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Showing 22 results for Antibiotic
Mehrnoosh Kaviani, Mouhamad Hassan Pourrashid, Saeedeh Galledar,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are commonly prescribed drugs by dentists. Irrational use of these drugs can lead to unwanted drug side effects, such as drug resistance in addition to unnecessary costs. This research was conducted to determine the antibiotic prescription pattern by dentists of Ardabil City based on the international ATC/DDD system.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 250 prescriptions of patients referred to dentists in Ardabil during the second quarter of 2021 were examined. The information related to prescribed drugs includes: drug dose, frequency of drug use, number of drugs that were collected and completed in the dental offices and clinics of Ardabil city, and finally after converting the data into a certain daily dose based on the ATC-DDD system, acquired data was analyzed using One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests and SPSS version 21 software, the significance level was considered less than 0.05.
Results: Out of the total 250 reviewed prescriptions, 207 prescriptions (82.8%) contained antibiotics. Metronidazole (73.4%) and amoxicillin (70.5%), were the most antibiotic drugs prescribed by Ardabil dentists respectively. In all prescribed drugs, the DDD value was higher than the standard DDD value. There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of the number of copies (p<0.05). The highest frequency was related to the prescription of three drugs and the lowest frequency was related to the prescription of six drugs. In terms of pharmaceutical forms, 201 prescriptions (97.1%) were only oral drugs and 6 (2.9%) were both oral and injectable
Conclusion: The results showed that the amount of antibiotics prescribed in prescriptions was higher than the standard DDD and the number of drugs prescribed in prescriptions was also higher than the figure recommended by the World Health Organization.
Saghar Jafari-Ramedani, Fereshteh Hasanpour, Alireza Mohammadnia, Farzad Khademi, Aida Alinezhad,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections. This bacterium is continuously increasing its resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, posing significant challenges for clinical treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trend of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa from 2019 to 2023 in hospitals in Ardabil city.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized 200 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from urine, respiratory, wound, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients who visited Ardabil hospitals between June 2019 and May 2023. The sensitivity and resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to antibiotics-including piperacillin, piperacillin / tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, tobramycin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, and colistin-were assessed using the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods.
Results: Over a period of 4 years, the resistance of P. aeruginosa to various antibiotics was observed as follows: piperacillin 45.5%, piperacillin/tazobactam 31%, ceftazidime 44%, cefepime 46%, aztreonam 12%, imipenem 67.5%, meropenem 52%, amikacin 43%, tobramycin 45.5%, netilmicin 39.2%, ciprofloxacin 55.5%, ofloxacin 62%, norfloxacin 53.5%, levofloxacin 55.5%, and colistin 9%. It is worth mentioning that the trend of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa to all tested antibiotics increased during the first and second years, decreased in the third year, and then experienced a significant increase again in the fourth year. Throughout this period, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa has also been on the rise.
Conclusion: The present study confirmed that the overall trend of resistance to various antibiotics among P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients in Ardabil is on the rise.
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