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Background & objectives: Tea is a hyperaccumulator of fluoride and chronic fluoride intake is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. In this study, six brands of commercially available black and green tea were selected and the fluoride level in tea infusions tested using an ion-selective electrode method.
Methods: In this experimental study, the fluoride contents were determined using  ion-selective electrode (Mettler Toledo, USA) in four types of black tea and two types of green tea at different brewing time (3,5,15,30,60 and 120 min). The amount of tea fluoride at any time was investigated by repeated measure ANOVA and two-way ANOVA.
Results: Repeated measure ANOVA analysis showed that fluoride release for green and black tea increased as increased brewing time (p<0.05). Based on the two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test results, the mean of fluoride concentrations was high in B black tea in all brewing time. E green tea, D black tea, F green tea, A and C black tea released less fluoride respectively p≤0.05.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the fluoride content of black and green tea in different companies was different. In regard to the impact of the cultivation site and the plant characteristics which the tea is made, companies should include enough information about their product to inform consumers. The amount of fluoride in the all examined tea increases after 3 and 120 min of brewing.
 

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Background & objectives: Dental anxiety is an effective factor in reducing children's dental visits. It is necessary to identify the factors involved in causing dental anxiety to promote public health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dental fear and anxiety in 5-10 -year -old children with dental caries and a history of trauma in Ardabil dental clinics in 2022.
Methods: 247 children (139 girls and 108 boys) were examined in terms of demographic information, history of oral and dental trauma, and socio-economic status through a questionnaire. The dmft/DMFT index was determined using the clinical examination to check the oral health condition. Dental fear and anxiety were measured using two standard scales, FIS and CFSS-DS. Chi-square test was used for data analysis .
Results: According to the FIS index, the prevalence of dental anxiety was 11.4% and according to the CFSS-DS questionnaire, it was 18.2%. Children aged 5-7 years showed more anxiety (p=0.043). Children who had a dental visit showed higher levels of anxiety based on the CFSS-DS index (p=0.002). According to the FIS index, children without a dental visit history had a higher frequency in the "very upset" group (p=0.009). Severe dental caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) were associated with a higher level of anxiety (p=0.028). No statistically significant relationship was found between gender, number of siblings, child's position in the family, parent’s education, family income level, history of trauma and dmft with dental anxiety.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that age, history of dental visits and decay of permanent teeth are effective factors on children's dental anxiety.
 

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