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  Background & Objective : Malignant skin tumors are highly prevalent cancers all over the world. Iran can be regarded as an area in which skin malignancies are so common because of severe sunlight, and occupational requirements of farmers with long exposure to sunlight. This study was an attempt to evaluate the frequency of malignant skin tumors in Urmia.

  Methods : In this descriptive and retrospective study 61496 pathological reports collected from pathology centers in Urmia between March 1991 and March 2001 were examined. Among these reports, 1099 cases with skin malignancies (including BCC, SCC and CMM) were identified and classified based on factors such as age, sex, job, the location of lesion and patient ’ s, residential area. In order to accomplish the incomplete data, the researchers referred to cancer registry center in health deputy of the province.

  Results : Among 1099 cases, 1076 patients (97.9%) had solitary lesion and 23 cases (2.1%) had multiple lesions. The ratio of male to female is 1.7:1 in all skin tumors. Most patients were farmers (28.02%). BCC was mainly observed on nose (26.2%), SCC was around mouth (36.78%) and CMM was mostly in extremities (45.09%). BCC was mostly on upper half of the face and SCC on the lower half. Most patients age ranged from 60 to 69 years. BCC was the most common histopathological type of tumors (71.62 %). 52.61% of patients lived in Urmia and the rest were from other cities. Comparing the first and second 5-Year periods of this research indicated a 25% increase in the frequency of tumors.

 Conclusions: According to the increased incidence of malignant skin tumors in this area some measures should be taken to prevent this disease, reduce the risk factors and diagnose these tumors earlier.

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Background & Objectives: Candida Albicans is a fungus that frequently infects diabetic patients. Because it is very common infection in diabetics, we tried to determine the prevalence of infection and the asymptomatic carriers and show factors like age, sex, duration of diabetes and quality of disease control that  probably  have effect on infection.
Methods: In this study 200 diabetic patients were chosen randomly and blood samples were taken for FBS and HbA1C and then skin smears were performed from body folds (Axillaries groin interdigital folds) and probable lesions. The skin samples were cultured in Chrom-Agar medium. Then the gathered data were analyzed.
Results: Overall, from 200 patients, there were 180 (90%) negative culture and 20 (10%) positive cultures. Candidial infection in men and older patients were relatively higher than others. Candida infection in poor controlled diabetes was considerably higher .Infection in type-1 diabetes was more than type-2 diabetes. There was no correlation between duration of diabetes and prevalence of infection.
Conclusion: Candida infection is more common in diabetic patients with poor control, male and older ones.

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 Background and Objectives: There are many problems in treatment of different kinds of tumors. Many studies were carried out for finding suitable antitumor materials in different countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antitumor effects of olive and green tea extracts on human breast tumor cell line (BT474).

 Methods: Water and ethanol extracts of green tea and olive were prepared. BT474 cells were treated with determinded concentration of extracts at different incubation times and cell lysis was measured using the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme assay. Experiments were repeated 3 times and the results expressed as means ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis were performed by t-test and p ≤ 0.05 considered as significant .

 Results: Increasing the concentration of green tea in 8 and 24 h exposures decreased cell lysis or killing percentage of treated cells. Olive extract in 1mg/dL concentration showed highest percent (85%) of cell lysis. Cell lysis effect of olive extract treatments was dose-dependent and increased in higher concentrations. There were no significant difference in killing effect of olive extract between 8 and 24 h incubation time (consequently 83% and 85%). But at the same incubation periods the difference between percent of cell lysis in the presence of green tea extracts (0.01 and 0.1 mg/dL) was significant. (p =0.000).

 Conclusions: Our results indicated that crude olive and green tea extractions have exerted lytic effects on BT 474 lines. Olive extract have higher cytotoxicity than green tea. Cytotoxicity of olive extract was dose-dependent .

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  Background & Objectives: Elevated apolipoprotein B-100 and decreased Plasma HDL due to hypertriglyceridemia are common abnormalities in insulin-resistant subjects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks progressive aerobic exercise (AE) on blood glucose, lipid�and lipoprotein profile, and aerobic power in adults with type 2 diabetes.

  Methods: Twenty nine women with type 2 diabetes (mean age 43.4 ± 1.7 years and blood glucose range of 150 to 230 mg/dl ) were divided into a control (n=14) and exercise (n=15) groups. Exercise group participated in an aerobic training program 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The intensity of aerobic exercise was 60–75% of HR max. The control subjects were asked not to alter their physical activity patterns. All subjects underwent anthropometric, lipid profile and aerobic power evaluation, at the baseline and 48 hours after last session training. Following a 12 h overnight fasting, a venous blood sample was drawn for the analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and (apoB100). Paired t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data.

  Results: Significant improvement was observed in FBS, aerobic power, percent body fat, (Apo) B-100 and triglycerides (p< 0.05) for the exercise compared with the control group after training. No significant difference was observed in TC, LDL and HDL between two groups.

  Conclusion: According to our findings moderate intensity physical exercise can be effective in preventing the atherosclerosis via significant improvement in blood sugar, cardiovascular endurance, Apo B-100 and triglyceride in patients with type 2 diabetes.