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  Background & Objective : The fast population growth is one of the basic problems in Iran and using family planning devices has a remarkable role in decreasing it. The findings of researches carried out nationwide indicate the effectiveness of instruction in the application of family planning methods and devices. The objective of this study is determining the level of knowledge of 15-49 year-old women under Ardabil health and treatment center services.

  Methods : 138 qualified mothers were chosen randomly from among 15-49 year-old women under Ardabil health and treatment centers services. These subjects were selected from among 14 centers (10 mother from each center) and had secondary school level of education. This descriptive cross-sectional and prospective research was conducted by filling out the pre-planned questionnaire and preparing educational booklets and giving them to the mothers under the study as pretest and post-test procedures during the time span of December 2000 to May 2001.

  Results : No meaningful relationship was found between employment and utilizing family-planning devices. The results of Mc-Nemar test and t-test showed that statistically the instruction given with regard to the method of beginning to take anti-gestation pills, method of the intervals of taking the anti-gestation pills, taking measures at the time of forgetting to take anti-gestation pills, the preference of vasectomy to tobectomy, the interval between the injection of anti-gestation ampoules and the duration of IUD effectiveness before and after studying the manuals demonstrated a significant difference.

  Conclusions : Education plays an important role in increasing the knowledge level of the population under study and hence it improves their performance about family planning. So this instruction is recommended to be followed seriously.

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 Background & Objectives: Different types of diets and several chemical and herbal drugs are used for decreasing the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin resistance in type II diabetic patients. New herbal medicines including cinnamon have been considered for controlling diabetes. Since few reports have been presented in other countries and many studies have been done in animal models in laboratory condition, this study was aimed to investigate cinnamon supplementation effects on fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin resistance among type II diabetic patients .

 Methods: In a clinical trial study, 60 male and female patients with type II diabetes mellitus (30 patients in control and 30 patients in treatment group) were selected in Tabriz city, during 1388. The intervention group received 1.5 g of cinnamon (as a capsule containing 500 mg powder, three times daily) for 60 days and control group received placebo. Blood samples obtained from patients to determine the levels of fasting blood glucose, the glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin, before and after cinnamon consumption. Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA score and data were expressed as Mean ± SD and analyzed statistically by Student t-test. p<0.05 was considered as significant .

 Results: After 60 days, the fasting blood glucose levels, the glycosylated hemoglobin and the insulin resistance decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to controls (p<0.05). There was no significant change in the fasting blood glucose levels, the glycosylated hemoglobin and the insulin resistance in the control group at the end of 60 days.

 Conclusion: This study showed the consumption of cinnamon can be useful in the fasting blood glucose, the glycosylated hemoglobin and the insulin resistance control among type II diabetic patients .

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  Background & objectives : CXCL5, also known as epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), is a chemokine that has a role in some diseases. CXCL5 blocks insulin signaling by activating the Jak2/STAT5/SOCS2 pathway. It is reported the association between -156G>C (rs352046) polymorphism in the promoter region and diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is an association between this polymorphism and diabetes mellitus in Ardabil province population.

  Methods : A total of 100 patients affected diabetes were recruited from Ardabil province population 100 healthy control subjects also were recruited from the same area. The region containing the CXCL5 - 156G>C polymorphism was genotyped by PCR amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and allele frequency data were analyzed using Fisher test.

  Results : The results show a higher frequency of carrying both the G/G and G/C genotype in patients with diabetes compared with healthy controls (p-value=0.01 and 0.006, respectively). In addition, the frequency of allele C was significantly increased (p-value = 0.028) in patients with diabetes (25.5%) compared with controls (12%).

  Conclusions : Our findings suggest a role of CXCL5 in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Also, replications in other populations with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.

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Background & objectives: Ectopic eruption is a disorder in which the tooth does not follow its usual course and if not diagnosed in a timely manner, leads to occlusal problems. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar and canine in patients referred to Ardabil dental school.
Methods: By observing the panoramic radiographs, recorded from 2016 to 2017, the frequency of ectopic eruption of first permanent molars in children aged 5 to 8 years and permanent canine in children aged 10 to 13 years was determined. The frequency distribution based on sex, involved jaw, unilaterality and bilaterality were evaluated using Chi-Square test.
Results: the frequency of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar and permanent canine was 2.1% and 6.4% respectively. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ectopic eruption of the first molar, based on the patient's gender (p=0.366), jaw (p=0.132), and unilateral or bilateral involvement (p=0.366).Also, there was no significant difference between the frequency of ectopic eruption of permanent canine and the patient's gender (p=0.384), unilateral or bilateral involvement (p=0.056). The ectopic eruption of the permanent canine in the maxilla was greater than the mandible (p=0.012).
Conclusions: In this study, the frequency values of ectopic eruption were 2.1% and 6.4% for the first permanent molar and permanent canine respectively that were in the range of other studies reported from other populations.