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  Background & Objectives: Haemodialysis has been used as a replacement therapy in patients with end- stage renal failure for several decades. But it is not clear yet how much haemodialysis a uremic patient needs? ‏ There are different methods for the assessment of needs and adequacy of dialysis. One of these methods was measurement of KT/V of haemodiolytic patients. The aim of this study was to determine dialysis adequacy of haemodialytic patients in Ardabil dialysis center .

  Methods: In this descriptive study, all of the hemodialytic patients (70 cases) in 2002 were studied. Urea and blood cells were determined in the patients' blood samples both before and after dialysis. KT/V methods were used to determine the adequacy of dialysis. The data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive (mean,standard deviation) and analytical (X²) statistics.

  Results: The findings showed that KT/V was smaller than 1.2 in 90% of cases. 54.3% of patients were dialysed three times a week mean of dialysis duration was 2.4 ± 1.63 years. Mean of hemoglobin was 8.27 ± 1.69 gr/dl. There was no significant relationship between dialysis adeqnacy and instrument type.

  Conclusion: 90% of haemodialytic patients in this center did not have adaquate dialysis in terms of KT/V criteria. As a result it seems necessery to pay more attention in order to improve the present condition.

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 Background & Objectives: Since the students majoring in different fields of medicine are going to play key roles regarding community health in the future, it seems necessary to characterize problems threat e ning their mental health. This study was performed in order to evaluate students’ mental health status in Ardabil university of medical sciences.

 Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study, 426 students, selected nonradomly were requested to fill out General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) with 28 questions as well as personal information questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-squre.

 Results: The findings indicated that fear to speak among peers (31.2%), lack of concentration (24.2%) and losing self-confidence (18.1%) were obsessing the students. According to cut point 23, 28.1% of students were assumed to have mental disorder. There was no significant difference between male and female students in terms of mental disorders but there was a meaningful relationship between their status and their economic problems, living place as well as their interest in their course (p<0.05).

 Conclusion: This study suggests further psychological evaluation and adequate counseling service to promote students’ mental health.

 

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  Background & Objectives: Controlling diet to regulate blood pressure in hypertensive patients has always been a challenging issue. On the other hand, insufficient supporting systems, non efficient follow-up programs, patients inability to do treatment measures in relapsing period, insufficient following of diet and drug taking, unplanned discharge and poor knowledge of risk factors are among controllable factor that lead to the readmission of the patients. The aim of this study is determining the effect of follow up on blood pressure control in hypertentive patients.

  Methods: In this interventional study, hypertensive patients referring to emergency ward were randomly divided into two case groups (100 patients) and two control groups (100 patients). After collecting data, case group patients were trained in their homes about the role of nutrition, mobility and regular drug use in blood pressure control for 3 months. Then, blood pressure in case and control groups was controlled and mean blood pressure in two groups was compared. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics.

  Result: 55.4 % of the case and 54.3% controls had family history of blood pressure. Before intervention mean BMI in case and control group was 26.8±5.56 and 28.04±14.66 and after intervention it was 25.96±5.38 and 27.61±14.29 respectively. Before follow up program was implemented, 39.13% of the cases and 35.87% of the controls had regular drug use history. After follow-up this rose to 44.6% and 42.4% respectively. After follow-up program 22.83% of the cases and 17.39% of the controls had referred to emergency ward or a physician once in 3 months. After intervention program, mean systolic blood pressure in cases and controls were 133 and 153 mmHg respectively and this difference was statistically meaningful (P<0.001). After follow-up, systolic blood pressure control in case and control groups was 59.8% and 35.9% respectively and this difference was meaningful (P<0.001).

  Conclusion: Results showed that after training program and home follow-up, blood pressure and weight control were more in case group, than control group, Therefore, we suggest that patient training programs and follow up and home follow-up be used as an effective way in hypertensive patients' health care and their treatment.

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Background & Objective: Emphasiz to the research in any country leads to develop and progress of it, and it presents the self- sufficiency and real independence for that country .The first step to optimize the research in society is to obtain the correct understandding from
capabilities, possibilities and to find the weakness and strength aspects of investigations. This study aspeet's of has been done regarding the above-mentioned aims.
Methods: This was a descriptive-cross-sectional study, that has been done to determine the view of Ardabil province Universities scientific members' about research and its limitations by simple sampling. Data collection tools were questionnaire including two parts: the first part, consisted of personal-social specifications and the second part, consisted of five parts (personal, intra- organizational, extra-organizational limitations, characteristics and their attitudes to research.
Results: the results showed that in related to the personal limitation overworking with mean 2/75±2/48, in the intra-organizational limitations, to be low the investigation payment in relation to the passed time with mean 3102±1/14 ,in the extra-organizational ones, ineffectiveness of the investigation results in managers decision 2/81±/44, in the characteristics, sensitivity of the scientific research 2/8±1/17 and in to promote and progress of the society , with mean 4/72 ± /53 had the highest scores.
Conclusion: many factors such as parsonaling, intra-and extra-organizational and characteristic factors, attitude to research on the view of scientific members of the restriction factors

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Background & Objectives: Since the students majoring in different Fields of medicine are going to play key roles regarding Community health in the future, it seams necessary to characterize problems threatening their mental health. This study was performed in order to evaluate students’ mental health status in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 352 students were selected through census and were requested to fill out general health questionnaire (GHQ) with 28 questions as well as personal information questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi- square.
Results: The findings indicate that students have problems in physical (1.7%), and social function (4.3%), anxiety and insomnia (2.3%) of them suffer from severe depression (2%). Also according to cut point (23) 22.7% students were suspected of mental disorders. In this research, there was no significant difference in mental disorders between male and female students, but there was a meaningful relationship between status with paternal educational degree and family size and mother's job (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: according to the findings, student's psychological evaluation and counseling service in different fields to promote student mental health, is recommended

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  Background and Objectives: The importance of considering to job stress among women is not related to loss of economics alone, but it makes an unsafe condition in health of body and soul of person, family and society, too. This study was aimed to determine the rate of job stress among employed women in Ardebil during 2010.

  Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 1250 governmental-employed women were selected in different offices of Ardabil city. Data were collected by job-contained Karasek questionnaire and results were analyzed by chi-square test.

  Results: The results showed that 62.8% of women experienced medium level of stress and 36.5% revealed to have severe stress. Our findings significantly showed that there are relationship between stress rate of individuals with number of children, level of education, place of living, job experience, rate of work hours per day and night work shift, employment status, physical and mental diseases (p <0.05 ( .

  Conclusion: With respect to severe stress found in employed women in study setting, it seems to need to increase mental health indices in individuals, families and community, and the authorities should develop a comprehensive plan to enhance productivity and satisfaction among employees.

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  Background & objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become a growing problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in urine samples of hospitalized patients in Imam Khomeini hospital of Ardabil over a period of October 2011 to August 2012.

  Methods : A total of 400 urinary pathogens isolated from urine samples were included in the study. All isolates were identified by routine biochemical methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. Confirmatory test for production of ESBLs was performed by the combination disk tests. The results were interpreted according to the recommendation of CLSI.

  Results : Of 400 isolated bacteria, 267 were E.coli, 39 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 17 Klebsiella oxytoca, 16 Enterobacter cloacae, 15 Enterobacter aerogenese, 6 Enterobacter agglomerans, 8 Enterobacter sakazakji, 3 Citrobacter froundi, 2 Citrobacter diversus, 3 Proteus mirabilis, 4 Edvardsiella tarta, 3 Serratia marcesecens and 17 Morganella morganii all of which then were analyzed. ESBL was detected in 36.75% (147) of isolates. Eighty nine E.coli cases (77.4%), 15 Klebsiella pneumonia (13.04%), 2 Klebsiella oxytoca (1.74%), 3 Enterobacter aerogenese (2.6%), 4 Enterobacter cloacae (3.5%), 1 Citrobacter ferundi (0.86%), and 1 Morganella morganii (0.86%) were detected as ESBLs producers, respectively.

  Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, broad-spectrum beta-lactamase production in bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection was very high and almost 40% of all bacterial species isolates were ESBLs producers. Because of the high prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in the urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients of our area, we would strongly suggest that the ESBL production should be considered in these patients.