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Showing 85 results for Mohammadi
Hesam Abdolhoseinpour , Mojtaba Malek , Mohammad Mohammadi , Gholamreza Bakhshandepour,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (Winter 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Delayd post-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (DTICH) is a kind of brain hemorrhage which occurs after the first six hours of the head trauma, and is not detected in the initial CT Scan taken from the patient in the first 6 hours after the trauma. As DTICH is one of the most important factors in occurance of secondary brain injuries in patients with head trauma, its early diagnosis and treatment could significantly decrease mortality and morbidity of these patientes. This diagnosis is a contraindication to anti-coagulant therapy. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of factors associated with DTICH incidence. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in Semnan trauma center. In this research all the patients with head trauma who referred to Emdad hospital between 2002 and 2004 were studied and the data about the delayed post-traumatic intracranial hemorraege (20 cases) were included. Then, beside determining the incidence of DTICH in the patients with hemorrhage, some risk factors such as headache, contusion, reduction level of conciousness, skull fracture and impact intensity to the head were compared with a control group (40 cases) who had head trauma without primary or delayed hemorrhage. The groups were age and sex-matched. The data were analyzed using Chi-aquare and computing odds ratio. Results: This study showed that the frequency of DTICH was 10.6%. There was a meaningful relationship between DTICH and skull fracture, reduction of conciousness level, contusion and impact intensity. But, there was no meaningful relationship between DTICH and intractable headache. Conclusions: The results indicated that cases such as skull fracture, contusion, impact intensity and findings such as the reduction of consciousness in patients with head trauma (with no hemorrhage in the first CT scan), can be the risk factors for DTICH.
Ghodrat Mohammadi, Masoud Naderpoor ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (Winter 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Otosclerosis is one of the causes of conductive hearing loss in different ages, the diagnosis of which sometimes becomes difficult using clinical and audiological symptoms. The early diagnosis and surgical treatment of this disorder will give a normal hearing to the patient. The goal of this study was to determine the role of exploratory tympanotomy in revealing the patients with hearing loss as a result of otosclerosis which is impossible to be diagnosed based on clinical and audiological, symptoms. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 33 patients (18 females and 15 males) with conductive hearing loss suspected to otosclerosis, who were admitted to oto-rhino-laryngology department of Imam Khomeini hospital from 1999 to 2003 and underwent exploratory tympanomy. In 30 patients (16 females) otosclerosis was revealed during operation all of these patients underwent stapedectomy. During three weeks after surgery, the patients were examined in terms of facial paralysis, non-response to treatment, deterioration of hearing ability, dizziness, the probability of tympanic perforation and other complications. Audiological tests were also studied. The obtained data were recorded and compared with findings of other researches. Results:The prevalence of the disease in women was more than men, and the majority of the patients had referred to be treated in the third and fourth decade of their life, while they had a history of hearing loss from the second or third decade of their life. The positive family history was below compared to other studies, but conductive hearing loss was more prevalent. This treatment led to hearing improvement in majority of the patients. Conclusions: Considering the proper time for stapedectomy is very important since better results can be abtained if the patients are operated with lower degrees of hearing loss. Thus, exploratory tympanotomy leads to early diagnosis and treatment in patients with conductive hearing loss suspected to otosclerosis.
Hasan Anari, Farhad Salehzadeh , Ramin Mirmohammadi , Simin Monshari ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (spring 2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Developmental dislocation of hip (DDH) as an inherited joint disorder results from external location of the head of femora from the acetabulum.Early diagnosis of this disorder is very important and any delay may result in long life handicap. Nowadays new methods such as sonogrphy are recommended in diagnosis of this disorder. Radiology and physical examination are traditional methods. This study was designed to evaluate the results of sonographical, radiological and physical examination findings in 100 infants who were suspected to have DDH. Methods: This analytical-cross sectional study was done in private clinics from June 2004 to June 2005. The one hundred infants who were suspected to have DDH in physical examination entered the study. A questionnaire was completed for each infant, and then sonography and radioghray have been done for them. The data were collected and analyzed by statistical programs. Results: Among 100 infants 48% were female and 52% male, with mean age 42±7.23.In 44% they were the firstborn.58% had normal delivery and 42% cesarean section. 15% had breech presentation. In 28% radiological and 56% sonographical methods showed findings in favor of DDH. Conclusion: This study showed, simultaneous physical and sonographic examination especially during the first month result in early and precise diagnosis of DDH, on the other hand it does not have radiologic side effects.
Siyavash Savadi Oskuee, Parnian Alizadeh Oskuee, Narmin Mohammadi , Soodabeh Kimiaie, Hosein Vatandoost ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (spring 2007)
Abstract
Background and purposes: Because of huge growth of snack food industry in the last few years the nation’s eating habits are undergoing major transformation with a replacement of traditional main meals by more frequent snacking. Dietary changes have been notable in children and particularly students so they are the major consumers of these foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the snack and sweet drinks consumption at school times and its relationship with first molar cavities level in a group of students . Methods: The study was carried out in a group of 400, 8-12 year-old boy students in Area 5 Tabriz school. Data were collected through simple examination and questionnaire completed by a interveiwer. Findings were analyzed with descriptive statistic methods and chi-square Test . Results: The findings showed that nearly all the students (91%) had one or more snack or sweet drinks at school time. Biscuits, dried berries and raisins and packed fruit juice were the most popular. First molar cavities as expressed in DMFT increased significantly with high intake of snacks. Conclusion: Snack and sweet drinks consumption is high among Tabriz students, and first molar cavities level is increased with high snacks intakes.
Nayereh Amini Sani , Manoochehr Barak , Seyedmorteza Shamshirgaran , Firooz Amani , Saadollah Mohammadi , Benyamin Fazli ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Summer 2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) occurs in developing countries, and diarrhea and respiratory infections are the main causes of infant mortality and morbidity. This study was done to find out whether there was a growth or morbidity response to zinc supplememttion, among LBW infants during the first 6 mo of life. Methods: The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trial study. LBW infants were given daily for 6mo 5mg zn, or a placebo. Questionnairs were filled out during the study by a pediatrician and a GP. Anthropometric measurements were made at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 wk via home visits by trained interviewers. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in zinc and placebo groups. Weight gain in zinc group was significantly higher that of placebo group between 1 to 6 months (p=0.036). Length and head circumference gain were also greater in zinc group than in placebo groups, (p=0.04, p<0.001). The episodes of upper respiratory infections was greater in placebo group than zinc group (mean Episodes in zinc groups= 1.7 and in placebo group was 3) and there was significant difference between two groups (p=0.005). 8 Cases of lower respiratory infections in placebo group and 5 cases in zinc group were observed, but it was not significan diarrheal episods were observed only in placebo groups. Conclusion: It was found that low birth weight infants had better growth and lower morbidity during the first 6 months of life by receiving zinc supplementation.
Fariba Kahnamouei, Mohammadali Mohammadi, Farideh Mostafazadeh, Afshar Ebrahimi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Summer 2007)
Abstract
Backgrond & Objectives: Oligohydramnios is a disorder which is followed by unpleasant outcomes for fetus that can lead to termination of pregnancy before term and preterm delivery. For these patients' increase in gestational period and prevention of preterm delivery is the most important act. In this study the effect of intravenous and oral hydration therapy in increasing duration of gestation in patient with oligohydramnios was evaluated. Methods: In this study, the population was devided into two case and control groups with 30 female individual who were found to have oligohydramnios in course of hospital admission according to on sonographic results. Patients were randomly put in case or control groups. Case group were given 3-4 liter normal salin for 1 week and then were given oral hydration solution until the end of pregnancy, In each group whenever it was found that pregnancy was not possible the pregnancy continuance was stopped. Data collection was through history, physical examination completing relevant questionnaire and findings of sonography and in order to see the relationship among finding s, kitest and t-test from SPSS software were used. Results: The age means of case and control groups were 25 and 24 respectively. The mean of pregnancy duration from the diagnosis time in case group was 30.2 weeks and in control group 31.8 weeks. The mean of pregnancy terminatior in case group was 34.6 weeks and in control group 34.2. In increasing duration of pregnancy in case and control group. It was concluded that intravenous and oral Hydration therapy cause incerease in duration of pregnancy in patients suffering from oligo Hydraminos. According to the results of this study and significance of the difference.
Behnam Mohammadi Ghaleh Bin , Esmaeil Fallah, Mohammad Asgharzadeh, Abdolhasan Kazemi ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Summer 2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Cryptosporidium is a coccidian protozoan parasite. This organism is one of the main causes of severe, long-time and life-threatening diarrhea in immunocompromised persons. It is also among the most prevalent diarrheal agents in children. Cryptosporidial epidemics occur after consumption of water which is contaminated by oosit species of cryptosporidium. Water is usually contaminated by animal feces or by drainage of waste water into drinking water resources. Methods: In this study, from ten regions 200 water samples were collected, filtered by 1.2 micron papers and then positive samples were identified in terms of cryptosporidium using PCR method. Finally the related species were detected by RFLP method. Results: Nested-PCR showed 8 samples were positive for cryptosporidium that according to RFLP of PCR products 5 samples belonged to cryptosporidium andersony, 2 samples belonged to cryptosporidium parvum bovine genotype and 1 sample belonged to cryptosporidium pig genotype. Conclusion: Since Cryptoridium andersony and cryptosporidium parvum bovine genotype are the common species in animals and cryptospovidium swiss is seen in wild animals (pigs and boars), it so we conclude that animal reservoirs have the main role in the contamination of related water resources in this region.
Ali Mohammadian Erdi , Nahid Manochehrian,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Summer 2007)
Abstract
Backgrond & Objectives: Perioperartive shivering is a common complication which interferes with monitoring of patients and it increases oxygen consumption (up to 500%) which can be life-threating in patients with a low cardio pulmonary reserve. This study compared the efficiency and complications of two perioperative antishivering drugs. (Tramadol and Meperidine). Methods: All of the 70 patients under went cesarean section with spinal Anesthesia, were categorized in two groups of 35 persons, and treated as clinical trial, double blind with tramadol and meperidine. Then they were compared in terms of the interval between administration of drugs and stoping of shivering and their complications. Results : The mean age in patient were 27 years, youngest one was 17 and the oldest was 39 years. The average interval of stopping of shivering during tramadol using (2.57 min) is less than meperidine (6.24 min). The frequency of nausea and vomiting in meperidine group was more than that of the tramadol group. Regarding the incidence of pruritus and sedation after using of drug in both groups, there was no considerable difference between them. Respiratory and pulse rate changes, and decreasing of arterial oxygen saturation in post injection period to preinjection period of meperidine, didn't show any significant changes. In systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes, there was no significant change in both groups. Conclusion: Perioperative shivering treatment by tramadol is better than meperidine because of its faster onset of stopping of shivering and its low complications in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.
Habib Ojaghi, Rahim Masoumi, Masoumeh Mohammadi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (Spring 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: one of the most common causes of Epiphora or lacrimation or recurrent infection is Dacryocystitis. The Dacryocystorhinostomy operation, which involves fistulization of the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity may alleviate the symptoms. Since the routine usage of silicon tube in DCR operation for reducing the replapse has been a controversial issue, This study was done to investigate the rate of success of DCR operation
with silicone tube.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which all of the patients (189) who had history of DCR at Sina and Alavi hospitals were asked to continue the treatment after the operation through contact or follow up from home. So the results of their records were analyzed statistically.
Results: 102 out of 189 patients had history of operation who had referred for follow up, in terms of most prevalent symptoms, epiphora and purulent discharge was the highest 55.6% and the second one was epiphora alone 29.1%. The operation prevalence was more in women 74.1%. than in men 25.9% and unilateral involvement 97.3% was more than bilateral one. The highest age prevalence in DCR operation was 30-60 years. The surgery was successful in 82.3%. It was a little more successful in men (85.7%) than in women and the mean age of patients with successful DCR surgery was more than that of patients with unsuccessful DCR surgery.
Conclusion: The results showed that the rate of recovery in unilateral involvement is more than that of bilateral involvement. Also, success after the operation in patients whose primary complain was only purulent discharge was significantly more than those whose primary complain was epiphora and purulent discharge, It also seems that routine application of silicon tuby in DCR surgery has no effect in the increase of recovery and decrease of disease
recurrency which of course more prospective studies are required to prove this.
Behrooz Dadkhah, Mohammad Mohammadi, Shahnaz Poornaseri, Naser Mozaffari, Davood Adham,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (Spring 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Emphasiz to the research in any country leads to develop and progress of it, and it presents the self- sufficiency and real independence for that country .The first step to optimize the research in society is to obtain the correct understandding from
capabilities, possibilities and to find the weakness and strength aspects of investigations. This study aspeet's of has been done regarding the above-mentioned aims.
Methods: This was a descriptive-cross-sectional study, that has been done to determine the view of Ardabil province Universities scientific members' about research and its limitations by simple sampling. Data collection tools were questionnaire including two parts: the first part, consisted of personal-social specifications and the second part, consisted of five parts (personal, intra- organizational, extra-organizational limitations, characteristics and their attitudes to research.
Results: the results showed that in related to the personal limitation overworking with mean 2/75±2/48, in the intra-organizational limitations, to be low the investigation payment in relation to the passed time with mean 3102±1/14 ,in the extra-organizational ones, ineffectiveness of the investigation results in managers decision 2/81±/44, in the characteristics, sensitivity of the scientific research 2/8±1/17 and in to promote and progress of the society , with mean 4/72 ± /53 had the highest scores.
Conclusion: many factors such as parsonaling, intra-and extra-organizational and characteristic factors, attitude to research on the view of scientific members of the restriction factors
Ghodrat Mohammadi, Yalda Jabbarimoghaddam,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (Spring 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Hemorrhage is one of the most common complications of the tonsillectomy that needs accurate intraoperative control. Different techniques are used for its control. The present study was carried out to compare the hemostasis efficiency of electro coagulation with that of suture legation following tonsillectomy operations under identical conditions.
Methods: The prospective study from 2004-2006 was done on 100 patients. Homeostasis was done by suture legations on one side and bipolar diathermy electro coagulation on the other, in the same patients. Then we compared the length of operation, volume of intra-operative hemorrhage, post-operative pain, immediate and late post operative hemorrhage. All of operations were done by the same surgery team and all of data were analyzed in SPSS 14 by paired T-test and Macnemar.
Results: In our series of 100 patients, the mean length of operative time was 8.6 minutes for hemostasis by bipolar electrocoagulation procedure, and 11.3 minutes for suture legation (P< 0.005). Intraoperative blood loss volume by electro coagulation were 9.6cc and by suture legation 12.7 cc (P< 0.005). In 88 patients no difference was in post operative pain but in 7 patients suture legation site had more pain and in 5 patients bipolar caused more pain. With CI 95% there was no significant difference between them.
Conclusion: Electrocoagulation was found to be more effective, easier, and faster than suture legation. Therefore, we recommend this type of hemostasis for children whose length of operation and volume of blood loss is important for them.
Mohammadghasem Golmohammadi , Hasan Azari , Mohammad Mardani , Ebrahim Esfandiari , Radnili Rietze ,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (Summer 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: It is now clear that the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ) contains a population of neural stem cells (NSCs) that give rise to neurons and glia. Owing to their rarity, and a paucity of NSC-specific markers, the neurospher assay (NSA) is a common and selective method for isolating and understanding the biology of embryonic and adult neural stem cells. There are different methods for neurosphere growing from different regions of the CNS including Lateral ventricles. The objective of this study is introducing a new and effective strategy for more neurosphere firming from the SVZ of the adult mouse brain lateral ventricle using NSA. Methods: Two different methods were used in order to isolate and culture the SVZ of the lateral ventricles using NSA. In the first method (Ritze and Reynolds method) the rostral part of the SVZ of the lateral ventricles was dissected into single cell suspension and cultured using NSA. In the second method (vibratome resecting of the brain) after cutting the brain into 400 µm serial sections using a vibratom, the SVZ was microdissected from all sections of rostral part of lateral ventricle and cultured separately, using NSA. Primary neurospheres were counted seven days after plating. Then the mean numbers of neurospheres generated in two different methods were compared. Results: The mean number of neurospheres generated by sectioning method was much higher than the one generated using first method (P<0.0001). The distribution and frequency of neurosphere forming cells (or NSCs) is not the same along the antero-posterior axis of the rostral part of the lateral ventricle. The greatest frequency of neurosphere forming cells was detected in 0.74mm rostral to the bregma. Conclusion: Second section method, due to more neurosphere generation, in comparison with the first method is more appropriate and efficient for neurosphere forming from the SVZ of the lateral ventricle.
Davood Adham, Parviz Salem Safi, Mohammad Amiri, Behrooz Dadkhah, Mohammadali Mohammadi, Naser Mozaffari, Zekrollah Sattari, Saeid Dadashian,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (Autumn 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Since the students majoring in different Fields of medicine are going to play key roles regarding Community health in the future, it seams necessary to characterize problems threatening their mental health. This study was performed in order to evaluate students’ mental health status in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 352 students were selected through census and were requested to fill out general health questionnaire (GHQ) with 28 questions as well as personal information questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi- square.
Results: The findings indicate that students have problems in physical (1.7%), and social function (4.3%), anxiety and insomnia (2.3%) of them suffer from severe depression (2%). Also according to cut point (23) 22.7% students were suspected of mental disorders. In this research, there was no significant difference in mental disorders between male and female students, but there was a meaningful relationship between status with paternal educational degree and family size and mother's job (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: according to the findings, student's psychological evaluation and counseling service in different fields to promote student mental health, is recommended
Akbar Pirzadeh , Masoud Entezari , Abdollah Mahdavi , Mohammadali Mohammadi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (Winter 2008)
Abstract
Background and objectives : Voice problem is the most common problem in singers and the prevention of this problem and clearance of voice is the cause of voice quality improvement in these people. So this study was carried out to" determine the traditional methods for prevention of voice problem in religions singers at Ardabil city". Methods: This survey was a descriptive (cross-sectional) study. In this study 43 religious signers were selected. Then singers completed a questionnaire that consisted of data about age, sex, duration of singing, history of Voice problem and the prevention methods that they used. Data were analyzed with SPSS software and descriptive statistics. Results: The findings showed all of samples were male. Most of them were 24-44 years old. All of them used their voice in Moharram and 15 persons (34.4%) in Ramadan and 8 cases (18.6%) sang in other months. Clearance of voice was often seen in summer (79%) and Voice problem often was seen in winter (67.4%). 36 singers (83.7%) experienced Voice problem that in most of them (32.6%) its duration is 2 days. Resting and well nutrition were the common methods for prevention of voice problem. Most of singers used corticosteroids and changed singing method to a treble voice. Conclusions: The rate of voice problem in religious singers was higher than that of the general population, and it was often seen in special months. Duration of voice problem was low in most of them. Change of singing method and corticosteroid therapy was the common way of its treatment.
Hosein Alimohammadi, Nasrin Fouladi , Firouz Amani , Mehran Safarzade, Farhad Purfarzi , Effat Mazaheri ,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (Winter 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis parasitical disease. Infection with Toxoplasma gondii in transmission of parasite to fetus or its reactivation among immune-compromised persons can lead to server clinical symptoms. The aim of study was to determine immune level of Toxoplasmosis among women who were to get married and have referred to Health Center of Ardabil. Methods: In this study 272 blood samples of women who had referred to health center of Ardabil in 2007 were collected. Samples were tested with ELISA method to detect Anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG Antibodies. Results: The tests showed that 42.3% of women were IgG Positive, 57.2% were IgG negative and 2.6% women were IgM positive and also IgG positive. They have ( IgG positive women) 11.3% family history of abortion, 96.5% eating raw vegetables, 92.2% eating half cooked meat, 89.6% not washing the vegetables with disinfectants, 29.6% animal contact, 57.4% contact with raw meat and 94.8% used piped water. Conclusion: Since 57.7% of women who were to marry in Ardabil city were negative from the view point of Toxoplasmosis, health education for elimination of risk factors especially within pregnancy period seems mandatory.
Ali Mohammadian, Mojgan Khanbabazadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (spring 2009)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Every organization which is a provider of service or a product is always responsible for seeking clients, comments as feedbacks so to identify the shortcomings and on the basis of their comments, plans can go through the growth and improvement. The present study, from the view of client tendency, is aimed at measuring the rate of Ardabil University of Medical sciences students’ satisfaction with the practices of faculties, educational management, student-cultural management and the counseling unit. Methods: In this descriptive study, 705 students from all faculties were questioned. The main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire in which, in order to assure the adequacy of the concept in, measurement, content validity was used and it was applied according to the comments of some instructors. To confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, 10 subjects were chosen and the questionnaires were distributed and then collected. After 15 days of interval from the first administration, the readministration on the same group was done and the reliability of the test became 0.86 using Alpha cronbach. The data in the first stage were investigated through descriptive statistical methods SPSS 13 and in the next stage in order to determine the difference between group comments, the independent T-Test and ANOVA were used. Results: None of the units of the university got scores above average and the two units of education in the faculties and education management got an average score from student satisfaction and the mean of other units was below average. Native students of the university were more satisfied with the faculties and educational management whereas the mean of nonnative students, satisfaction was higher in student-cultural management and the counseling center. Conclusion: Student dissatisfaction with the func? of student-cultural management and the counseling unit is a shortcoming which requires the people in charge to take necessary measures to improve the quality of affairs.
Ali Mohammadian, Saeid Sadeghieh, Jaleh Saeidian,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (spring 2009)
Abstract
Background and objective: Injuries account for 16% of global burden of diseases and causes a great deal of mortality and morbidity. Today, amputation is one of the biggest challenges facing us and may accompany serious functional, psychosocial and personality disorders in communities. Therefore, we decided to assess the causes and types of traumatic amputation in patients referring Ardabil’s Fatemi Educational Hospital from 2005 through 2006. Methods and materials: The present study was descriptively & analytically) retrospective in which the data were collected using a questionnaire. Our study population included 218 cases referring Ardabil Fatima educational Hospital for amputation from the beginning of 2005 through the end of 2006. Results: In this study, the mean age of injured cases is 28.9±19.1 and men were also injured three times more than women. Most of the cases attended in summer between 8:00 Am -8:00 Pm. The number of cases among city dwellers and residents of rural areas were almost equal and most of the cases (39/6%) were illiterate. Most of the cases were injured outdoors especially in their workplace. The most commonly seen cause of amputation was tools used in farming and husbandry especially mower. Most of the amputations (50/5%) were total and unintentional (99.5%). Most of the injuries were seen in upper extremities (94.5%), hands and especially fingers (97%) conclusion: Based on the obtained results, male workers are at a higher risk. Most of the injuries occurred during the work hours and amputation caused by tools used in farming and husbandry has a high prevalence. This is probably due to the unsafe and old structure of these tools.
Farideh Ebrahimi Taj, Abdolhasan Mohammadi Khangah, Mojdeh Ramezani, Khatereh Anbari,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (autumn 2009)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Intradermal Purified Protein Derivative PPD test is a reliable test assessment of primary mycobacterial infection. In this test the specific antigen is Purified Protein Derivative (PPD). The reaction were assessed by touching, the induration's diameter after 48 &48hours. We compared the induration's size 48 and 72 hour in this study. Methods: At this semi experimental study a 5 unit PPD was administered to 120 healthy medical students. Results: The measurements made at 72 h were significantly (4.22 mm) (p<0.001) higher than those made at 48h (2.79 mm). The reading taken at 72 h were 1.47mm larger than at 48 h recovery. There were significant differences between induration size of 48 and 72h between male and female. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that, in adults, the size of the 5 U Monteux reaction is significantly larger at 72h compared to the reaction at 48h. We suggest to read PPD after 72 hours if the PPD is negative after 48 hours.
Ali Abedi , Babak Teimorzade, Mehran Zarifi , Vadood Norouzi, Hashem Sezavar , Mostafa Mohammadi Naghade, Saeid Khamane, Rasool Lotfolahzade,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (summer 2010)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Tobacco usage is one of the most common problems in human societies that, In addition of getting several social, economic and health effects, it can cause respiratory, digestive and bladder cancer, also chromosomal and blood factors changes. Little study has been done about hookah effects on human. The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary function tests in hookah users in Ardabil city. Materials & Methods: In this case – control study, 133 male subjects which have used hookah 3 times a day for at least 3 years or more, were selected from Coffee house of ARDABIL city and then pulmonary function tests were carried out at least triplicate. For comparison of pulmonary parameters, the same number of healthy subjects without hookah consumption in the same age and socioeconomic status were used and spirometery was done. The data were analyzed with SPSS 11 software program and presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was assayed by student’s t-test for unpaired data and the differences were considered to be significant at the p<0.05 level. Results: Age range of hookah smokers and normal subjects was 17-78 and 20-82 years old, respectively. Age average of hookah smokers and normal subjects was 44.37 ± 14.9 and 41.54 ± 14.46 years old, respectively .Mean differences of age was not statistically significant. The average of PEF, FEV1%, FEV1, FEF25-75 and FEF 25 in hookah smokers were: 7.73, 83.11%, 3.56, 3.81, 6.32, respectively and in normal subjects was: 8.51, 85.69%, 3.78, 4.35, 7.29 respectively. The mean differences between two groups were statistically significant in each parameter (p < 0.05). In this study, there were 27 (20%) COPD patients in hookah smokers. Ten percent of hookah smokers had FEV1% less than 70. Conclusion: The results showed that using hookah disrupts pulmonary function parameters. So as cigarette, using hookah may have devastating effects on respiratory system. Knowing about effects of hookah to people, especially to young is necessary.
Reza Mahdavi , Ali Nemati , Eiraj Feizi, Mojtaba Amani , Hosein Alimohammadi Asl, Mohammad Mazani M, Phd4; Nagizadeh Bagi , Abbas , Ali Shadman , Reza Alipanah Mogadam, Asghar Pirzadeh, Mousa Ghayour Nahand,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (summer 2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Consumption of ω3 fatty acids supplementation inhibits oxidative stress injury, increases activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreases lipid peroxidation in gastric cancer patients. In this study, we examined effects of ω-3 fatty acid intakes on oxidative stress in gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This double blind clinical trial study was conducted on 30 adult patients (15 cases and 15 controls) with gastric cancer during chemotherapy in Ardabil city in 2010. Case and control groups were selected by randomized allocation. Three grams ω -3 fatty acid supplementation (1.8 g EPA & 1.2 g DHA in 10 g fish oil) and placebo were given case and control groups for 45 days, respectively. Anthropometric indices (weight, height & BMI) were measured. Blood samples were taken and then biochemical factors including triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, MDA, and total antioxidants were evaluated at the beginning, middle and end of the study . The data were analyzed by using Paired sample t-test, Independent sample t-test and repeated measures test. Results: MDA, Weight and BMI of omega group after intervention were significantly more than control group at the end of the study (p<0.05). Weight and BMI were decreased but serum MDA was significantly increased in control group during the study (p<0.05). Weight, BMI , and total antioxidants were significantly increased in omega group during day 30-45, (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in other biochemical factors at the end of study. Conclusion: The present investigation shows administration of ω3 fatty acid supplements to gastric cancer patients during chemotherapy increases the total antioxidants capacity and prevents the enhancement of oxidative stress.
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