Background & Objective: Respiratory tract infections causes 4.5 million children death in the world annually that occur mostly in developing countries like Iran. Bacterial and viral pathogens are responsible for this event and Adenovirus is one of the major responsible agents. According to multiple survey, incidence of viral pathogens in different world region is different so local survey is needed to describe regional incidence of different viral pathogens. Rapid test for detection of respiratory pathogens help us to select appropriate treatment and avoidence of antibiotic overusage. So abuse the aim of this study was to evaluate incidence and clinical presentation of Adenovirus infection in children in Tehran with rapid test.

 Methods:�This study is a descriptive-cross sectional analysis. All 3 month to 15 year old children with upper respiratory tract infection that come to OPD of Rasol-e-Acram Hospital in one year(1385) are included.

  Direct smear of patient’s throat was evaluated by rapid chromatography test for adenovirus infection. SPSS software was used to analyse the data.

  Results: 160 children with upper respiratory tract infection with a mean age of 61.5 months were evaluated. 57.5% were boys and 42.5% were girls. 77.4% had fever, 66% had sore throat, 37.4% had cough, 27% pharyngeal exudate, 16.4% had abdominal pain, 15.7% had vomiting, 13.8% had cervical lymphadenopathy, 10% had diarrhea, 5.7% had petechea in palate and 1.9% had conjectivitis. They admitted 24% in spring, 14.1% in summer, 23.1% in fall and 38.5% in winter.

  Adenovirus infection was detected in 10(6.3%) cases, 4(40%) boys and 6(60%) girls with mean age of 83.7(SD=58.5). they were detcted 20% in spring, 30% in summer, 30% in fall and 20% in winter.

  Conclusion: Adenoviruses are responsible in 6.3% of upper respiratory infections in children. They become less prevalent with increasing age. Its prevalence did not obey seasonal pattern. Fever and sore throat are most common clinical signs and cervical lymphadenopathy is more prevalent in adenovirus infection than others.

  Background & Objective: Tuberculosis is more prevalent in developing countries and death from tuberculosis meningitis is strongly associated with delays in diagnosis and treatment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been incorporated as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The rapid results and greater sensitivity compared to traditional microbiological methods makes PCR a suitable technique in tuberculosis, especially in tuberculosis meningitis, when diagnosis is difficult or when rapid diagnosis is needed. However, the possibility of false positive and false negative results must be considered. The aim of this study was to compare the conventional bacteriology (culture Ziehl- Neelsen staining) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis.

 Methods: This study included 25 clinically diagnosed patients that were suspected to have tuberculosis meningitis and 10 other bacterial or viral meningitis patients were investigated. DNA was extracted from CSF and the NESTED PCR using specific primers were done.

 Results: In 25 samples, Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was detected in 9 (36%) by PCR, 2(8%) and 1(4%) with culture and direct smear was obtained, respectively. whereas no DNA bands were detected in patient with the other 10 meningitis. The entire procedure was repeated and the same result was obtained.

 Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that PCR is a powerful method for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis. In a way that it decreases obtaining the results from several weeks in bacteriological methods to one to two days, especially in smear negative patients. This is very important in tuberculosis meningitis because it is a medical urgency and needs rapid diagnosis and early treatment.

  Background & Objectives: There are several methods for PDA closure. This study compared results, complications and cost effectiveness of surgical and nonsurgical PDA closure with coil.

  Methods: Patients who admitted in Shahid Madani Hospital in 2005 surgical and nonsurgical closure of PDA were included in this study. Data were obtained from patients units. All cases followed up for six months. Data were analyzed thorough SPSS.

  Results: From 21 patients of nonsurgical method in two cases (9.5%), coil embolizations were occurred to pulmonary artery, that they were removed in cath lab and then refered to a surgery unit. One case (4.5%) has residual shunt at PDA, that who was waiting for second coil. In six month follow-up, PDA completely was closed in 18 (86%) patients and no complications were seen.

  In surgical method there were 42 patients. In six month follow-up, there were residual shunt in 2 (4.7%) cases and chylothorax in 1 (2.3%) patient, transient left diaphragmatic paresis in 2 (4.7%) and transient vocal cord paresis in 2 (4.7%) cases were seen.

  Mean at hospitalization and ICU, laboratory tests and radiographic examinations in nonsurgical method were significantly less than surgical method (P<0.0005). There was no significant difference in drug cost between two methods (P= 0.793). Mean cost of instruments and total hospital cost of the patients in nonsurgical method were significantly more than surgical method for high cost of coil (P<0.0005), but men payment of patients to the hospital in two groups did not have any significant difference (P= 0.056).

  Conclusion: In general, PDA closure through nonsurgical method had better and effective results and complications. However, it is more expensive.

Background & Objectives:�Stroke is the third most common cause of death after heart disease &cancer and the most common disabling neurological disorder. The incidence increases with age, and is somewhat higher in male than in female. The main risk factor of stroke is hypertension. In last years incidence of stroke has decreased due to improvement of hypertension treatment but due to occurrence of cerebrovascular accident with normal blood pressure, in many patients with stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of mortality and morbidity in stroke patients with hypertension & normal blood pressure.

Methods:�This descriptive retrospective study, evaluated 8121 patients with stroke who were admitted at hospital (1997-2006). The inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. Data was gathered through check list and analyzed by SPSS soft ware 10 edition and the results were compared with each other.

Results: The total mortality and morbidity rate of stroke was 13.59% who 19.3% of patients with high mean blood pressure and 10.2% of patients with normal mean blood pressure were expired due to stroke. The mortality based on age in two groups was similar and more frequent in 65 to 74 year olds. The rate of mortality and morbidity in patients with high mean blood pressure in male and female were similar but in normal mean blood pressure cases were more frequent in male than in female. Hemorrhagic stroke was the most common type of stroke in hypertensive patients (59.55%) and in normotensive patients, ischemic stroke was more frequent (37.7%). The duration from admission to death was similar in two groups and the death was highest within 72 hrs after admission.

Conclusion:�Since mortality and morbidity according to age had no significant difference in both groups. It seems other risk factors are effective in evaluating cerebrovascular accidents (prognosis).

  Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP), also known as anaphylactoid purpura is a common vasculitis of small vessels with cutaneous and systemic complications. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura is often associated with an infection, and a wide variety of noninfectious agents have been implicated in its pathogenesis. However, its association with entamoeba histolytica has once been reported. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy with HSP, diagnosed by HSP criteria and observation of numerous cysts and trophozoites of E. histolytica on stool smear. The patient was treated with steroid unsuccessfully but following anti amebic therapy signs and symptoms of disease were disappeared and the patient discharged from the hospital.

  Background & Objectives: Mastalgia is a common breast disorder affecting lots of women during reproductive ages and leads to cancer phobia in some women. It increase clinical referring and disturb the social activities and familial communities. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, sonogarphical and mammographic findings in patient with mastalgia.

  Method: This cross-sectional study was done on 160 patients with mastalgia who referred to gynecologic clinic, Yahyanejad hospital, Babol University of medical sciences. They were examined by gynecologist, then in patients under 35 years sonography and older than 35 years mammography was done. Other information including age, menarche age, age of first pregnancy, number of delivery, history of oral contraceptive usage or hormone replacement therapy, family history of cancer, knowledge of diet recommendation for mastalgia and correlation of mastalgia with menstrual cycle were recorded for all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS10.

  Results: The mean age of patients was 34.8±9.9. Tenderness was observed in 122 (76.3%) patients. Fibrocystic disease was seen in 42 (53.2%) patients in mammography and 50 (40.3%) in sonography. There were normal findings in 29 patients (36.7%) in mammography and 60 patients (48.4%) in sonography.

  Background & Objectives: Mastalgia is a common breast disorder affecting lots of women during reproductive ages and leads to cancer phobia in some women. It increase clinical referring and disturb the social activities and familial communities. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, sonogarphical and mammographic findings in patient with mastalgia.

  Method: This cross-sectional study was done on 160 patients with mastalgia who referred to gynecologic clinic, Yahyanejad hospital, Babol University of medical sciences. They were examined by gynecologist, then in patients under 35 years sonography and older than 35 years mammography was done. Other information including age, menarche age, age of first pregnancy, number of delivery, history of oral contraceptive usage or hormone replacement therapy, family history of cancer, knowledge of diet recommendation for mastalgia and correlation of mastalgia with menstrual cycle were recorded for all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS10.

  Results: The mean age of patients was 34.8±9.9. Tenderness was observed in 122 (76.3%) patients. Fibrocystic disease was seen in 42 (53.2%) patients in mammography and 50 (40.3%) in sonography. There were normal findings in 29 patients (36.7%) in mammography and 60 patients (48.4%) in sonography.

  Background & Objectives: Esophageal carcinoma has more prevalency in northwest of Iran. Relapsing dysphagea after esophagectomy is one of the common delayed complication. It emerges due to technique of surgery. Reflux and or leakage in anastomotic area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and etiologies of dysphagea after esophagectomy and postoperative endoscopic dilation results.

  Methods: This is a retrospective discreptive study, during 2000-2005 at Imam Khomeini hospital, all patients who had esophagectomy because of esophageal carcinomas entered this study. Data collected from medical records, Primary tumoral diagnosis, operation endoscopy, dysphagea, histopathological findings, Postoperative complications, especially dysphagia and it’s etiology, and different methods of therapy, reoperation and or endoscopic dilatation were studied.

  Results: Among 324 patients 81 patients had esophagectomy for esophageal carcinomas. In eighteen patients (22.2%), dysphagea reappered after operation. Rate of dysphagea in patients with carcinoma of lower one third area was 5.3 times greater than middle third of the esophagus. Mean time between first hospitalization and second hospitalization due to relapsing dysphagea was 10.03 months. The main cause of relapsing dysphagia in 88.24%, was benign stricture in anastomotic area. 17 patients with endoscopic dilation and one patient with surgical stricturoplasty, were treated.

 Background & Objectives:�Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD) is common gynecology problem in women. It is defined as a menstrual pain that occur in absence of pelvic pathology. PD is common reason of women and girls’ absence from schoole. Pain is main complain of PD but other systemic symptoms like headache, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, irritability and dizziness are common. Many chemical drugs have been used to cure dysmenorrheal, but each has its own side effects.

  Cinnamomum zeylanicum has been used as an anti-spasmodic agent in traditional medicine .�

  Methods : This study was a placebo-control, triple blind and randomize clinical trial. We research. The efficacy of C. zeylanicum on severity of symptoms with PD Severity of symptoms were assessed. Data were collected by question validated questionnaires. The subjects of study were 47 single women, who sufrred from primay dysmenorrhes, They were randomly selected and their age use between 18-30 years old. We divided them two group, 26 case women in (treatment group) whom needed capsules contain C. zeylanicum and control group whom revided placebo capsules. administered as soon as onset of pain feeling or bleeding, five capsule a day and continued for minimum three days. Severity of systematic symptoms was assessed with Andersch & Milsom verbal multidimensional scoring system. Data were analyzed through by SPSS software.

  Results: The mean age of women in case and control groups were 20.69 ± 1.93 and 21.7+4.6. There was a significant differences (p<0.001) in the Severity of pain between two groups. The severity of all the systematic symptoms decreased in both groups, but this reduction was not significant between two groups. No significant difference was seen for systematic symptoms between twogroups. In this study, had not been observed any side effects by using of C. zeylanicum .

  Conclusion: The results our study should that C. zeylanicum�can be effective in reducing the severity of dysmenorrheal, but C. zeylanicum has no sufficient effect on relief of systematic symptoms accompanying with dysmenorrhea.

  Background & Objectives: Adherence to a diabetic diet is one of the most important aspects of diabetes management. Compliance with a diabetic diet has usually been described in terms of total intake. We examined indexes of the use of specific foods that would normally be either recommended or prohibited by Food Frequency Questionnaire.

  Methods: In order to study the dietary habits of the patients with type II diabetes 228 outpatients with type II diabetes referring to Ardabil Diabetic Clinic were randomly selected.

  Results : A common diabetic diet was reported by 87.8% of women (N = 115) and 77.1 % of men (N = 74). The dietary habits of the patients showed their awareness of limiting use of simple sugars. Use of foods with high simple sugars (e.g.: honey, jam, soft drink) were low among the patients. Potato was consumed by 58.8% of the female and 74.2% of the male, and of 43.8% of the subjects used mulberry with tea.�

  Conclusions: Our result showed that there should be a greater focus on counseling, education and improving dietary of patients with diabetes.