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 Background & Objectives: Different studies have reported conflicting results on increased rate of early mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in females compared to males after adjustment for age and other confounding factors. The female gender plays a crucial role in early mortality after AMI. The aim of this study was to assess the role of gender as an important key factor in early mortality after acute myocardial infarction.

 Methods: In this research, patients (80 females and 174 males) with acute myocardial infarction were studies for six months (2003-2004) in terms of risk factors of coronary artery diseases, clinical conditions at admission, treatment modalities in the hospital and at the time of discharge, clinical accidents at the hospital and mortality and during one month after acute myocardial infarction and after being discharged.

 Results: Intrahospital mortality odds ratio for females compared to males was 2 (confidence interval 95%: 0.951-4.208). Mortality odds ratio during one month after acute myocardial infarction and discharge for females compared to males was 4.586 (confidence interval 95%: 1.294-16.252). This rate after adjustment for age was 3.15 (confidence interval 95%: 0.857-11.579) and after adjustment for confounders was 5.387 (confidence interval 95%: 1.296-22.393). In severe clinical conditions females referred to hospitals with more delay compared to men. Females were treated less than males with streptokinase, aspirin, betablockers and invasive diagnostic and treatment procedures. They received calcium channel blockers and nitrate much more than males.

 Conclusions : Females in comparison with males were at higher risk for early mortality (during one month after acute myocardial infarction and discharge). Age was not considered as the most important and potential factor for this higher rate.

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Background & objectives: 10 year survival rates for thyroid cancer is about 90%, but papillary thyroid cancer often spread to regional lymph nodes resulting in survival rate falls below 90%. In patients with thyroid cancer, cervical lymph node metastasis risk is about 20 to 50 percent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ultrasound results and the involvement of lymph nodes before thyroidectomy and compare it with the pathologic response after thyroidectomy in patients with non-medullary thyroid cancer.
Methods: 60 patients with thyroid cancer were randomly selected and entered into the study. Ultrasonographic examination of cervical lymph nodes was performed by two radiologists using an ultrasound machine in all patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Patients underwent total thyroidectomy and neck lymph node dissection by surgeon.
Results: In papillary thyroid cancer, there was a significant relationship between ultrasonographic results and pathologic outcomes in determining the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis before thyroidectomy. And also, there was a significant relationship between the results of ultrasonography and pathologic findings in determining the location of affected lymph nodes.
Conclusion: Compared to histological examination, ultrasonography can be a useful tool in determining the location of affected cervical lymph node in thyroid cancers before surgery.