pregnancy is also increasing, and this requires attention to these issues. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the fertility desire in women with breast cancer in Ardabil in 2024.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on women with breast cancer in Ardabil city using a census method. After obtaining the code of ethics and receiving an introduction letter and informed consent from the participants, data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and a specific fertility desire questionnaire for women with breast cancer. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: Data from 180 breast cancer patients were analyzed. The mean fertility desire was 37.86 ± 11.86, which was significantly lower than the criterion value (45) (p<0.001). The mean score of the disease control dimension was 17.81, which was significantly higher than the criterion value (14). The scores of the pregnancy risk, social support, and happiness dimensions were significantly lower than the criterion value (p<0.001). There was a significant relationship between the number of children and the method of adjuvant therapy with fertility desire (p<0.01 and p<0.04, respectively).
Conclusion: Fertility desire in women with breast cancer was low. The reason for the low desire to be fertile was related to the low disease control, social support, and happiness in patients, while it was not related to the risk of the disease. There was a relationship between the desire to be fertile with the treatment method and the number of children and age. The desire to be fertile was higher in women who used chemotherapy alone than in women treated with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Also, the desire to be fertile was higher in women with fewer children than in women with more children, and also women with younger age had a higher desire to become pregnant. The study results showed that young women with breast cancer need more attention regarding disease control, social support, and happiness.
Morteza Akbari, Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad, Ali Bahadori, Hossein Ghassemi-Moghaddam, Mojtaba Ziaee,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (4-2025)
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising and effective approach in cancer treatment by stimulating the body’s immune system to target and eliminate malignant cells. Despite its significant therapeutic potential, several challenges remain, including accurate patient selection, identification of appropriate therapeutic targets, and the minimization of adverse effects.
Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a critical role in addressing these challenges by analyzing complex genomic, proteomic, and clinical datasets. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms can accurately identify patients likely to respond to immunotherapy, enabling the development of personalized treatment plans while avoiding unnecessary interventions in low-response individuals.
A key application of AI is predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4. By integrating medical imaging and genomic data, AI models can forecast treatment outcomes, enhance diagnostic precision, and reduce healthcare costs. Furthermore, AI is increasingly used in drug development, where it simulates novel molecular structures and predicts their therapeutic efficacy, thereby accelerating drug discovery and lowering development expenses. AI also contributes to identifying and managing side effects, improving the safety profile of immunotherapy.
Nevertheless, the implementation of AI in oncology is not without limitations. These include the need for high-quality, annotated datasets, algorithmic interpretability, and ethical concerns such as data privacy, algorithm transparency, and psychological impacts of extensive genetic testing, excessive diagnostic testing, potential treatment discrimination, and unclear legal responsibilities.
This article concludes that with robust data infrastructure and the advancement of interpretable AI models, the full potential of AI in cancer immunotherapy can be realized. This synergy promises a major leap toward precision medicine and a brighter future in cancer care.
Mohammad Sadegh Soltan Mohammadzadeh, Sohrab Iranpour, Farhad Pourfarzi, Hajar Gholami,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background: this study aimed to examine the completeness of the sources of gastric cancer registration and estimate the incidence of gastric cancer using population-based cancer registry data in Ardabil province.
Methods: All diagnosed cases of gastric cancer from the years 2014-2016, recorded in three sources-pathology reports, death certificates, and hospital records-were included in the study. To eliminate duplicate cases, variables such as first name, last name, national ID number, age, gender, date of birth, father's name, and city of residence were used. For estimating the incidence rate, the three-source capture-recapture method and log-linear models were applied.
Results: The incidence based on reported cases by three sources in the years 2014, 2015, and 2016 was 36, 35, and 43 respectively, totaling 99 per 100,000 people (33% women and 66% men). Based on estimated cases, the incidence per year was 85, 63, and 92 cases, totaling 141 per 100,000 people (in men and women, 179 and 100 per 100,000, respectively). The highest sensitivity was related to the pathology source (observed 69.1%, estimated 48.5%), and the lowest was related to the hospital source (observed 18.2%, estimated 12.8%).
Conclusion: The incidence of gastric cancer in Ardabil province was 99 per 100,000 people based on reported cases and 141 per 100,000 people based on estimated cases. The pathology source had the highest sensitivity, while the hospital source had the lowest sensitivity.
Reza Alipanah-Moghadam, Zahra Farzaneh, Taghi Amiriani, Sara Hoseinzadeh, Vadoud Malekzade, Abass Naghizadeh-Baghi,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background: p53 is one of the important gene in suppressing tumor formation. Polymorphism of the p53 gene in codon 72 is associated with an increased risk of the cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the p53 codon 72 polymorphism in esophageal cancer patients.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted using 32 patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma and 32 healthy control subjects. The polymorphism of the p53 gene was determined by using the PCR-RFLP method. Serum P53 levels were evaluated by the ELISA technique.
Results: Our results showed that the frequency of arginine–arginine, arginine–proline and proline-proline genotypes were 18.75, 37.5 and 43.75 in the patient group and 9.53, 56.25 and 34.37 in the control group, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the mean serum levels of P53 protein in the patient group and the control group.
Conclusion: The present study showed that the predominant polymorphism in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the proline-proline polymorphism. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the proline-proline variant may play an important role in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and further investigation of it can lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Nasim Hajighahramani, Fatemeh Ghasempour,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, and finding effective treatments is essential. Among different cancer immunotherapy strategies, vaccines play a prominent role. This study aimed to design a multi-epitope peptide vaccine based on Virus-Like Particles (VLP) against breast cancer using computational methods.
Methods: Antigen sequences of HER2, MUC1, Alpha lactalbumin, Mammaglobin-A and the MS2 adjuvant were retrieved. T-helper (HTL) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) inducing epitopes were identified using servers such as IEDB, and their antigenicity and allergenicity were analyzed. Molecular docking was performed using HPEPDOCK between selected epitopes and corresponding MHC molecules. The best selected epitopes and adjuvants were connected by linkers. The designed vaccine’s properties, including allergenicity, antigenicity, solubility, and physicochemical properties were assessed. B-cells and IFN-γ inducing epitopes were identified. Finally, the vaccine’s 3D structure was modeled, refined, and validated.
Results: Epitopes from HER2, MUC1, Alpha lactalbumin, and Mammaglobin-A were identified through immunoinformatics analyses and selection of common HLAs in Iran. The 3D structure of the vaccine was designed, optimized, and validated, showing good stability, solubility, and antigenicity.
Conclusion: This study designed a VLP-based subunit vaccine with adjuvant properties that can enhance antigen presentation and induce robust B and T lymphocyte responses. The vaccine is a promising candidate for preventive or therapeutic use against breast cancer, though experimental and clinical studies are necessary to confirm its efficacy.
Parham Mansouri, Dariush Shanehbandi,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies, posing significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Recent research has highlighted exosomes and their non-coding RNA (ncRNA) cargo as key players in tumor progression and novel diagnostic tools. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (50-150 nm) secreted by normal and cancer cells that mediate intercellular communication. This comprehensive review examines the role of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in critical oncogenic processes including angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune modulation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that specific exosomal ncRNA contents may serve as sensitive and specific biomarkers for early detection, prognosis prediction, and monitoring of treatment response. However, challenges persist regarding standardization of exosome isolation methods and the need for expanded clinical validation. Advances in exosome research technologies hold promise for translating these findings into personalized medicine approaches. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathophysiological significance of exosomal ncRNAs in CRC and their clinical potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets, while addressing existing limitations and future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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