Background and Objectives:�Stem cells are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiating into a diverse range of specific cell types. Wharton's jelly is the appropriate source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have high differentiation competence. The aim of this study was differentiation of MSCs to lens fiber cells. In differentiation pathway of lens fiber cells, crystallins are expressed . Thus, crystallins can be used as differentiation marker of lens fiber cells.

  Method: In the current study MSCs were isolated from the mouse umbilical cord. It was minced into 1-2 mm³ fragments and then were incubated with collagenase type IA following pipetting for mechanical isolation of cells. Cell suspension was plated in 25 cm² culture flasks. Alkaline Phosphatase detection kit was used for staining of undifferentiated UC-MSCs from passage I. In the experimental group MSCs were plated in the maintenance medium supplemented with bovine vitreous body (1:3 v/v) for induction. Protein lysate were prepared from cells on days 10 of induction and were analyzed on polyacrylamide gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Rat lens extract was used as a positive control. Anti-alpha A, alpha B crystallin, secondary antibody, vectastain ABC- kit (standard) and vector blue alkaline phosphatase substrate kit III were used.

  Results: Mouse umbilical cord MSCs had alkaline phosphatase activity. Morphological studies and separation of proteins in electrophoresis indicated that experimental group cells might probably differentiated into lens fiber cells.

  Conclusion: Mouse umbilical cord could be used as an appropriate source for MSCs. MSCs had fibroblast- like morph and experimental group indicated the presence of fiber-like cells that were long, thin, and parallel aligned. Electrophoresis and Western blot analysis showed there was a detectable expression of early developmental marker of lens fiber cells differentiation in experimental group.

  Background & Objectives: Malassizia furfur (pityrosporum ovale/orbicular) and other related species are ethologic agents of tinea versicolor and pityrosporosis in normal individuals but fungal infections due these yeasts are a major cause of mortality in immunocompromised and cancer patients. Catheter-related fungemia or foliculitis is most common mycoses in immunocompromised cases, but malassezia Spp., has been frequently implicated as the causative agent of peritonitis, septic arthritis, mastitis, and sinusitis and variety ocular infections. In this study we surveyed Pityrosporom ovale in dandruff of patients with leukemia underlying chemotherapy.

  Methods: Over a one year period, 100 scale samples were obtained from 50 patients with leukemia underlying chemotherapy. All samples were stained using Metilin Blue method. In direct microscopic examination, seeing budding yeast cells with certain numbers, (bottle bacillus) on epithelial cells were reported positive sample.

  Results: Pityrosporosis were dtected in %78 patient with Leukemia. Most of patients were range of 21-30 years old (27%), that suffering from increased scale.

  Conclusion: Malassezia fur fur is one of more common noncandidal yeasts causing a variety of fungal infection. This organism is a lipophilic yeast that colonizes superficially in human skin and causes superficial mycoses such as tinea versicolor, rarely catheter– related sepsis, foliculitis and other systemic mycoses. Most reported cases of systemic mycoses due to this yeast have been in neonates or adults with malignancy or immunocompromised patients, who were receiving parenteral lipids via a central vascular catheter, undergo chemotherapy and BMT. As pityrosporosis were positive in over than 82% of studied patients, suggested that for prevention of serious fungal infections and mortality in immunocompromissed patients, it must be considered a suitable anti fungal protocol for these cases such as using shampoo or other drugs containing antifungal agents for treatment of patient underlying chemotherapy.

  Background & objectives : Today there is a significant progress in the treatment of female infertility but there is no main improvement for the rate of implantation and live birth. This is because of non-implantation and early abortion that lead to decrease the rate of live birth. Genital infections such as bacterial vaginosis are common cause of this problem.

  Distinction and treatment of bacterial vaginosis is easy and non-expensive. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis could results in improving the rate of implantation and then live birth.

  Methods: We considered 209 infertile women treated with ICSI (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection). This study was performed in infertility clinic of KOSAR hospital affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

  Before transferring of embryo, a sample was taken from posterior culdesac secretions by sterile cotton swap and fixed it on lamella. Then bacterial vaginitis was graded by a pathologist. The relationship of bacterial vaginosis with implantation and early abortion was studied. Data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed by t-test and Chi-Square test. p<0.05 is considered statistically significant.�

  Results: Bacterial vaginosis was significantly more frequent in patients with tubal and ovulatory disorder (p=0.013). In women undergoing ICSI, bacterial vaginosis was not associated with decreased conception rate (p=0.892) and with increased rate of early pregnancy loss (p=0.44).

  Conclution: Bacterial vaginosis is prevalent in women with infertility. It is also the most important cause of infertility in patients with tubal and ovulatory disorder. Bacterial vaginosis does not affect fertilization rate.