---

  Background & Objective: Flatulence is one of the most common postoperative disorders, which leads to abdominal distension, respiratory disorders and the openning of sutures. Some of the drugs used to alleviate the abdominal flatulence are associated with complications and harmful effects, which gives us a hint to adopt herbal medicine. The present study investigates the effect of supermint on the flatulence intensity after cesarean section.

  Methods: This double-blinded clinical trial study was conducted on 107 women (47 cases as placebo group and 60 cases as drug group) who had cesarean section in shahid Mobini hospital, Sabzevar. After stopping the administration of IV fluid, the subjects in both groups received 40 drops of drug and placebo every 20 minutes for 3 days.

  Results: The intensity of flatulence in the first 20 minutes (p=0.042), in second 20 minutes (p=0.001), in the third 20 minutes (p<0.001) and 120 minutes after intervention (p<0.001) was lower in drug group compared to before intervention.

  Conclusion: Supermint is effective in reducing the postoperative flatulence in cesarean section and is recommended to be used in these cases.

---

 Background & Objectives: Resistance Strains of propionibacterium acnes is one of the most growing problems in acne treatment. Azelaic acid, due to the lack of bacterial resistance, could be a useful alternative in topical treatment of acne. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and side effects of azelaic acid and its comparison with topical clindamycin in the treatment of acne.

 Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 100 patients with mild acne. The patients were divided in to two groups. One group was treated with azelaic acid 20% cream and the other one was treated with Dalacin 1% gel twice daily for 4 weeks.

 Results: Both drugs Produced significant reduction in inflammatory Lesions (for azelaic acid p=0/000 and for clindamycin p=0/000) and noninflammatory lesions (for azelaic acid P=0/001 for clindamycin p=0/033). Comparing the mean of decrease in inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions, there was not a significant difference between two groups (of Papule and Pustule P=0/864 of comedons P=0/239). So the efficacy of these two drugs was same. In comparing the sideffects, erythem was more common in azelaic acid users significantly (p=0/031) and skin dryness was more Common in clindamycin users significantly (p=0/000).

 Conclusion: Azelaic acid 20% cream as effective as clindamycin gel 1% in the treatment of mild acne.

---

  Background and Objective: Intradermal Purified Protein Derivative PPD test is a reliable test assessment of primary mycobacterial infection. In this test the specific antigen is Purified Protein Derivative (PPD). The reaction were assessed by touching, the induration's diameter after 48 &48hours. We compared the induration's size 48 and 72 hour in this study.

  Methods: At this semi experimental study a 5 unit PPD was administered to 120 healthy medical students.

  Results: The measurements made at 72 h were significantly (4.22 mm) (p<0.001) higher than those made at 48h (2.79 mm). The reading taken at 72 h were 1.47mm larger than at 48 h recovery. There were significant differences between induration size of 48 and 72h between male and female.

  Conclusion: This study demonstrates that, in adults, the size of the 5 U Monteux reaction is significantly larger at 72h compared to the reaction at 48h. We suggest to read PPD after 72 hours if the PPD is negative after 48 hours.

---

Background & objectives: One of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases, hydatidosis, is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcous granulosus. Investigations have shown that plants secondary metabolites, such as essential oils have anti parasitic properties. Based on previous reports on antiparasitic properties of Lepidium sativum, in this study we investigated the scolicidal effects of the essential oil (EO) extracted from this plant.

Methods: Lepidium EO was obtained by hydrodistillation method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to determine the chemical composition of the EO. Protoscolices were exposed to various concentrations of EO (1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 mg/ml) for 10, 20, 30 and 60 min. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining.

Results: A total of 19 compounds representing 95.5% of the total oil, were identified. &alpha;-Thujene (88.86%), Myrcene (2.9%) and P-cymene (1.67%) were found to be the major EO constituents. Based on the results, protoscolices mortality rates at 1, 3 and 5 mg/ml of EO didn’t have a significant relationship with the control group. While, the difference in mortality rate at a concentration of 10 mg/ml of EO in 30 and 60 min was significant. Also, the concentration of 15 mg/ml of EO at all times of incubation had significantly higher protoscolicidal effect. In the present study there was a significant relation between the amount of protoscolicidal activity of different EO concentrations and different incubation times. In other words mortality rates enhanced with increasing concentrations and incubation times.

Conclusion: The results of present study revealed that the EO of Lepidium is rich in &alpha;-Thujene and has a high scolicidal power. This plant may be used as a natural scolicidal agent

---

Background & objectives: Irisin is a novel myokine that encoded by FNDC5 gene and effects on obesity, metabolism and glucose homeostasis through browning of white adipose tissue and thermogenesis. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of FNDC5 gene expression and Irisin protein level of visceral fat tissue after eight weeks of resistance training in type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (8 week old) were used for this study. Diabetes was induced using nicotinamide and streptozotocin . Five days after inducing diabetes, rats with fasting blood glucose levels between 127-600 mg / dl were selected as diabetic subjects. Rats were homogenized according to the body weight and assigned into two groups including control-diabetes (n=9) and resistance training-diabetes (n=9). Training group exercised resistance training for eight weeks (5 days a week). The resistance training protocol consisted of climbing   a one-meter- high ladder, with a weight attached to a tail sleeve. Quantitative Real time RT-PCR and ELISA Kit were used for assessment of expression level of FNDC5 gene and Irisin protein, respectively. Data were analyzed using independent t- test at p≤0.05.
Results: Resistance training significantly increased the expression level of FNDC5 gene and Irisin protein in visceral adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic rats.
Conclusion: It seems that FNDC5 gene and Irisin protein have an important role in metabolic diseases and can be affected by resistance training. Perhaps the changes in the levels of these metabolic indicators is a potential new target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as T2DM (type 2 diabetes).

---

Background & objectives: Artemisia absinthium (known as wormwood) is used as an antihelminthical, antimalarial, antiseptic and  anti-inflammatory agent, and is used for treatment of gastric pain in the traditional medicine. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of A. absinthium on the ovary tissues and pituitary_gonadal axis of the adult female NMRI mice.
Methods: In this experimental study, intraperitoneally (IP) injections of hydroalcoholic extract of A. absinthium, were performed over 30 days on 50 mice with 50 (first group), 100 (second group), and 150 mg/kg.bw (third group) doses.  The sham group was received distilled water and control group received no injection. After 30 days of injections, the animals were dissected, and blood samples were collected by heart aspiration.  The levels of LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone of serum were measured by ELISA method. Seven µm sections of ovary were prepared by a microtome and stained by H&E method. Data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post- hoc test. The Significance level was set at p<0.05.       
Results: Our findings indicated a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the body weight in all experimental groups compared with sham and control groups. In parameters such as: large and small diameters of the ovary , number of primary, secondary, growing, graafian follicles, and corpus luteum, a significant decrease was observed in 100 and 150 mg/kg doses (p<0.05). In all experimental groups, no significant changes were observed in estradiol and progesterone levels. However, FSH and LH showed a significant decrease in 100 and 150 mg/kg doses (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that Artemisia absinthium hydroalcohlic extract in high doses has damaging effects on the process of oogenesis, which may be due to α and β Thujoun, Alkaloid and Saponin constituents in this plant.