Background & Objectives : Smoking is one of the major problems in the world today. It threatens people ’ s health. Pregnant women are no exception in this regard. Today, it is found that smoker women bear low birth weight babies, but the studies don ’ t offer clear findings about passive smoking in pregnancy and its effect on weight and height of newborns. This study is an attempt to determine the effects of passive smoking on the weight and height of the newborn babies.

  M ethods : This was a retrospective cohort study. We studied 100 pregnant mothers who were exposed to cigarette smoke and 100 others who were not. A checklist was completed in order to select those who could enter the study. A questionnaire was then filled out for both groups including the information related to the newborns ’ physical specifications.

  Results: This study showed that the average age of the mothers, their education, their husband ’ s education, number of pregnancies and the sex of babies born weren ’ t meaningfully different between the two groups. In the case group the mothers were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2.36 ± 2.28 hours on average and most of them (72%) were exposed to their husbands ’ cigarette smoke. The findings also indicated that difference in weight, height and head circumference among two groups ’ newborns were 11 grams, 0.15 cm and 0.02 cm respectively. The T-test indicated no significant difference between the two groups.

  Conclusion: The study showed that the newborns ’ of mothers exposed to the smoke had lower weigh, height and head circumference than the babies ’ of the control group subjects although the difference was not statistically significant.

 Background & Objectives: Breast Cancer is among the most common types of cancer in women which in case of early diagnosis and treatment can increase women’s chance of survival. This study was performed in two case and control groups.

 Methods: This case-control study which was based on hospital records was conducted on 303 breast cancer patients and 303 control women. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS using Chi-square.

 Results: The study revealed that there were significant differences between the cases and controls with regard to knowledge (p<0.001) and practice (p<0.001) of breast self-examination. 61% of the cases and 32% of the controls mentioned BSE as a necessary measure for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. 76% of the cases and 47% of the controls were not aware of the proper time for BSE (p<0.001). More than two-third of the subjects in each group did not know the proper time and the necessity of BSE in menopause and pregnant women and these was a statistically significant difference between two groups in this regard (p<0.001). Women in case group had done more frequently than controls (p<0.04). Moreover, the BSE intervals in two groups was statistically significant (p<0.01). There was also a significant difference between the reasons of refusing to do BSE in two groups (p<0.05). Subjects in neither group had regularly referred to a physician for examination and early diagnosis.

 Conclusion:�Since the knowledge and practice of women and their referring to a physician for breast examination is inadequate, it seems necessary to devise educational program about doing monthly BSE and hold educational courses to promote women’s knowledge concerning the early diagnosis of breast cancer as well as its appropriate and regular performance.

 Background and Objectives: Three major semen parameters that involves on male infertility are sperm count, motility and morphology. In 50% of couples referring to physicians, because of infertility, male factor, solely or accompanying with female factor is responsible of infertility. Some of drugs are used to improve the semen parameters. The goal of this study was to study the effect of pentoxifylline on semen parameters (count, motility, morphology, volume of semen).

 Methods: Sixty one patients with impairment in semen parameters were selected and semen samples requested from each participant for analysis before treatment. Then patients were treated with pentoxifyllin, 400 mg three times a day, for three months. After that we took semen specimens again and analyzed them.

 Results: Mean total sperm count in case group before treatment with PF was (17 millions) and after treatment with PF reached to (21 millions). In 68.9% of patient, Sperm count increased (p<0.001) Mean motile sperm percent in case group before treatment with PF was 19.42% and After treatment with PF reached to 28.78% and 88.52% of patient this parameter increased (p<0.001). Parameter motility showed the most important after treatment. Mean normal morphology of sperm percent in case group before treatment with PF was 24%and after treatment with PF reached to 26.39% and in 32.8% of patient this parameter increased (p<0.001).Mean semen volume in this group before treament with PF was 1.95ml and after treament with PF reached to 1.93 ml. There was no significant variation in semen volume after treament with PF. (p=0.321)

 Conclusion: Results show that Pentoxifylline has significant efficacy for increasing sperm count, motility and morphology correction (specially for sperm motility). Considering that oral PF is safe and cheap, with easy application, we can use it for improving semen parameter’s quality before performance ART.

  Background & Objectives: Antibody-based radiopharmaceutical drugs are the great current interest in imaging and radiotherapy of cancers, and provide an important tool for target-specific delivery of radionuclides to specific antigens in the diseased tissues. The monoclonal antibody avastin binds, neutralizes VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) and blocks VEGF-induced angiogenesis in tumor tissues. In this study, the complex of avastin and beta particle was investigated as a first step in the production of a radiopharmaceutical drug.

  Methods: Antibody of avastin was prepared and purified. The antibody was conjugated with freshly prepared DOTA-NHS and then labeled with ¹⁵³Sm-samarium chloride (185 MBq). The efficiency and in vitro stability of antibody labeling were determined using thin layer chromatography. The integrity of the radiolabeled antibody was checked by SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) protocol. Biodistribution study of ¹⁵³Sm-DOTA –Avastin was performed in BALB/c mice at 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection.

  Results: The efficiency of antibody labeling was more than 98%. The in vitro stability of the labeled product in human serum after 120h was 83 ±2%. There was no fragmentation in the labeled antibody during SDS-PAGE protocol. The highest (%ID/g) was observed in the liver, lungs and kidneys.

  Conclusion: The monoclonal antibody avastin against angiogenesis was effectively radiolabeled with ¹⁵³Sm. The Biodistribution study showed that it has a high specificity to accumulation in tissues with enriched blood vessels.