Background & Objectives: Tension headache is one of the most common types of headaches that millions of people suffer from it. So far different treatments have been used to confront with tension headaches. According to the studies, tension headaches usually respond well to nonpharamacological treatment. The objective of this survey is the comparison between efficacy and effectiveness rate of SIT and medical treatment for tension headache treatment.

  Methods: In this study, 30 patients who had referred to neurology clinic of Alavi Hospital and private clinics, during the months of June and July in 2003, with chronic tension headache complaint, were selected randomly. These 30 patients were entered to two study groups and the third control groups. The patients in the first and second group received SIT and medical treatment respectively. The third group was considered as the control group and received no intervention. Indices of headache (frequency, severity and duration) were evaluated in 3 stages (Before treatment, after treatment and within one-month follow up period) by using a headache record device for all of patients. The collected data were analyzed by inferential statistical SIT methods, variance analysis and LSD pair comparison.

  Results: The data found from ANOVA methods (Analysis of variance) showed that both methods (Stress inoculation training and medical treatment) are effective in the treatment of chronic tension headache, but comparison between two groups showed that the group who received SIT had a significant difference compared to the group who received medical treatment in terms of efficacy rate on duration and consistency of headache symptom (p<0.05). In other indices of headache (freauency and severity), there was no significant difference between these two groups.

  Conclusion: This study showed that effiectiveness rate of stress inoculation training is more effective than medical treatment of tension headache (in terms of headache symptoms duration and consistency).

Background & Objectives: Schizophrenia is a chronic disease with frequent periods of exacerbation & remission which influences all aspects of the patient's life, in a way that the patient never returns to his premorbid life. The goal of this survey is Study of main signs in Schizophrenia patients in Ardabil City.

Methods:�This study was a descriptive-analytic one which was done on all of the patients with schizophrenia admitted in Fatemi & Issar hospitals in 2006. A sample of 100 was selected. To study the main signs of schizophrenia in these patients, a questionnaire was used. To screen the patients with schizophrenia, MMPI test was used. The findings were analyzed by descriptive statistics & through the computer software SPSS. Also a PCA method of factor analysis was used for the hypotheses.

Results:�79 patients were male and the rest female.�The most frequent main sign in these patients was attention deficit, & social withdrawal was at the second place. Also, the most frequent type of schizophrenia was paranoid schizophrenia (44%=44 patients). The most widely used was clozapine.

Conclusion: The findings of this study have a concordance with the results of the last studies about the main signs of schizophrenia & also with DSM-IV & Bluerian & Kreaplian symptoms (except from the perception disorders).

  Background and objectives: Co-morbidity of psychiatric disorders and substance abuse disorder have extensive effects and is accompanied by poorer prognosis. Treatment of this population should be proportionate to their needs. Current study aims to survey personality disorders among referrers to the addiction treatment center, thereby may contributes in achieving a more comprehensive view on encountering them and their treatment.

  Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, number of 100 persons with substance abuse disorder were selected by convenient sampling method from referrers to the Reference Center of Addiction Treatment of Ardabil province in 2008. Necessary information was gathered by researcher designed questionnaire (including demographic information) and Million's questionnaire of Personality Disorder. And gathered data were extracted and analyzed by SPSS Software.

  Results: Results analysis showed that the most observed associated disorders in the studied subjects was the Antisocial Personality disorder (0.54%) and Borderline, Histrionic and Narcissistic Personality disorders were located at next ranks, respectively. There was no significant relationship between used drug type and duration of usage to specific personality (p > 0.05). There was significant statistical difference between multi-drug and one-drug abusers addicts, from view point of having or not having personality disorder (p < 0.05).

  Conclusion: Results analysis showed high co-morbidity of personality disorders and drug abuse among addicts (84 %) and lower rate of personality disorders among persons with one drug compared with multi-drug abuse.