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Showing 1 results for Malek Bagali
Faraz Malek Bagali, Aliasghar Rostamizad Kheljani, Leila Asadi, Farzad Khademi, Aida Alinezhad,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (Summer 2025)
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Although these infections are usually treated with various antibiotics, the improper and excessive use of these drugs has played an important role in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of bacterial pathogens isolated from UTI cases and their antibiotic resistance patterns in Imam Khomeini hospital, Ardabil.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 202 culture-positive urine samples were collected from hospitalized and outpatients referred to Imam Khomeini hospital, Ardabil, from March 2024 to July 2024. The urine samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar media and then identified using Gram staining and standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method according to the latest Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: A total of 7 bacterial species were identified, among which Escherichia coli (50.9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.7%) were recognized as the most common urinary pathogens. E. coli showed the highest resistance to ampicillin (89.3%) and cefazolin (67.9%), while K. pneumoniae exhibited complete resistance to ampicillin (100%) and considerable resistance to cefotaxime (60.8%). Staphylococcus aureus had the highest drug resistance against ciprofloxacin (72.7%) and penicillin (63.6%). Proteus mirabilis demonstrated complete resistance to nitrofurantoin (100%) and high resistance to ampicillin (75%). In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed complete resistance to nitrofurantoin and cefazolin (100%). Enterococcus faecalis displayed notable resistance to co-trimoxazole (68.4%) and ciprofloxacin (57.8%). Acinetobacter baumannii also showed high resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, ranging from 60% to 100%. The highest rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were observed in P. aeruginosa (100%), A. baumannii (90%), and K. pneumoniae (86.9%).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that E. coli was the most common causative agent of urinary tract infections in Imam Khomeini hospital, Ardabil. Notably, the high level of antibiotic resistance among bacterial isolates, particularly MDR strains, highlights the necessity of continuous surveillance and rational use of antibiotics.
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