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  Background & Objective : The fast population growth is one of the basic problems in Iran and using family planning devices has a remarkable role in decreasing it. The findings of researches carried out nationwide indicate the effectiveness of instruction in the application of family planning methods and devices. The objective of this study is determining the level of knowledge of 15-49 year-old women under Ardabil health and treatment center services.

  Methods : 138 qualified mothers were chosen randomly from among 15-49 year-old women under Ardabil health and treatment centers services. These subjects were selected from among 14 centers (10 mother from each center) and had secondary school level of education. This descriptive cross-sectional and prospective research was conducted by filling out the pre-planned questionnaire and preparing educational booklets and giving them to the mothers under the study as pretest and post-test procedures during the time span of December 2000 to May 2001.

  Results : No meaningful relationship was found between employment and utilizing family-planning devices. The results of Mc-Nemar test and t-test showed that statistically the instruction given with regard to the method of beginning to take anti-gestation pills, method of the intervals of taking the anti-gestation pills, taking measures at the time of forgetting to take anti-gestation pills, the preference of vasectomy to tobectomy, the interval between the injection of anti-gestation ampoules and the duration of IUD effectiveness before and after studying the manuals demonstrated a significant difference.

  Conclusions : Education plays an important role in increasing the knowledge level of the population under study and hence it improves their performance about family planning. So this instruction is recommended to be followed seriously.

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  Background & Objectives : In spite of effective advances in diagnosis and management, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is a major health problem in industrialized world and an increasingly important problem in developing countries. Considering the role of age and gender in Myocardial Infarction (MI) and socioeconomic and cultural changes in Iran in recent decades which can affect the epidemiology of the disease, we aimed to determine trend of changes in age and gender of patients with first STEMI in recent decade.

  Methods :�This observational cross-sectional study was based on completing check lists for patients with first STEMI in Rasul-e-Akram Hospital from 1998 to 2007. The Data were analyzed with ANOVA, chi² and Mann-Whitney tests at = 0.05 using SPSS 14.

  Results :�Out of 1829 patients with first STEMI, 76.4% were men and 23.6% women who had mean age of 59.09 ± 12.7 years totally. The mean age of men (56.9 ± 12.2 years) was significantly lower than women (66.1 ± 11.6 years) (p < 0.001) ­.

  Trend of change in mean age for men, women and overall had no specific patterns of change in 10 years. Premature MI occurred in 15% of patients without any particular change during study period. No statistically significant change in proportions of gender and risk factors was seen in a period of 10 years. The most common risk factors were smoking (43.7%) and hypertension (32.8%) respectively. 23 . 7% of patients had hyperlipidemia and 18.8% were diabetics.

  Conclusion: Trend of changes in age and gender of mentioned patients had no significant change over 10 years which can indicate main role of biologic factors. Although this was an observational study unchanged major risk factors in a decade may mark out inadequate primary prevention.

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  Background and Objectives : The risk of coronary artery disease increases with increasing of blood pressureboth in hypertensive and normotensive persons on the other hand nutritional factors have asignificant effect on blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to assess theeffect of caffeine on blood pressure in sedentary healthy male during resistance exercise.

  Methods: In single-blind crossover study , twenty healthy and non-athlete male in the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili randomly selected and stratified according to age and BMI into twogroups: caffeine and placebo. The subjects performed repetitions to exhaustion at 60% of 1RM for any motion of chest press, leg press, squat and lat pulldown, 1 hour after taking caffeine (6 mg/kg body weight) or Placebo (similar dosage of starch). Blood pressure (BP) was measured before and 1 hour after taking caffeine and also immediately after any exercise. Data analysis was conducted using independent and paired t-test.

  Results : Results indicated that systolic and diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure significantly elevated following caffeine intake at rest, but no significant differences were observed after exercise.

  Conclusion: These findings indicate that caffeine at this dosage level alters cardiovascular dynamics by augmenting arterial blood pressure in moderately non-athletes male at rest. However, it seems that taking caffeine before resistance exercise does not cause abnormal elevations in blood pressure in sedentary healthy male.

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Background & objectives: Ectopic eruption is a disorder in which the tooth does not follow its usual course and if not diagnosed in a timely manner, leads to occlusal problems. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar and canine in patients referred to Ardabil dental school.
Methods: By observing the panoramic radiographs, recorded from 2016 to 2017, the frequency of ectopic eruption of first permanent molars in children aged 5 to 8 years and permanent canine in children aged 10 to 13 years was determined. The frequency distribution based on sex, involved jaw, unilaterality and bilaterality were evaluated using Chi-Square test.
Results: the frequency of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar and permanent canine was 2.1% and 6.4% respectively. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ectopic eruption of the first molar, based on the patient's gender (p=0.366), jaw (p=0.132), and unilateral or bilateral involvement (p=0.366).Also, there was no significant difference between the frequency of ectopic eruption of permanent canine and the patient's gender (p=0.384), unilateral or bilateral involvement (p=0.056). The ectopic eruption of the permanent canine in the maxilla was greater than the mandible (p=0.012).
Conclusions: In this study, the frequency values of ectopic eruption were 2.1% and 6.4% for the first permanent molar and permanent canine respectively that were in the range of other studies reported from other populations.
 

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Background & objectives: Colon cancer is a common disease in the world that causes high mortality in affected people. The lack of appropriate diagnostic and prognostic markers has led to the failure in early diagnosis of colorectal malignancies. MicroRNAs play an important role in controlling the expression of target genes involved in the development and progression of colon cancer. The aim of the present study was the bioinformatics identification of microRNAs with distinct expression in cancerous and non-cancerous colon samples.
Methods: This type of study was theoretical bioinformatics and microarray data of 1513 colon cancer samples with the accession number of GSE115513 were obtained from the GEO site and marker genes were selected by using R program. Target genes of the identified microRNAs were provided by TARGETSCAN software and finally, the graphical network was plotted in Cytoscape software.
Results: Analysis of microarray data showed that has-miR-663b, has-miR-650, has-miR-17-5p, has-miR-4539 and has-miR-501-3p have biomarker potential in cancer samples. Statistical analysis and investigation of the target genes indicated that miR-663b (ROC^AUC=0.8965, p=0.001) and has-miR-650 (ROC^AUC=0.9104, p=0.001) had significant distinct expression between cancerous and non-tumor margins with biomarker potential.
Conclusion: The has-miR-663b and has-miR-650 genes can be used as diagnostic markers to distinguish colon cancer from non-cancerous samples