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Showing 28 results for Exercise
Abbas Mousavi, Allahyar Arabmomeni,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Flat foot is one of the most common physical and motor disorders among students. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three comprehensive corrective exercise protocols on the correction of flexible flat foot in boy students with overweight.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, which was performed as a pre-test, post-test with a control group, a total of 80 overweight students with flexible flat foot were selected purposefully and divided into four equal groups (n=20) randomly; (Theraband exercise, NASM, water resistance training and a control group). The experimental groups performed correction exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions with 45 minutes per week. Variables were measured at the baseline and after 8 weeks of correctional program. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance by SPSS 24 software at the significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The results of the study showed that the three protocols; Theraband exercise, NASM and water resistance training had a significant effect on the improvement of flexible flat feet in overweight male students with coefficients of 0.23, 0.32 and 0.15, respectively (p≤0.05). Furthermore, it was observed a significant difference between of these three corrective protocols on flexible flat foot.
Conclusion: These findings indicated that the three correction exercises have a significant effect on the improvement of flexible flat feet. Therefore, it is recommended trainers of rehabilitation centers and corrective movements use these training methods.
Ensieh Ahmadpour, Maghsoud Piri, Mohammad Ali Azarbijani,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background & objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly, threatening their quality of life. On the other hand, regular exercise is associated with improved brain health and cognitive function. However, the mechanisms of these benefits have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of moderate intensity interval aerobic training on cognitive function and expression level of PGC1α and VEGF genes in the hippocampus of old rats with AD.
Methods: For this purpose, 20-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of AD (n=8), AD+exercise training (n=8) and control (n=8). Intra-hippocampal injection of Aβ42 was used to induce AD. The animals in the exercise group performed moderate-intensity interval aerobic exercise for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. To assess spatial learning and memory, the animals underwent the Morris water maze test 48 hours following the last training session. Then, the animals were killed and hippocampal tissue was extracted. Real time-PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient at the significance level of p£0.05.
Results: The results showed that Aβ42 injection impaired spatial learning and memory function and reduced the expression level of PGC1α and VEGF genes in hippocampal tissue (p£0.05). Aerobic exercise improved spatial learning and memory function and increased PGC1α and VEGF genes expression (p£0.01). Also, a significant positive relationship was observed between the PGC1α and VEGF gene expression levels in the hippocampus (r= 0.859, p≤0.01). In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between PGC1α and VEGF genes expression and the mean time spent to find the platform (r= -0.9, p£0.01 and r= -0.750, p£0.01, respectively), and a significant positive relationship with the time spent in the target quadrant (r= -0.794, p£0.01 and r= -0.632, p£0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: In general, aerobic training improves spatial learning and memory performance in old animals with AD; up-regulation of the exercise-induced PGC1α/VEGF pathway in the brain, at least in part, appears to be involved in this adaptation.
Maryam Zolfali Pourfar , Farhad Rahmani Nia, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Dynamic disorders of mitochondria cause the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of aerobic exercises and atorvastatin consumption on the expression of MFN1/2 and DRP1 in hepatocytes of rat liver with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this experimental study, 25 male rats were divided into 5 equal groups: diabetes, healthy control, persistence+diabetes, atorvastatin+diabetes, persistence+atorvastatin+ diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. The training groups performed the running program on the treadmill for eight weeks. Atorvastatin and atorvastatin-exercise groups received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) by gavage. 48 hours after the last training session, the rats were dissected; their liver tissue was removed and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen solution at a temperature of minus 80 ° C to measure MFN1/2 and DRP1. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that induction of type 2 diabetes decreased the expression of MFN1/2 and increased DRP1 compared to the healthy group. After eight weeks of intervention, a significant increase was observed in the expression level of MFN1 (p<0.05), but this increase was not significant in MFN2 and there was no significant difference in the expression of factors between the groups. Also, after eight weeks, a significant decrease in DRP1 gene expression was observed (p<0.05). This decrease was significant in comparison with the combined groups compared to the patient group.
Conclusion: It is possible that a combination of aerobic exercises and atorvastatin may positively regulate the expression of genes related to mitochondrial dynamics in diabetes.
Ghasem Torabi Palat Kaleh, Abbas Sadeghi, Ahmad Abdi,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Obesity and a high-fat diet (HFD) lead to metabolic disorders in the liver by affecting the signaling pathways of fat and glucose metabolism. Exercise and dietary habits are of special interest to prevent and counteract obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Also, Capsaicin ameliorates diet-induced obesity in rodents and humans. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise and capsaicin on the gene expression level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt) in the liver of HFD rats.
Methods: in this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (ND, n=8) or high-fat diet (HFD) (n=32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet-training (HFDT), high-fat diet-capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a moderate- intensity aerobic running program (60-50% VO2max, at 15-25 m/min, 30-60 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) was administered orally, by gavage, once a day.
Results: Induction of diabetes was associated with decreased AMPK expression (p=0.0001) and increased Akt (p=0.0001). The results showed that training and capsaicin significantly increased AMPK expression (p=0.032 and p=0.045, respectively) and decreased Akt expression (p=0.045 and p=0.049, respectively) in HFD rat hepatocytes. Also, the interaction of training and capsaicin had a significant effect on the expression of AMPK (p=0.017) and Akt (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: The results showed that HFD impaired hepatocyte function and that aerobic exercise and capsaicin increased lipogenesis with increasing AMPK and decreasing Akt expression. However, the interaction effect of training with capsaicin was greater.
Parisa Habibi, Hadi Yousefi, Mehdi Khazaei, Mohammad Zarei, Iraj Salehi, Reza Jamali Delfan, Simin Afshar,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Menopause and especially acute menopause due to surgery is associated with many complications in women. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genistein and regular swimming exercise (alone/or in combination) on pain through a possible mechanism of inflammation and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.
Methods: In this study, rats were divided into six groups, including: control, sham, ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomized with eight weeks of swimming exercise training (OVX.E), ovariectomized with eight weeks of genistein administration (OVX.G), and ovariectomized with eight weeks of combined treatment (OVX.G.E). The effects of genistein and/or exercise were evaluated by examining the pain intensity with tail-flick and formalin tests. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated by ELISA and spectrophotometer.
Results: In the OVX group compared to the control group, tail-flick and formalin tests showed an increase in pain response. Also, a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, TOS and a decrease in TAC was observed in the OVX group, however, in the OVX.E, OVX.G and especially OVX.E.G groups, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress as well as pain responses showed a significant decrease compared to the OVX group.
Conclusion: A combination of genistein and regular swimming exercise was synergistically more effective in reducing acute and chronic pain than using them alone in the postmenopausal period.
Adele Naseri, Mohammad Shariatzadeh Joneydi, Arefe Naseri,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Brain trauma is one of the most common causes of damage to the central nervous system which can lead to death and long-term disability. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of 8 weeks of swimming exercise on the level of memory and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice with brain trauma.
Methods: 40 male NMRI mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, swimming, trauma, swimming + trauma). After completing the exercise protocol, induction of trauma was performed by the weight -drop method. Ten days after trauma induction, the mice were evaluated for spatial memory with Y-maze test. The IL- 10 level was measured using ELISA technique. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of p<0.05 and using SPSS software version 26.
Results: The study results indicated that eight weeks of swimming exercise significantly increase memory in mice with brain trauma (p=0.001). Furthermore, eight weeks of swimming exercise significantly increase the level of IL-10 in the hippocampus of mice with brain trauma (p=0.001). However, this increase was not significant in the prefrontal cortex (p=0.126).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that swimming exercise before induction of brain trauma reduces inflammation and memory disorders and facilitates recovery after injury. Previous exercise training can probably reduce inflammation by increasing the amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-10, and limit secondary damage with its protective effect.
Hamid Vasfi, Hamid Mohebbi, Marefat Siahkouhian, Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh, Abuzar Jorbonian,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
Background: Weight gain and obesity are the global health problem. Time-restricted feeding is a relatively new method of weight loss with many metabolic and anthropometric benefits. Low-intensity aerobic exercise also has beneficial effects on weight loss and metabolic factors; However, the combined effect of TRF and low-intensity aerobic exercise on metabolic and anthropometric factors in healthy overweight middle-aged men has rarely been investigated. The present research has investigated this purpose.
Methods: Among 55 volunteers, 27 healthy middle-aged men in the age (35 to 55) with overweight (25 The groups included: 1-TRF18:6 & EX 2-TRF 16:8 & EX 2-TRF 14:10 & EX. Three groups performed TRF protocols with different feeding times (6, 8 and 10 hours of free feeding) and fasting in the remaining 24 hours, and the same low -intensity aerobic exercise (55-65% of maximum heart rate). The interventions continued for 12 weeks. Blood and body composition tests were measured before and after the intervention. Daily food intake was measured before the intervention and during 12 weeks. Finally, all the data were analyzed.Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for analysis. P values less than 0.05 were considered as a significant criterion in all statistical tests.
Results: The combination of TRF and exercise decreased glucose and insulin resistance in all groups. Cholesterol and LDL decreased in the 6-h and 8-h TRF groups. HDL reduction was significant only in the 8-h TRF group. Weight and BMI were reduced in the 6-h and 8-h TRF groups. The percentage of fat reduced in the 6-h group. There was no significant difference between the groups for any of the variables. The average energy received in 12 weeks was not significantly different in any group; however the 6-h model caused a greater decrease in the average energy received during 12 weeks than in the other two groups.
Conclusion: The 6-h TRF model along with light aerobic exercise is suggested as the most reliable method to improve the metabolic and anthropometric profile in overweight middle-aged men.
Sheida Payamipour, Maghsoud Peeri, Mohammad Ali Azarbaijani, Forouzan Fattahi Masrour,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that gradually destroys the synovial joints and leads to chronic inflammation. This autoimmune disorder is associated with an increase in stress-related symptoms, including anxiety and depression, and a decrease in social behaviors, which severely reduces the patient's quality of life. Previous studies show that higher physical activity during adolescence may lead to a decrease in neurobehavioral disorders in adulthood. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the increase of physical activity from early adolescence on stress-related behaviors and inflammation in mice with rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: Male mice were randomly exposed to a running wheel from early adolescence to adulthood, and then rheumatoid arthritis was induced. Stress-related behaviors, including anxiety, depression and social behavior were investigated in animals. The level of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were also measured as important inflammatory markers in the serum.
Results: The results showed that physical activity from early adolescence significantly resulted in decreased stress in mice with rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the running wheel led to a decrease in the levels of (IL-17) and (IFN-γ) in rheumatoid arthritis-induced mice as two important indicators of inflammation.
Conclusion: This study shows that increased physical activity during adolescence to adulthood may make mice resistant to increased stress and inflammation caused by rheumatic arthritis.
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