Background & Objectives: The conjunctiva is a mucus membrane that covers the internal surface of the eyelids and the external surface of the globe. Conjunctivitis comprises a variable group of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common type of ocular infections. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial agents in conjunctivitis.

  Methods: This descriptive study was done on 148 patients with conjunctivitis who were hospitalized in pediatric hospital of Tabriz from March 2001 to February 2002 and had suppurative discharge. Suppurative discharge of the conjunctiva was sampled and cultured on suitable media. Antibiogram of the isolated strains was done using the disk diffusion method. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics.

  Results : The isolated organisms were in the following frequency: Pseudomonas aeroginosa (40), Staphylococcus aureus(26), Klebsiella pneumonia(20), coagulase negative Staphylococci spp(18), Enterobacter spp(12), E.coli(10), Seratia marcescens(6), Acintobacter spp(4), Beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A(4). These bacteria had varied degrees of resistance to ciprofloxacin (37%), Chloramphenicle (52%), Gentamycin (70%) and Co-trimoxazol (71%).

  Conclusion: In different studies the prevalence of conjuctivitis infection is reported to be 20-40% but we found 94.5%. Regarding the importance of bacterial conjuctivitis infection in hospital and the possibility of the transmission of resistant infection to the society, some measures shoud be taken to decrease these infections.

  Background & Objectives: Septicemia is one of the serious infections of neonatal period that its microbial etiologies bacterial causes are different in various parts of the world. Incidence of sepsis in developing countries is much more than that of developed countries and it is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity in neonatal period. This study was done to determine the microbial etiology, mortality and resistance pattern of septicemia.

 Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study for three years on blood cultures of 210 neonate admitted in pediatric hospital in Tabriz. Demographic information, clinical findings, types of bacteria in blood culture and antibiogram were analyzed.

 Results: Mean age of patients was 8±2 days in which sixty percent were male and the rest were female. Among 12 isolated bacteria, negative staphylococcus coagulase was the most common. 68.6% of isolated bacteria were positive gram. 31.4% of negative gram were in which klebsiella pneumoniae had the most frequent incidence. 22.9% of neonates died, in which 9% of them weighed less than 1500 grams. Among 8 antibiotics used by disc diffusion method, ampicillin showed the highest (97.4%) and vancomycin the lowest (6.7%) resistance.

 Conclusion: septicemia is still the main problem in neonatal ward and neonatal intensive care unit. The etiologic agents and resistance pattern of each area should be considered in starting empirical treatment.