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Background & Objective: Iodine deficiency is one of the most important life-threatening factors from the beginning and encounter irreversible damage to human. This study aimed to investigate stability of Iodine in iodized salt in different situations such as light and humidity and comparing it with standard amounts.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 12 samples of iodized salts which have been distributed in Damghan, were accidentally selected. Samples were examined in the chemistry laboratory of Faculty of Health (Damghan University of Medical Sciences) using titration method recommended by British pharmacopeh. 10 mg of each iodized salts were kept at presence of light, darkness, humidity, and non- humidity situation and then titration method was performed. The samples were kept for two weeks and examined weekly. Data were analyzed with T paired and ANOVA tests using SPSS software.
Results: Findings of this study showed that reduction of Iodine was seen for all samples. The amount of reduction were 2.2, 1.5, 4.1 and 2.1 mg/l for purified salts at light, darkness, humidity, and non- humidity situation, respectively. The amount of reduction were 3.4, 2.1, 5.35 and 2.6 mg/l for non-purified salts at light, darkness, humidity, and non- humidity situation, respectively. In spite of reduction in Iodine, concentration of it was at standard amount (30-50 PPM).
Conclusion: Results showed that stability of iodine was more when salt was exposed to darkness in comparison with light situation (p< 0.09). Meanwhile, the stability of purified salts was more than the non- purified salts (p< 0.28). Also, stability of iodine was less at humidity in comparison with non- humid situation (p< 0.006). The purified salts which was exposed to humidity was much stable compared to the non- purified salts (p< 0.28). It also, demonstrated that the amount of iodine stability was more for salts which was exposed to light in comparison with humidity (p< 0.05).

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  Background & Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia together with biochemical alterations of lipid profile, insulin resistance and inflammation . Considering the high prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of inulin on lipid profile, inflammation and blood pressure in women with type 2 diabetes.

  Methods: In this controlled, randomized clinical trial, 49 women with type 2 diabetes (fiber intake<30 g/d, BMI=25-35 kg/m²) were assigned to one of two groups. Experimental group (n=24) received 10 g/d inulin and control group (n=25) received 10 g/d maltodextrin for 8 weeks. Dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, serum lipids and hs-CRP concentrations were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (verision11.5). Paired, independent t-tests and ANCOVA were used to compare quantitative variables.

  Results: At the end of study, there was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (from 135.7 ± 16.2 to 125.9 ± 7.9 mmHg), total cholesterol ( from 192.5 ± 42.8 to 171.0 ± 39.7 mg/dl), triglyceride ( from 223.3 ± 84.2 to 169.9 ± 65.6 mg/dl) and hs-CRP ( from 7.9 ± 3.0 to 5.3 ± 3.0 mg/l) in inulin group compared with the maltodextrin group (p > 0.04 ). Changes in diastolic blood pressures, LDL-c and HDL-c were not significant in inulin group compared with the maltodextrin group. A significant decrease in systolic, diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-c, hs-CRP and significant increase in HDL-c were observed in inulin group compared to baseline.

  Conclusions: Inulin supplementation may improve lipid profile, hs-CRP and blood pressure in women with type 2 diabetes.

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  Background & objectives : Infertility is a global problem affecting millions of men and women in developed and developing countries. In this regard, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) plays an important role in improving the quality of life in infertile patients. However, studies have shown that the implantation failure in IVF is the main challenge of this procedure. Melatonin can increase the survival rate of embryos and IVF success rate through eliminating free radicals and removing reactive oxygen species. So, this study is conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of melatonin on the rate of newborns of mice following transfer oftwo-cell embryos .

  Methods : In this study, female mice with average age of six to eight weeks were superovulated by administering pregnant mares serum gonadotropin (PMSG) intraperitoneally (7.5 IU. ip), and followed after 48h by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (7.5 IU. ip). Two-cell mouse embryos were obtained from female mice oviduct after 48 h. The embryos transferred bilaterally into pseudopregnant mice of the same strain through surgical procedure and 8-14 embryos were transferred to each tube. The study included 4 treatment groups and one control group (6 mice in each group). The treatment groups were exposed to subcutaneous injection of concentrations of 100 µm , 10 µm , 1 µm and 100 nm of melatonin. After the cesarean on 18^th day of pregnancy, the percentage of live births was assessed. The outcomes of the live birth rate were as­sessed using the chi-square test and statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 16.0. Percentage of live birth was calculated and compared with the control group.

  Results: A total of 701 two-cell mouse embryos were transferred into one control group and four experimental groups. The number and percentage of live births at concentrations of 100 µm and 10 µm of melatonin and the control groups were 21 (15.55%), 13 (9.15%) and 9 (6.47%), respectively. No infant was born at the concentrations of 1 µM and 100 nM of melatonin . The highest rate of live births was obtained at the concentration of 100 µM and showed a significant difference with the control group (p ≤ 0.01). There was no significant difference in live births at the concentration of 10 µm and control group.

  Conclusion : The results of this study indicated that subcutaneous injection of melatonin improves the two-cell mouse embryo growth and post implantation development of mice.

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Background & objectives: Age-related cardiovascular dysfunction is often accompanied by impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Exercise training can improve mitochondrial function and content in muscle to meet the energy demands of the cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity (MRT) and high-intensity (HRT) resistance training on the expression of PGC-1α, TFAM and AMPK of cardiomyocytes in elderly rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 30 elderly male rats (23 months) were divided into 3 groups: control (C), MRT and HRT. Training groups exercised resistance training for eight weeks (5 days a week). The resistance training protocol consisted of climbing a 110- centimeter -long ladder, with a weight attached to a tail sleeve. In the MRT group, the training protocol with 60% MVCC, 14-20 times climbing the ladder; In the HRT group with 80% MVCC, 9-10 times climbing the ladder was performed. Data were tested using ANOVA at a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: the expression of PGC-1α, TFAM and AMPK was significantly increased in MRT and HRT groups compared to control group (p=0.000). There was no significant difference between MRT and HRT groups on the expression of PGC-1α, TFAM and AMPK (p=0.574).
Conclusions: Eight weeks of MRT and HRT exercise improved mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α and TFAM Cardiomyocytes in Elderly Rats. Both types of exercise training may be considered an effective intervention to improve mitochondrial function

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Background & objectives: Covid-19 disease with widespread prevalence in 2019 worldwide has been identified as the biggest health threat, according to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), especially for children. In addition, sleep disorders are one of the consequences of this emerging disease; the aim of this study was to investigate the nutrition and sleep disorders of active and inactive children during the corona pandemic.
Methods: Random multistage cluster sampling was used in four geographical regions of Iran (north, south, west and east) in this research. This study was conducted in 2021 which the questionnaires were gathered from the cities and the sample size (194 people) was determined based on G-Power 3.1 software with 95% confidence and 80% statistical power (evaluation through virtual networks and web questionnaire). The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) Questionnaire, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used. Mann-Whitney U and T-Student tests were used to compare the two groups of active and inactive children. The significance level was considered at p≤0.05.
Results: The results showed that in the Covid-19 pandemic, the group of active children had a better level of physical activity (energy consumption) and status compared to the inactive children (p≤0.001). Also, it was shown that girls had more nutrition disorders than boys (p≤0.05), but there was no significant difference between sleep disorders between boys and girls, and there was no significant difference between nutrition disorders in active and inactive children.
Conclusion: In summary, during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was no difference in eating and sleeping disorders in active and inactive children, while gender is associated with nutrition disorders in children during Corona disease and was higher in girls than boys. It is suggested that parents pay more attention to physical activity and nutrition disorders in girls during home quarantine

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Background & objectives: Maintaining the capacity of mitochondrial biogenesis during aging is considered a key factor to prevent the development of age-related diseases. this study aimed  to investigate the effect of 8-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and hawthorn extract on the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-γ gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) proteins levels in the soleus muscle of aged rats.
Methods: Thirty-six aged rats were randomly and equally assigned into control (CON), HIIT, extract or combined (COM, HIIT+ extract) groups. The HIIT protocol consisted of 6 to 9 sets×5-min of running on a treadmill, which was performed 4 minutes at 16 m/min and one minuteat a speed velocity of 25 m/min, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Over the intervention period, rats in the extract and COM groups received 100 mg/kg per day hawthorn. After the interventions, TFAM and PGC-1α protein expression levels were detected in the soleus muscle using the western blotting method.
Results: There was a significant increase in PGC-1α for all interventions when compared to the CON, although this increase in the COM was significantly higher than the other groups. After 8 weeks , there was a significant increase in TFAM level in  extract group compared to CON,also, the training groups had more effects on this marker in comparison to the former intervention (p>0.05).   
Conclusion: It seems that, 8-weeks of the HIIT+ intake hawthorn is a more efficient approach in improving mitochondrial oxidative capacity compared to HIIT and extract alone.