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Showing 23 results for Type of Study: review article
Kamaloddin Hamidi Nokhostin,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
Enzymes have been used experimentally in the preparation of fermented, food, and medicinal products since mankind started a regular life in the form of early civilizations, without any information about their nature being available. It has been more than a century since scientists have obtained information about the enzymatic reactions and the enzyme structure, and a newer and more practical attitude towards them is obtained day by day. Today, these proteins play roles as biomarkers in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of diseases. Enzymes roles as receptor for some hormones and their qualitative and quantitative changes interfering in the onset of some diseases such as diabetes have been known. In addition, they are used as accurate and specific tools in the assay of some biochemical analytes, phenotypic identification of bacteria and biosensor design. The basis of the mechanism of some drugs is enzyme inhibition. Meanwhile, some enzymes are directly used as drugs. The enzymes are applied in some immunoassay techniques, genetics and proteomics laboratory methods. In modern biotechnology, enzymes are used to produce plenty of products. This review article aimed to take a new, updated and comprehensive approach to several roles that enzymes play in various fields from diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of diseases to their application in medical, genetics and proteomics laboratory methods.
Melika Izadpanah,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Endometriosis is a long-term health condition that is known as a significant factor in women's infertility issues nowadays. Since many factors contribute to the development of this disease and because diagnosis is difficult and typically happens late in the progression of the disease, early detection is especially crucial. Extracellular micro vesicles called exosomes have diverse biological molecules and can alter the behavior of recipient cells, influencing angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Exosomes are significant in cell communication and could act as new biomarkers for early detection of endometriosis. Hence, exploring and comprehending the impact of exosomes on the development of endometriosis can create opportunities for studying potential diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic interventions to prevent the advancement of the condition. This article delves into new approaches to diagnose and treat endometrial disorders by highlighting the various functions of exosomes in endometriosis.
Narges Khaghanzadeh, Fatemeh Javadi, Afshin Samiei,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease that accounts for approximately one million new cases annually. The treatment of this disease is complex and costly, particularly in developing countries. Numerous studies have been conducted on various vaccines utilizing live attenuated parasites, killed parasites, subunit antigens, recombinant vaccines, and DNA technology. However, an effective and widely applicable preventive vaccine for leishmaniasis has not yet been developed. Present study aimed to examine the progress in the development of leishmaniasis vaccines.
Articles for this study were selected from the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases using relevant keywords, focusing on subject matter, scientific quality, and publication date, with an emphasis on more recent publications.
Research on the development of leishmaniasis vaccines indicates that several candidates, such as Leishmune, CaniLeish, and Leish-Tec, which are at various stages of clinical trials, may serve as suitable options for controlling and preventing leishmaniasis in dogs. The LeishChim vaccine, designed using immunoinformatics and molecular docking techniques, has shown promising efficacy results in mouse studies. Additionally, the mutant gene-centered LmCen-/- vaccine has completed Phase 1 clinical trials in humans.
Given the importance of developing a leishmaniasis vaccine, research in this area continues. Utilizing immunoinformatics and biological modeling studies can aid in the faster identification of effective vaccine candidates.
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