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Showing 18 results for Rostami
Khalil Rostami,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (Summer 2002)
Abstract
Hydatic cyst is caused by Echinococus worm, that involves any part of the body, sometimes it is presented in organs such as thyroid, breast and other organs. Axillary that may be consider adenopathy or metastasis and do biopsy, which so there is danger of leakage, anaphylaxis or relaps. The reported case was 39 years old female presented with painless axillary mass without inflammation since 19 years ago that slowly enlarged. Physical findings suggested hydatid cyst which was confirmed with ultrasonography and IHA for Echinococus granolosus and other diseases ruled out. She was operated and she had no relapses after 1.5 years follow up.
Darioush Savadi Oskoui , Ali Abedi, Khalil Rostami ,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (spring 2004)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Bell ’ s palsy (BP) is a relatively common disease characterizedby the sudden onset of facial paralysis. In this disease, the facial muscle is paralyzed and the patient cannot close the eye or control the saliva in the involved side.The incidence rate of this disease in the world is between 11.5-40.2 cases per 100,000. The cause of this disease is yet to be found. This study is an attempt to investigate the demographic. Characteristics of these patients as well as the environmental factors involved in this disease in Ardabil. Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was cauducted in Ardabil province during a 2-year period (2001-2003) all the patients referring to neurology clinics were evaluated by a questionuaire in terms of demographic features and whether they were affected by the disease. Results: 140 cases (out of 6550) were affected by Bell ’ s palsy. The incidence rate was high among 20-30 year-olds (17.85%) and was equal among females and males. Incidence of BP was higher in cold seasons. A high incidence was also observed among farmers, who sweat abundantly due to their job nature. Conclusions: The results are consistent with hypotheses regarding viral etiologies [e.g., reactivation of herpes simplex] of Bell ’ s palsy and it can be activated by cold exposure. The results also indicated that the disease is more prevalent in cold seasons.
Mehrnaz Mashoufi , Firooz Amani , Khalil Rostami , Afrooz Mardi ,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (spring 2004)
Abstract
Background & Objective : Inpatient information is the best source for researches, medical education, process of patient treatment and legal organizations. Moreover, correct, complete and ontime registration of this information can play a crucial role in the production of necessary data for these kinds of researches. Regarding the importance of the issue, in this study we evaluated the quality and quantity of these data in the hospitals under Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Methods : In this research 370 rcords from eight hospitals of Ardabil were studied. In each hospital samples were selected randomly based on the number of patients hospitalized in one year. Then according to admission and discharge sheets a certain check list, was completed. The information under study including demography, admission and discharge, inter-hospital and inter-ward transfer, diagnosis, treatment, surgery, death of the patients and authentications (recorded or not) were identified in the check list. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results : The results showed that sex, marital status, date and place of birth had not been recorded in 5.9%, 15.7%, 2.4%, 51.6% of records respectively. Primary, interim and final diagnosis and treatment measures were not recorded about 28.1%, 41.1%, 39.2% 48% of the patients respectively. Although 13% of these patients were hospitalized due to accidents, impairments and poisoning, only in 8.5% of them the external causes were recorded. At 68.6% of the records, condition on discharge and at 76.3% of them recommendation on discharge had not been recorded. 3.5% of records related to dead patients, but only in 31%, main cause and in 8% underlying couse of death was record. 25% of the studied records were not coded. 13.7% of existing codes did not match the final diagnosis .At 52.4% of these records the correct method of writing diagnosis was not observed by physicians and at 36.5% coding had not been done carefully. Conclusions : The results indicated that the process of medical recording by health care services was performed deficiently and this leads to the loss of valuable information about the hospitalized patients. As a result, the authorities, physicians and specialists in medical recording should pay special attention to this problem. Physicians and specialitists of medical record to this problem were necessary.
Khalil Rostami,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (Autumn 2004)
Abstract
Serious vascular complications of IV drug abuse are being encountered with increasing frequency. These patients often present with cellulitis, abscess and endocarditic. Due to having viral infections these people can be a hazard to health care workers. Medical intervention is usually conducted after the emergence of one of the dreadful complications of IV drug abuse. The subject is a 40-year old male prisoner who referred to Emergency Department with 24 hours history of chill and fever, intermittent bleeding from a painful ulcerated lump in right groin along with hypotension and severe edema of right lower extremity necessitating packing and initial resuscitative measures. It was clinically diagnosed as ruptured infected pseudo aneurysm and urgent exploration was undertaken. Excision of common femoral artery was conducted by interpositioning of saphenous graft between external iliac and superficial femoral artery along with ligation of deep femoral artery drainage of abscess and debridment of necrotic tissue. The patient recovered with limb salvage except seroma on original site of vein graft.
Rostami, Magsodian, Arian Pour , Arian,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (Autumn 2005)
Abstract
Backgraund & Objectives: Asymptomatic urinary tract infection (AUTI) is common in childhood and will lead to renal scars. Since the prevalence of AUTI has not been studied in Ardabil, this study set out to determine the prevalence of AUTI among primary-school children of Ardabil. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 470 cases were selected randomly from 40,000 primary school students. The data were collected with completing a questionnaire. The cases with symptomatic urinary infection and those with discontented parents were omitted. Midstream urine was collected and sent to laboratory for analysis and culture. Colony count ≥ 100,000 CFU / ml and higher was considered as UTI and the prevalence of this complication in the samples was studied. Results: Of 470 subjects, 16 ones were ruled out due to urinary symptoms or parents’ discontent, and the study continued with 454 students (238 girls and 216 boys). 19 students (4.2%) had positive culture (13 girls and 6 boys). Prevalence of AUTI was 5.5% in girls and 2.8% in boys. In this study only seven cases (36.8%) had pyuria ( WBC>5). Conclusion: The high prevalence of AUTI specially in girls is important. Regarding the known complications of AUTI, other researches seem to be necessary to determine the causes as well as ways to prevent and treat it.
Khatere Seylani, Masoome Aghamohammadi, Khlil Rostami, Vadood Noroozi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (Autumn 2005)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is the most common complication of anesthesia with an approximate prevalence of 30% up to 70% (in high risk patients). In recent years several articles have investigated the effects of antiemetic and anesthetic drugs on postoperative nausea and vomiting, but the nonpharmacological methods, which are cost-effective and have no side effects, are rare. Since it is essential for patients to be on fast before surgeries which require general anesthesia, occurrence of dehydration and extra cellular fluid volume deficit and subsequently nausea and vomiting are expected and anticipated. Thus in this study the effect of preoperative intravenous fluid on postoperative nausea and vomiting was explored. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed in two experimental and control groups, with 30 subjects in each. Experimental group were given a 1- liter bolus of intravenous normal saline preoperatively in addition to routine IV fluid. Finally the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was observed and compared between two groups. Results : According to statistical tests, the differences between age, preoperative and postoperative NPO duration, use of antiemetics and the duration of hospitalization in two groups were statistically significant but the differences between other demographic variables and the volume of intraoperative intravenous fluid received during the surgery were not. Results showed that experimental group had significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting (20% and 10% respectively) in comparison with control group (50%). According to chi-square test, the rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly different in two groups. (p=0.015 and p=0.001 respectively) Also, preoperative NPO duration had significant relationship with postoperative vomiting (p= 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the positive effect of intravenous fluid therapy on postoperative nausea and vomiting as a cost effective and harmless method in surgery, its use is recommended.
Mahrnaz Mashoufi, Khalil Rostami, Afrooz Mardi ,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (spring 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: With respect to the importance of observing principles of documentation of medical records for educational, treatment, research, legal and statistical uses, the correct, complete and timely registration of this information can play a crucial role in the production of necessary data for these kinds of researches. This study was performed to investigate the process of documentation of medical records of the patients in hospitals under Ardabil university of medical sciences. Methods: In this research 370 medical records from eight hospitals under Ardabil university of medical sciences were studied. In each hospital samples were selected randomly based on the number of patients hospitalized in one year. Then according to admission and discharge sheets a certain checklist was completed. The information under study included dignosis, treatment, surgery, cause of the accident, patient condition on dircharge, postdischarge advice and cause of death (whether recorded or not) which were identified in the check list. The data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics. Results : The findings showed that primary, interim and final diagnosis and treatment measures were recorded 71.9%, 58.9% ,60.8% and 52% respectively in the records studied. Althougt 12.7% of these patients were hospitalized dueto accidents, damage and poisoning, only in 8.5% of them the external causes were recorded. In 68% of the records, condition on discharge and in 76.3% of them recommendation on discharge had not been recorded. 3.5% of the records were related to dead patients, but only in 31% of them the main cause and in 8% underlying cause of death was recorded. In general, in 5 2.4% of these records the correct methods of medical recording were not observed by physicians. Conclusion: The results indicated that the process of documentation of medical record by physicians as the main presenters of health care services was performed incompletely. This can lead to the loss of valuable information about the hospitalized patients. It can also have negative impacts on the course of therapy. As a result, the authorities, physicans and specialists in medical recording should pay special attention to this problem.
Khalil Rostami, Abbas Yazdanbood , Nayereh Amini Sani, Faranak Moharami ,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Autumn 2007)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: One of the most common gastrointestinal diseases is gallstone and its complications, that leads to hospitalization and expensive cost. Since Causative factors in this disease are so many that some of them can be preventable and there has not been a study on the risk factor and gallstone, this study investigates the relationship between riskfactor and gallstone, Methods: This was a case-control. study A total of 150 patients with gallstone using the simple nonrandomized method were selected and were compared with 150 hospital controls with which they were matched. The risk factors for gallstone formation (age, gender, family history, parity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia) were assessed in all of subjects. The association of gallstone with all these risk factor was evaluated with statistical tests including chi-square, ANOVA. Results: In this study, 117 cases (78%) were female and the other 33 cases (22%) were male. 42 persons (28%) were between 40-49 years old and about body mass index 63 persons (42%) were at the range of 25-299 (overweight). The mean serum level of triglyceride in women of case-group was 152.7 ± 7.5 in comparison with 117.8 ± 57.7 mg/dl in control group (p=0.001). Mean duration of oral contraceptive pills in case was 6.9 ± 4.9 in comparison with 3.1 ± 2.9 years in control group. There was a positive correlation between Goldstone, BMI and mean serum trighyceridz level in women (p=0.001, p=0.001). There was not any arelationship between the parity, smoking, hyper chlostrolemia, hypertriglyceride (in men), positive family history and gallstone. Conclusion: In this study, bidy mas index, the period of taking oral contraceptive pills and triglyceride play roles in gallstone formation. Since these factors can be interventional, it is essential that good plannings be devised to improve them.
Asghar Mohammadpooras, Ali Fakhari , Fatemeh Rostami , Rezagholi Vahidi, Saeid Dastgiri ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (Winter 2007)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Limited information is available on adolescent’s substance abuse in Iran. The aim of this study is to estimate prevalence of substance abuse among the sample of sophomore male students in Tabriz city, and to evaluate the associated factors. Methods: Of all sophomore male students in Tabriz, 1785(13.7%) were randomly sampled, and a self-administered questionnaire with 48 questions was distributed to students in February and March 2005. The questions aimed to obtain information on substance abuse, smoking, self-confidence, tendency toward smoking and risk-taking behaviors as well as demographic information. The influence of different factors on substance abuse was evaluated with a logistic regression model. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 16.3±0.87 (min. 15, max. 19) years. Among 1785 students 226(12.7%) had the experience of taking alcohol and 36(2.0%) had used substances. The results indicate that, older age (OR= 1.55), having general risk taking behavior (OR= 1.70), higher smoking stage (OR= 3.70), having masochism (OR= 1.22), high socioeconomic class (OR= 1.62), and use of illicit substances (OR= 5.72) were factors associated with prevalence of the use of alcohol. Also higher smoking stage (OR= 3.26), high socioeconomic class (OR= 1.52), and the use of alcohol (OR= 7.81) were factors associated with prevalence of the use of substances. Conclusion: This study showed the low prevalence of substance abuse, and determined some of its risk factors among students. This study may be supportive of interventions that target multiple behaviors. The findings of this study is important for public health officials however, more studies are necessary to generalize the findings.
Majid Rostami, Firooz Amani, Elnaz Zayedi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (Spring 2008)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Ingrowing toe nail disease is caused by excessive lateral nail growth in to the nail fold. Because of high incidence of this disease and high percentage of recurrence after routine treatments, we decided to compare the matricectomy with phenol %88 with electrocoagulation.
Methods: This research was an clinical trial study that have been done on 30 patients with bilateral ingrowing toe nail disease who referred to the Dermatology clinic in the Ardabil Imam Khomeini Hospital, from October 2005 to September 2006. In each case, phenol %88
matricectomy used on one side of affected zone and lectrocoagulation used on the other side.
The data was collected with questionnaire and the time for follow up patients was six months. Collected data analyzed by SPSS, chi square and fisher exact test.
Results: Average age of patients was 24.56±5.40 years old, ratio of female to male was 3 to 2 and in all patients affected site was the big toe. Most of the patients were in primary level of education (%33.3), 18 (60%) patients had secondary infection, 8 (26.7%) patients had
abscess, 13 (43.3%) patients have granulation tissue and no cases of onychomycosis were detected. Recovery period with phenol was 2-4 weeks and recurrence or side effect were not seen. Regarding the recovery duration these two therapeutic methods had significant
statistical differences only during the second fortnight (p=0.001). But there was no significant statistical difference in recurrence period and side effects.
Conclusion: Matricectomy with phenol %88 had less recovery time than electrocoagulation.
Eiraj Sayadrezai, Majid Rostami,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (Autumn 2008)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Warts are common dermatological disorder which are difficult to treat and usually relapse. In this study the efficacy of topical %5 5- fluorouracil was compared with conventional cryotherapy in treatment of plantar Warts. Methods: In a clinical trial study, 50 patients clinically diagnosed as warts were divided in to two groups. 25 patients were treated with topical 5% 5- fluorouracil while the other 25 were treated with cryotherapy. After treatment, patients were followed for 6 months from the viewpoints of treatment complication, efficacy and relapse rate. Results: It was observed that treating period in cryotherapy was short but 5F-U therapy needed longer time. Initially in 5-FU group 52% of patient had good response, 36%moderate response and in 12% no response was observed there is no significant difference in view of sex in this group (p=51%) and in cryotherapy group 60% of patients had good response, 28% moderate response and in 12% no response was observed like wise there was no significant difference in terms of gender (p=0.08). In response to therapy there was no difference between two groups (p=0.09%) after 6 months follow up relapse rate was 18% in cryotherapy patients and only 8%in 5-FU group which wasn't statistically meaningful and no difference was observed between two groups (p=0.27). Conclusion: The results indicated that course of treatment was shorter in cryotherapy than the topical 5- FU but the relapse rate didn't have any difference between two groups. The only significant difference was pain in which 5- FU was painless but cryotherapy was painful.
Firouz Amani, Shahram Habibzadeh, Khalil Rostami,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (spring 2009)
Abstract
Introduction: Trauma is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and it puts a great deal of financial pressure on the health systems. Due to the abundauce of the mechanism of trauma and identification of most prevalent mechanizing this study was done to survey specifications of traumatized patients referring Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil city. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study carried out on traumatized patients between Jan and June 2008. Data collection method was a questionnaire including demographic data, mechanism of trauma, location of accident, way of transportation and other data that have been obtained by face to face interview. Data were analyzed in SPSS program using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: In 955 patients with trauma, the ratio of male to female was 23. The mean age of patients was 28.7±18.7. About %50 of patients were <25 years old. The most common causes of injuries were falling (38.5%) then cutting and accidents each with 22.1%, 10.8%, respectively. Satisfaction with the emergency care was relatively high and only 9% were carried by an ambulance to the emergency unit. Conclusion : The most prevalent trauma mechanism was falling from height and then cutting injury and car accidents. Satisfaction with emergency care was relatively high.
Esmaeil Hassanpour, Seiyed Mahdi Moosavizadeh , Khalil Rostami, Nasim Younosi ,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (spring 2010)
Abstract
Background & Objectives : Scalp defects have various etiologies which included scalp cancers, trauma, burns, congentital vascular lesions (Hemangioma & arteriovenous malformations), acquired & congenital skin defect such as aplasia cutis and infections. These defects need different reconstructive methods. The aime of this study was to determine the etiology of scalp defects and out come of various reconstructive methods. Methods : This was a descriptive study and based on the patient’s files during two years from 2004 to 2006. All patients operated for scalp defects were included in the study. Different methods of reconstructive surgery were considered and results analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results : The study included 75 patients, (52 males and 23 females) with the mean age of 42 years old. In most cases the scalp defect was in the temporoparietal region and most defects were reconstructed using tissue expander (TE). The most common cause of scalp defects was Basal cell corconoma (primary and recurrence) and the most common primary reconstructive method was skin graft. The second cause of scalp defects was burn scar and in these cases the most common reconstructive method was TE. Operative complications in this study were partial necrosis of the graft or distal flap that was repaired by using the repeated skin graft. In one case there was infection of tissue expander that was extracted. Conclusion: The most common cause of scalp defect were Basal Cell Carcinoma and burn respectively and in these cases the skin graft and TE were the most common reconstructive methods respectively .
Abbasali Imani Foolad , Zahra Rostami , Reza Shapouri,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (autumn 2010)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Detection of TEM and SHV genes in ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their antimicrobial resistance pattern can provide useful information about the epidemiology and risk factors of associated infections. In this study we determined the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and prevalence of ESBLs in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Methods: In this analytic-descriptive study, 110 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from different clinical specimens were used. The pattern of antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion (Kirby-buer) method. The ESBL production was determined by combination disk method using disks containing ceftazidim and cefotaxim alone and in combination with Clavulanic acid. SHV and TEM types of ESBL producing genes was detected by PCR. Results: In this study Co-trimoxazole and Amoxicilin with 96.4% and 92.7% and Amikacin with 17.3% showed the highest and lowest resistance against isolates respectively. According to PCR results 37.5% and 12.5% of isolate were carried SHV and TEM genes respectively and 12.5% of isolate were carried both the SHV and TEM genes. Conclusion: According to the results most of the isolates are drug resistant and among the ESBL producing strains the frequency of SHV type is higher than TEM . The isolate ceftazidim resistance was contains SHV (37.5%) and TEM gene (12.5%), that showed SHV and TEM genes play more important role in create of ceftazidim resistance than cefotaxim resistance.
Fariba Sadeghi Movahhed , Parviz Molavi , Farid Gossili , Touraj Rahmani , Firouz Amani , Amir Masoud Rostami ,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (spring 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders in the world. It causes disruption in daily activities and increases the risk of major depression. Hence, clinically the appropriate and persistent treatment of insomnia is very important. Using of hypnotic drugs such as benzodiazepines is the common treatment for insomnia but they show several side effects and it seems that new medications should be used for treatment of sleep disorders. The aim of this study was comparison between the effects of electromagnetic therapy and conventional drug usage in the treatment of insomnia. Methods: In a blind randomized clinical trial study, 60 people referred to the private office of the psychiatrist and experienced more than 3 months extended primary insomnia were selected. They were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria and had no other underlying problems. The subjects were divided in two groups: 30 people in each and treated electromagnetically or with Alprazolam for 3 weeks. Before treatment, immediately and one month after treatment, quality of sleep and severity of the insomnia were evaluated by using the standard questionnaires and finally, the results were analyzed statistically. Results : In this study, 60 individuals participated from whom 28 were male (46.7%) and 32 patients were female (53.3%).The mean age was 37.3 years old in a range of 17- 65. The mean point of each questionnaire, before and immediately after treatment significantly didn't show any difference but one month after treatment, there was a significant difference in both groups. Conclusion : To treat insomnia, electromagnetic therapy appears to be used as a replacement for sedative medicines. It also has more stability in comparison with other sedative medicines and no side effects have been reported yet.
Hadi Sadeghi, Pari Bagheri Ardebilian, Mehdi Fazlzadeh Davil, Roohollah Rostami, Yousef Poureshgh,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (winter 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering the effect of Pseudomonas aeroginosa on public health as one of the most important microorganisms in swimming pools, this study was conducted to assess the possibility of contamination of hot spring pools with this organism in Ardabil province. Methods: In this study, 195 specimens were investigated from all public hot spring pools of Ardabil province during April to September 2011 when the number of swimmers reaches its peak. Standard method was used to investigate the presence or absence of P. aeroginosa in the valume of 100 ml collected samples. Results: The rates of contamination with P. aeruginosa at different months were as follows: April 17.5%, May 22.5%, June 22.5%, July 25% and August 20%. There was no statistically significant difference for P. aeroginosa contamination within the months. However, a statistically significant difference was considered for P. aeroginosa among all locations (p<0.05). Conclusion: Totally, 22.9% of specimens revealed P. aeroginosa which is alarming. So, it is suggested that monitoring and disinfection the public hot spring pools should be considered more seriously. It is also necessary to limit the number swimmers in public hot spring pools to reduce burden of contamination.
Mohammadreza Pirmoradi , Behrouz Dolatshahi , Reza Rostami, Parvaneh Mohammadkhani, Asghar Dadkhah,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (summer 2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) in reduction the signs and symptoms of depression, such as cognitive, bodily and negativity-worthlessness in recurrent major depression. Methods : It was used a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group , a sample consisting of 32 patients who had recurrent depression on the basis of DSM-IV,SCID and BDI-II scale & Hamilton scales, were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group underwent 20 sessions of rTMS as the independent factor and both groups (control &experimental) had 12 sessions of psychotherapy and drugs treatment. Upon the intervention, both groups were tested with triplex tests, to determine the effect of the independent factor on the dependent factor of rTMS. Data were analyzed using Chi square, T- test, covariance and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results : With comprise between pre &post-test, we understand the effect of rTMSin cognitive, bodily and negativity-worthlessness scalesthe difference of two groups was significant, but the decrease of cognitive scale was higher than other two scales. All the tests showed the reduction of signs and symptoms of recurrent depression in participants . Conclusion: The rTMS is effective in treatment of triple signs andsymptoms (cognitive, bodily and negativity-worthlessness) in patients with recurrent major depression.
Mehdi Nooshyar, Ali Fahmi Jafargholkhanloo, Mohammad Ghiamy, Majid Rostami Moghaddam,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (Autumn 2023)
Abstract
Background: Photogrammetric analysis of facial soft tissue plays an important role in facial plastic surgeries. In many countries, planning for facial plastic surgery is done based on the defined facial metric standards for the same society. Few research works have been conducted in the field of facial cephalometric criteria of the Iranian race. The main goal of this study is to determine the average values of facial profile view metrics of people referred to Imam Reza Hospital (Ardabil).
Methods: First, in a period of 3 months, facial profile view images of the referred patients including 30 males and 30 females were provided. Then, the angular criteria of the profile view were measured by selecting 11 facial anatomical landmarks applicable for Rhinoplasty and Mentoplasty surgeries in the MATLAB software.
Results: The results showed that among the facial profile view metrics, the Nasofrontal, Nose Tip and Mentolabial angles are close to the criteria of the Turkish, Nepalese and Brazilian races, respectively. The Facial Convexity Including Nose (FCIN) metric is close to the Brazilian and Nepalese races, and also, Facial Convexity Excluding Nose (FCEN) is close to the Bangladesh and Brazilian races.
Conclusion: In this study, cephalometric analysis of facial soft tissue was done by measuring the facial profile view metrics to help facial plastic surgeons. Considering the difference in facial metrics of Iranians with other races, the criteria measured in this study can be interesting for surgeons in planning of facial cosmetic surgeries, especially Rhinoplasty and Mentoplasty.
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